scholarly journals Water Relations of a Semidomesticated Chile Ecotype (Capsicum frutescens L.) in a Semiarid Zone in Northwestern Mexico

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 836E-836
Author(s):  
Alejandra Nieto-Garibay ◽  
Enrique Troyo-Dieguez
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Turgor Pressure ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Capsicum Frutescens ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Northwestern Mexico ◽  
Opaque Plastic

Diurnal and seasonal water relations, soil humidity, transpiration, water demand, stomatal resistance, and fruit production, as well as some microclimatic parameters, were studied in a semidomesticated chile ecotype (Capsicum frutescens) under two treatments of plastic mulches, black and opaque, and compared with plants without a mulch in Baja California Sur, a Mexican semiarid state. Plants with opaque plastic mulch showed the highest chile production and total growth. The biggest transpiration rates from January to April was evidenced also by this treatment. The soil water content seemed to be determinant. Opaque plastic mulch plants had more soil moisture during the whole experiment. Plants without plastic mulch had the least chile production, with a lesser soil water content. These plants evidenced an osmotic adjustment under drought stress with low water potential, maintaining a partial turgor pressure, and stomatal regulation, in order to control the lost of water by transpiration.

scholarly journals Ecophysical Traits and Production of a Semi-domesticated Hot Pepper Genotype (Capsicum frutescens L.) under Different Plastic Mulches

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 529F-530
Author(s):  
A. Nieto-Garibay ◽  
E. Troyo-Dieguez
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Turgor Pressure ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Hot Pepper ◽  
Capsicum Frutescens ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Opaque Plastic

Diurnal and seasonal water relations and ecophysiological variables (soil humidity, transpiration, evapotranspiration, stomatal resistance, morphological changes, production), matched with some microclimatological variables, were studied in a hot pepper (Capsicum frutescens) experimental plot. Two treatments of plants with plastic mulches were assigned, black and blank-opaque, to compare them with plants without a mulch, established at the Experimental Station of CIBNOR in La Paz Baja California Sur, Mexico. Plants with blank-opaque plastic mulch showed the highest values of flower number, fruit production, leaf area, and canopy-projected area. Also, the biggest evapotranspiration rates were recorded from January to April for plants under the blank-opaque plastic mulch. Soil water content appeared to be a primary determinant factor for production. Soils under the blank-opaque plastic mulch had the biggest water content along the experiment. Plants without any plastic mulch had the lowest availability of soil water, rendered the lowest fruit production, and registered the highest evapotranspiration rates. May and June were the months with the highest air temperature during the experiment. Plants with black plastic mulch had intermediate records among the other two groups. When plants were allowed to face a drought stress, they responded through an osmotic adjustment for maintaining a low water potential, and thus supporting a partial turgor pressure. This adjustment was evident to be coupled with a stomatal regulation in order to minimize the loss of water through the transpiration process. Some drought tolerance strategies as a leaf size reduction were more evident in plants without a mulch.

scholarly journals Drip Irrigation Configuration Influences Growth in Young Highbush Blueberries

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1012B-1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Bryla
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Bed Erosion ◽  
Highbush Blueberries ◽  
Subsurface Drip

A study was done to determine the effects of irrigation with different drip configurations on growth of newly planted highbush blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L. `Duke'). Plants were grown on raised beds mulched with sawdust. Different configurations included two laterals of drip tubing placed on the soil surface on each side of the plants, two laterals buried 0.1 m deep on each side of the plants, and one lateral suspended 1.2 m above the plants. Each treatment was irrigated three times per week (when needed) with enough water to replace 100% of the estimated crop evapotranspiration requirements. During the first 2 years after planting, plants irrigated by buried drip were larger and produced significantly more whips than those irrigated by drip placed at the soil surface. The size and whip number of those irrigated by suspended drip were intermediate. Subsurface drip eliminated water runoff and bed erosion observed with both surface drip configurations. It also maintained lower soil water content near the plant crown. Since plants tested positive for phytophthora and pythium root rot, lower soil water content may have reduced problems with the disease. As plants mature, the next objective will be to determine the effects of each drip configuration on fruit production.

scholarly journals SPORE PROPAGATION OF INDIGENOUS ENDOMYCHORIZA FROM SEVERAL ROOTING AREAS OF SNAKE FRUIT ON DIFFERENT SOIL WATER CONTENT

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
I Nyoman Rai ◽  
I Ketut Suada ◽  
M. Praborini ◽  
I Wayan Wiraatmaja
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Design Patterns ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Randomized Block Design

