scholarly journals Parthenocarpic Fruit Set in Summer Squash

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 883D-883
Author(s):  
Richard W. Robinson ◽  
Stephen Reiners
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Male Flower ◽  
Sex Expression ◽  
Gold Rush ◽  
Flower Formation ◽  
Parthenocarpic Fruit ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Row Covers ◽  
Summer Squash

Low temperatures typical of early season production promote female sex expression and reduce male flower formation in summer squash. In addition, some summer squash cultivars do not produce sufficient male flowers for good fruit set early in the season in New York. Parthenocarpic fruit set could increase early season yield as well as at times when bee activity is restricted by wet weather or by row covers. More than 30 Cucurbita pepo cultivars and breeding lines were evaluated for their ability to produce parthenocarpic fruit over the past 3 years. Pistillate flowers were closed before anthesis to prevent pollination. In 1992, 66% of all the entries set parthenocarpic fruit where as 40% displayed the same pattern in 1993 and 81% in 1994. Varieties with the best parthenocarpic fruit set included Black Beauty, Black Magic, Black Jack, and Chefini Hybrid, all zucchini types. Most yellow-fruited cultivars had poor fruit set but the precocious yellow cultivar Gold Rush had good parthenocarpic fruit set in 1992 and 1993. In 1994, floating row covers placed over the plants 1 week after planting confirmed the results of the previous two seasons. This indicates that certain varieties of summer squash consistently set parthenocarpic fruit. These varieties may be most useful for early season production or for production under plastic tunnels or row covers where pollinator activity is restricted. In addition, our results indicate that it is possible to breed parthenocarpic squash of different fruit colors and types.

ALTERATION OF GROWTH AND FLOWERING HABIT IN CUCUMBER BY CHLORFLURENOL

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 771-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANIEL J. CANTLIFFE
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Flower Development ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Male Flower ◽  
Female Flower ◽  
Sex Expression ◽  
Flower Formation ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Plant Growth Habit

Chlorflurenol (methyl-2-chloro-9-hydroxyfluorene-(9)-carboxylate) was applied to four cultivars of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) grown in the greenhouse to determine its effect on sex expression, fruit set, and plant growth habit. The chlorflurenol was applied at three stages of growth, the first, second and fourth true-leaf stages, at concentrations of 0, 0.1, 1.0, 10.0 and 100 ppm. At 0.1 ppm or 1 ppm, chlorflurenol promoted male flower development in predominantly female (PF) Pioneer and monoecious Galaxy. However, at 10 or 100 ppm, chlorflurenol reduced male flower development in monoecious cultivars Galaxy and Wisconsin SMR 58 and in PF Explorer. The effectiveness of chlorflurenol in doing this was dependent on the stage of growth applied. Chlorflurenol did not affect female flower formation. Black-spined Pioneer and Wisconsin SMR 58 produced twice as many fruit per plant as white-spined Explorer and Galaxy when 100 ppm chlorflurenol was applied at the fourth-leaf stage. Plant growth was terminated in all cultivars at the 100-ppm concentration. It was proposed that yields of pickling cucumbers harvested once-over could be improved by increasing plant populations and applying chlorflurenol in the fourth-leaf stage to limit growth and promote fruit set.

scholarly journals Parthenocarpy in Summer Squash

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 715-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.W. Robinson ◽  
Stephen Reiners
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Parthenocarpic Fruit ◽  
Row Covers ◽  
Summer Squash ◽  
Multiple Disease Resistance ◽  
Pollinating Insects ◽  
Dark Green

Summer squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) cultivars were compared for ability to set parthenocarpic fruit. Some cultivars set no parthenocarpic fruit and others varied in the amount of fruit set when not pollinated. The degree of parthenocarpy varied with season, but the relative ranking of cultivars for parthenocarpy was generally similar. Cultivars with the best parthenocarpic fruit set were of the dark green, zucchini type, but some cultivars of other fruit types also set parthenocarpic fruit. A summer squash cultivar was developed that combines a high rate of natural parthenocarpy with multiple disease resistance. Yield of summer squash plants grown under row covers that excluded pollinating insects was as much as 83% of that of insect-pollinated plants in the open.

The effects of date pollinizer variety and pollination time on fruit set and yield of Medjhol date palm

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdoul Amir Rahnama ◽  
Esmaeil Rahkhodaei
Keyword(s):  
Date Palm ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Male Flower ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Tropical Fruit ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Female Flowers

Date palm is unisexual, being either male or female. Male and female flowers grow on buds called Spathe, which opens naturally when fully mature. It is easy to identify the male and female flowers. Under the method of manual pollination, pollen from a male flower is smeared over female flowers. The pollen variety and pollination time have important effects on date palm fruit set, yield and quality. This experiment was carried out to study the effect of date pollinizer variety and pollination time on fruit set, growth and development of Medjhol date palm variety, in date palm garden of date palm and tropical fruit research institute of Iran during three years from 2009 to 2011. The trail was randomized complete block design in factorial manner with three pollen variety as Ghaname, Vardy, and Samesmave, two pollination time as 1-3 days before or after spathe opening and four replication. The results showed that the Vardy pollen had significant effects and increased the fertility percent and fruit yield, rather than two other pollen varieties. The pollen variety had no significant effects on fruit quality as total sugar, acidity, and bricx. The pollination time before spathe opening significantly increased fertility percent, decreased fruit weight and date palm yield. Finally the pollen variety and pollination time interaction effects showed that, application of Vardy pollen from 1-3 days after spathe opening with the most production date palm yield, equal 19.9 kilogram per any date palm trees, so this treatment is the best and are recommended.

scholarly journals A comprehensive RNA-Seq-based gene expression atlas of the summer squash (Cucurbita pepo) provides insights into fruit morphology and ripening mechanisms

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliki Xanthopoulou ◽  
Javier Montero-Pau ◽  
Belén Picó ◽  
Panagiotis Boumpas ◽  
Eleni Tsaliki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Male Flower ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Gene Expression Atlas ◽  
Summer Squash ◽  
Expression Atlas

Abstract Background Summer squash (Cucurbita pepo: Cucurbitaceae) are a popular horticultural crop for which there is insufficient genomic and transcriptomic information. Gene expression atlases are crucial for the identification of genes expressed in different tissues at various plant developmental stages. Here, we present the first comprehensive gene expression atlas for a summer squash cultivar, including transcripts obtained from seeds, shoots, leaf stem, young and developed leaves, male and female flowers, fruits of seven developmental stages, as well as primary and lateral roots. Results In total, 27,868 genes and 2352 novel transcripts were annotated from these 16 tissues, with over 18,000 genes common to all tissue groups. Of these, 3812 were identified as housekeeping genes, half of which assigned to known gene ontologies. Flowers, seeds, and young fruits had the largest number of specific genes, whilst intermediate-age fruits the fewest. There also were genes that were differentially expressed in the various tissues, the male flower being the tissue with the most differentially expressed genes in pair-wise comparisons with the remaining tissues, and the leaf stem the least. The largest expression change during fruit development was early on, from female flower to fruit two days after pollination. A weighted correlation network analysis performed on the global gene expression dataset assigned 25,413 genes to 24 coexpression groups, and some of these groups exhibited strong tissue specificity. Conclusions These findings enrich our understanding about the transcriptomic events associated with summer squash development and ripening. This comprehensive gene expression atlas is expected not only to provide a global view of gene expression patterns in all major tissues in C. pepo but to also serve as a valuable resource for functional genomics and gene discovery in Cucurbitaceae.