Cultivation of organic snake fruit in Bali which is done on dry land with the irrigation depends on rainfall and the fertilization generally only uses uncertain amount of fallen leaves, it reduces the productivity, quality, and continuity of fruit production over time. In rhizosphere of snake fruit there are various types of indigenous endomycorrhiza that potentially can be developed as biofertilizer, but as a biofertilizer, the low number of spores population for inoculum becomes a limiting factor in using indigenous endomycorrhiza. The effort that can be done are to propagate the spores by giving water stress treatment. This study aimed to obtain the best rhizosphere location of snake fruit as the source of spores and the level of soil water content to multiply the spores. The research was conducted in the green House, Farm Station, Agriculture Faculty, Udayana University at Jalan Pulau Moyo, Denpasar, from October 2017 to January 2018. The spore propagation used nested experiment with Randomized Block Design patterns. The treatments were rhizosphere location as the source of indigenous endomycorrhizas spore consists of three levels (Bebandem District Karangasem Regency, Payangan District Gianyar Regency, and Pupuan District Tabanan Regency) and soil water content consists of three levels (100%, 70%, and 40% field capacity). The results of the research showed that the source of indigenous endomychorrizae from snake fruit rhizosphere in Payangan District gave the highest number of spores found and the highest percentage of the spore increase after propagation. While in the soil water content treatments, the highest number of spores found and the percentage of the spore increase after propagation were obtained at soil water content of 40% field capacity. The percentage of root infections from different sources of indigenous endomychorrhizae and different levels of soil water content is same i.e 100%.

scholarly journals Analisis Profil Suhu dan Kadar Air Tanah Pada Budidaya Cabai Rawit (C. frutescens L) Menggunakan Beberapa Macam Mulsa

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Ni Made Dea Kanikayani ◽  
Sumiyati . ◽  
Ida Ayu Bintang Madrini
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Distribution Profile ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Clear Plastic ◽  
Black Plastic

Abstrak Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu memperoleh profil suhu dan kadar air tanah pada budidaya tanaman cabai rawit menggunakan beberapa macam mulsa. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok, masing-masing terdiri dari lima perlakuan dan tiga ulangan yaitu perlakuan tanpa mulsa, perlakuan mulsa plastik perak, plastik hitam, plastik bening dan perlakuan mulsa jerami padi. Untuk pengukuran suhu tanah menggunakan alat sensor suhu DS18B20 sedangkan untuk kadar air tanah menggunakan metode gravimetri. Pengukuran suhu dan kadar air tanah dilakukan 3 kali yaitu pada 3 hari, 30 hari dan 60 hari setelah tanam. Analisis data suhu dan kadar suhu dan kadar air tanah dalam mulsa menggunakan metode garis kontur. Hasil penelitian suhu tanah menunjukan kontur profil pada saat 3 hari profil sebaran tanpa mulsa 29-33?C, mulsa plastik perak 28-32?C, mulsa plastik hitam 29-34?C, mulsa plastik bening 31-37?C dan mulsa jerami 26-31?C. Pada saat 30 hari profil sebaran tanpa mulsa 26-33?C, mulsa plastik perak 26-31?C, mulsa plastik hitam 27-33?C, mulsa plastik bening 28-32?C dan mulsa jerami 25-30?C dan pada saat 60 hari profil sebaran tanpa mulsa 26-31?C, mulsa plastik perak 25-30?C, mulsa plastik hitam 27-32?C, mulsa plastik bening 31-37?C dan mulsa jerami 26-29?C, sedangkan dari hasil pengukuran suhu tanah yang didapatkan berhubungan dengan hasil kadar air tanahnya. Kata kunci: Mulsa, profil, suhu tanah, kadar air tanah   Abstract The purpose of this research was to water content and soil temperature profile content on mulch for cultivation of cayenne pepper plants with different types of mulch. This research use random design group, every each concist of five treatment and three repetation. Which is a treatment without mulch treatment, silver plastic mulch treatment, black plastic mulch treatment, clear plastic mulch treatment , and rice straw mulch treatment. The variable observed of soil temperature using a temperature sensor DS18B20 while for soil water content using the gravimetric method. Measurement of temperature and soil water content was carried out 3 times, namely at the 3 days, 30 days , and 60 days after planting . The result of the temperature and soil water content is made a profile of the temperature and soil water content in the mulch using the contour line method. The results of the soil temperature research show the profile contour when the at 3 days, without mulch distribution profile is 29-330C, silver plastic mulch 28-320C, black plastic mulch 29-340C, clear plastic mulch 28-320C and rice straw mulch 25-300C. At 30 days, without mulch distribution profile is 26-330C, silver plastic mulch 26-310C, black plastic mulch 27-330C, clear plastic mulch 28-320C and rice straw mulch 25-300C. At  60 days, without mulch distribution profile is 26-310C, silver plastic mulch 25-300C, black plastic mulch 27-320C, clear plastic mulch 31-370C and rice straw mulch 26-290C. The results of measurements of the soil temperature obtained in relation to the results of the soil water content. Keywords: Mulch, Profile, Soil Temperature, Soil Water Content  

Plastic Mulch and Plant Density Influencing Soil Water Content and Yield of Rainfed Maize in North-Eastern China

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 354-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shijun Sun ◽  
Zhijun Chen ◽  
Hao Jiang ◽  
Xudong Zhang ◽  
Linlin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
North Eastern

scholarly journals Using Plastic Mulching Improves Greenhouse-Grown Pakchoi (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis) Growth and Water Use Efficiency under Irrigation Scheduling Based on Soil Water Content

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1257
Author(s):  
Yue Xie ◽  
Shenglin Wang ◽  
Chen Luo ◽  
Mengyao Sun ◽  
Yixin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Micro Irrigation