Influence of planting date and row covers on yields and crop values for bell peppers in Saskatchewan

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 527-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Waterer
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Early Planting ◽  
Row Covers ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Bell Peppers ◽  
Premium Price ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
Crop Maturity

In 1989 and 1990, bell peppers transplanted into the field in mid-May, late May or early June were grown with a black plastic soil mulch and no cover (NC) or under tunnels of perforated clear polyethylene (PT) or spunbonded polyester (ST). The ST treatment provided several degrees of frost protection, whereas the PT treatment appeared to increase the crop’s susceptibility to frost damage. Early planting had little effect on total fruit yields but did accelerate the harvest. In both years, the ST accelerated crop maturity and increased total fruit yields relative to the noncovered treatment. At times the PT improved crop development and increased fruit yields, but in many cases it reduced fruit yields relative to the noncovered treatment. By promoting early fruit set and development, early planting under the spunbonded row covers significantly enhanced the value of the crop, as early peppers command a premium price in Saskatchewan. Cumulative crop values for the PT treatments were generally similar to or poorer than those for the noncovered control.Key words: Bell pepper, Capsicum annuum, planting date, row covers, frost

scholarly journals The Effects of Silver Nitrate Applications on the Flower Quantity of Cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L.)

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deniz KARAKAYA ◽  
Hüseyin PADEM
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Male Flower ◽  
Flower Formation ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Male Flowers ◽  
Female Flowers

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of silver nitrate (AgNO3) on the flower quantity of cucumbers. The seeds used in this study, which was carried out in a plastic greenhouse, in the Gazi village of Antalya Province (Turkey) the during spring and autumn 2005 breeding periods, were ‘Mostar F1’ (designated as ‘GND1’) and ‘Vesco Seeds Beith Alpha F1 (26.50 F1)’, designated as ‘GND2’ and those are the types having common production. The silver nitrate application was performed by the method of spraying on the growth tips of plants and 0, 250, 500, 750, and 1000 ppm silver nitrate doses were administered. The research was conducted with 4 repetitions having 5 plants in each repetition according to the Random Parcel Trial Pattern. In order to determine the effects of the applications, the effects of a number of female flowers and male flowers on generative characteristics of planting periods (spring and fall) were identified and the results were statistically evaluated. According to the results obtained in this research, AgNO3 has led to the formation of male flowers (no male flower formation in control), has increased the number of male flowers, and has led to a decrease in the number of female flowers. The increase in the number of male flowers varied according to the periods (in ‘GND2’).

scholarly journals Inhibition of Auxin Transport from the Ovary or from the Apical Shoot Induces Parthenocarpic Fruit-Set in Tomato Mediated by Gibberellins

2010 ◽  
Vol 153 (2) ◽  
pp. 851-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Serrani ◽  
Esther Carrera ◽  
Omar Ruiz-Rivero ◽  
Lina Gallego-Giraldo ◽  
Lázaro Eustáquio Pereira Peres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Auxin Transport ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Parthenocarpic Fruit ◽  
Apical Shoot

scholarly journals Assessment of weather effect on flower morphogenesis and fruit set in mango varieties in central India

2022 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. R. RANGARE ◽  
MANISH BHAN ◽  
S. K. PANDEY
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Male Flower ◽  
Central India ◽  
Flower Initiation ◽  
Hermaphrodite Flower ◽  
Flower Morphogenesis ◽  
Bud Initiation ◽  
Flower Sex Ratio

A two-year field experiment was initiated in 2017-18 and 2018-19 years simultaneously to assess temperature on flower morphogenesis stages, flower sex ratio (hermaphrodite/staminate male flower) and fruit set in monoembryonic Langra and Amrapali varieties. Different dates of flower phenological stages viz., bud, panicle, bloom and flower initiation, pea, marble, egg, and maturity of fruits were recorded. The Langra variety exhibited bud initiation after mid December whereas Amrapali variety by the end of December. The range of mean maximum / minimum temperature as 26-31/10-12 °C promoted hermaphrodite flowers per panicle by 74 per cent in Langra variety, whereas range of 27-29/11-13 °C favored by 35 per cent in Amrapali variety. A positive and significant correlation between total number of flower / panicle and flower sex ratio in both the varieties suggested that higher temperature during initial flower phenologies improved number of hermaphrodite flowers. A mean minimum temperature for producing more number of hermaphrodite flower  exhibited a range of 11-14 °C under central Indian conditions.  Fruit set was maximum during pea stage and decline afterwards in marble and fruit maturity stages due to sudden rise in temperature at marble stage that caused in drop down of humidity thereby resulted in fruit drop in both the varieties.

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