Scarce water resources limit protected vegetable production in North China. Implementing efficient water-saving techniques is crucial for maintaining protected vegetable production and sustainability. A two-growing season field experiment was conducted in a glass greenhouse to explore the effects of water-saving techniques with irrigation scheduling based on soil water content on the growth and quality of pakchoi and the fate of irrigation water. Three water-saving techniques were investigated: micro-irrigation (M-0), furrow irrigation with plastic mulch (F-P), and micro-irrigation with plastic mulch (M-P) compared to furrow irrigation (F-0). F-P and M-P treatments enhanced pakchoi growth and primarily increased the total root length of the root system (0–0.2 m) compared to F-0. The two treatments further induced an improvement of pakchoi quality. Compared to M-0, F-P and M-P treatments showed better performance in reducing evaporation by 57–70% and proportion of evaporation in evapotranspiration, and consequently exhibited more pronounced effects on water saving. Irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) was improved in F-P by 50% in both seasons and was improved in M-P by 84 and 95% in spring season and autumn season, respectively. Combining irrigation scheduling based on soil water content with plastic mulch is a feasible way to improve IWUE in protected vegetable production by reducing water consumption and enhancing crop growth.

Leaf Gas Exchange and Water Relations of Lupins and Wheat. I. Shoot Responses to Soil Water Deficits

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 401 ◽  
Author(s):  
IE Henson ◽  
CR Jensen ◽  
NC Turner
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Turgor Pressure ◽  
Leaf Conductance ◽  
Leaf Water

The effects of a progressive increase in soil water deficit on the leaf conductance and gas exchange of lupin (Lupinus cosentinii) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) were investigated in pot experiments in a temperature-regulated glasshouse, using a coarse, sandy soil characteristic of the Western Australian wheatbelt. Transpiration rates decreased rapidly in both species after water was withheld, mainly as a result of stomatal closure. Photosynthesis declined also, but to a lesser extent than conductance. Leaf extension in lupin was equally as sensitive to a decrease in leaf water potential and soil water potential as stomatal conductance. Stomatal closure served to maintain the water potential of lupin leaves to within 0.1 MPa of that of control (watered) plants as the soil water content decreased from 0.14 to 0.06 m3 m-3 and as the leaf conductance and the relative transpiration rate fell to less than 50% of control values. Maintenance of leaf water potential with decreasing soil water content and stomatal conductance was less evident in wheat. In both lupin and wheat, leaf conductance decreased linearly with soil water content and curvilinearly with bulk soil matric potential, indicating that water uptake was restricted at similar water contents and matric potentials in both species. Diurnal measurements on lupin indicated a substantial reduction in stomatal conductance after water was withheld, even when the leaf water potential at midday was reduced by only 0.1 MPa and no change could be detected in the bulk leaf turgor pressure. Conductance in lupin was reduced even though the soil matric potential decreased in only part of the rooting zone. This, together with the absence of any significant change in the leaf water potential, turgor pressure, or relative water content in lupin during the initial stages of stomatal closure, suggests that a soil or root factor initiates the reduction in leaf conductance - and hence regulates the shoot water status - in response to soil drying.

scholarly journals Ridge–furrow–ridge Rainwater Harvesting System with Mulches and Supplemental Irrigation

HortScience ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Borut Gosar ◽  
Dea Baričevič
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Echinacea Purpurea ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Supplemental Irrigation ◽  
Growing Seasons

New ridge–furrow–ridge rainwater-harvesting (RFRRH) system with mulches has been promoted in agricultural production to improve economic potential for high-value plant production. In this system, plastic mulch covers two ridges and the furrow between them, which serves as the rainwater-harvesting zone. To test this system more effectively, a field study using purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea Moench) as an indicator crop was conducted to determine the effect of the RFRRH system with or without a covering of two different types of polyethylene mulches and with or without supplemental irrigation on soil water content, crop yield, and time dedicated to weed control during the growing seasons of 2007 and 2008. In the non-irrigated plots, the results showed significantly higher soil water content during dry periods at the beginning of plant growth in the mulch-covered RFRRH system in comparison with the control (uncovered ridges). In comparison with the control, the mulch-covered RFRRH system significantly increased yield and reduced time dedicated to weed control. In the event of a rainfall deficiency, the mulch-covered RFRRH system enabled simple supplemental irrigation, using an agricultural vacuum tanker, by flooding the polyethylene mulch-covered furrow with hardly any ridge erosion. However, in only 1 year did supplemental irrigation significantly increase yield.

SOIL WATER CONTENT AFFECTS THE AVAILABILITY OF PHOSPHATE

1985 ◽  
pp. 185-189
Author(s):  
M.C.H.Mouat Pieter Nes
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Equivalent Reduction

Reduction in water content of a soil increased the concentration of ammonium and nitrate in solution, but had no effect on the concentration of phosphate. The corresponding reduction in the quantity of phosphate in solution caused an equivalent reduction in the response of ryegrass to applied phosphate. Keywords: soil solution, soil water content, phosphate, ryegrass, nutrition.

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