scholarly journals Use of Hormones and Growth Regulators in Quantifying Bud Dormancy

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 908C-908
Author(s):  
Miklos Faust
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Apical Dominance ◽  
Bound State ◽  
The State ◽  
Bud Dormancy ◽  
Central Portion ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Dormant Period ◽  
Lateral Buds ◽  
Terminal Buds

At the beginning and near to the end of the endodormant period, cytokinin-type growth regulators are effective to end dormancy in apple. The same growth regulators are not effective during the middle of this period. Terminal buds require less chilling than lateral buds to emerge from the dormant period. Lateral buds on decapitated shoots also require less chilling, indicating that auxin may be involved in dormancy. Replacing the terminal with IAA keeps water in bound state in the lateral buds, indicating the effect of IAA in dormancy. We have developed the theory that the beginning and the end of the winter-dormant period is governed by apical dominance. It appears that only this period can be manipulated either with dormancy avoidance methods or with dormancy-breaking chemicals. The central portion of the dormant period is not subject to manipulation. Therefore, it is important that the depth of the dormancy is quantified. Certain growth regulators can be used for determining the state of bud dormancy. Thidiazuron gives results within 2 to 4 days.

scholarly journals Torsion of canes and hydrogenated cyanamide in bud bursting and production of grapevine cv. Itália muscat in the São Francisco valley

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tales Gonçalves Rodrigues ◽  
Pedro Igor Rodrigues Modesto ◽  
Jackson Teixeira Lobo ◽  
Jenilton Gomes da Cunha ◽  
Ítalo Herbert Lucena Cavalcante
Keyword(s):  
Apical Dominance ◽  
Bud Dormancy ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Production Cycles ◽  
Different Doses

Abstract The grapevine cultivated in tropical regions, such as the Sub-medium of the São Francisco Valley, exhibits a strong bud dormancy and high apical dominance, thus presenting the need for the utilization of products that promote the dormancy breaking of the buds. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the efficiency of the application of hydrogenated cyanamide and the practice of cane torsion over the breaking of bud dormancy, bud burst and yield of grapevine cv. Italia Muscat in the conditions of the Sub-medium of the São Francisco Valley. The experiment was conducted in Petrolina, PE state, during two production cycles (2015-2016). The adopted design was in randomized blocks, with treatments distributed in a 2 x 2 factorial scheme, referring to the torsion of canes (with and without) and the different doses [D1: hydrogenated cyanamide (H2CN2) 2.45%; D2: hydrogenated cyanamide (H2CN2) 2.94%], with four replicates. The use of the hydrogenated cyanamide associated to the torsion of canes influences in a distinct manner the studied variables, in the different production cycles, although increments in production and yield occur in both. Therefore, the use of 2.94% of H2CN2 along with the torsion of canes is a recommended practice for the increase in the bud burst rate and yield of grapevine cv. Italia Muscat, cultivated in the region of the Sub-medium of the São Francisco Valley.

scholarly journals Changes in Protein Profiles in Poplar Trees during the Induction of Bud Dormancy by Short-day Photoperiods

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 689f-689
Author(s):  
Zoran Jeknic ◽  
Tony H.H. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Total Protein ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Bud Dormancy ◽  
Protein Profiles ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Lateral Buds ◽  
Poplar Trees ◽  
Terminal Buds ◽  
Qualitative Changes

In poplar (Populus deltoides Bartr.ex Marsh), the development of bud dormancy is initiated by short-day (SD) photoperiods. The degree of bud dormancy, expressed as days to budbreak, increased from ≈10 days for plants grown under long-days to >200 days after 10 weeks of SD exposure. We investigated quantitative and qualitative changes in protein fractions extracted from terminal buds, lateral buds, bark, and leaves of poplar plants during the induction of bud dormancy by 2-D PAGE. While total protein contents(as milligrams per gram fresh weight) in leaves, terminal, and lateral buds did not change significantly during SD treatment, bark protein content increased about five-fold in 10 weeks. The results of 2-D PAGE analysis indicated that there was a significant change in protein profiles in terminal and lateral buds, leaves, and bark. The results suggested that SD treatment in poplar plants causes substantial changes in protein profiles during the induction of bud dormancy.

scholarly journals Interplay among Antioxidant System, Hormone Profile and Carbohydrate Metabolism during Bud Dormancy Breaking in a High-Chill Peach Variety

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 560
Author(s):  
José A. Hernández ◽  
Pedro Díaz-Vivancos ◽  
José Ramón Acosta-Motos ◽  
Nuria Alburquerque ◽  
Domingo Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Starch Content ◽  
Sugar Metabolism ◽  
Bud Dormancy ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Prunus Species ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Antioxidant Metabolism ◽  
Hormone Profile ◽  
Aba Content ◽  
Gas Ratio

(1) Background: Prunus species have the ability to suspend (induce dormancy) and restart growth, in an intricate process in which environmental and physiological factors interact. (2) Methods: In this work, we studied the evolution of sugars, antioxidant metabolism, and abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellins (GAs) levels during bud dormancy evolution in a high-chill peach variety, grown for two seasons in two different geographical areas with different annual media temperature, a cold (CA) and a temperate area (TA). (3) Results: In both areas, starch content reached a peak at ecodormancy, and then decreased at dormancy release (DR). Sorbitol and sucrose declined at DR, mainly in the CA. In contrast, glucose and fructose levels progressively rose until DR. A decline in ascorbate peroxidase, dehydroascorbate reductase, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities occurred in both seasons at DR. Moreover, the H2O2-sensitive SOD isoenzymes, Fe-SOD and Cu,Zn-SOD, and two novel peroxidase isoenzymes, were detected. Overall, these results suggest the occurrence of a controlled oxidative stress during DR. GA7 was the major bioactive GA in both areas, the evolution of its levels being different between seasons and areas. In contrast, ABA content decreased during the dormancy period in both areas, resulting in a reduction in the ABA/total GAs ratio, being more evident in the CA. (4) Conclusion: A possible interaction sugars-hormones-ROS could take place in high-chill peach buds, favoring the DR process, suggesting that, in addition to sugar metabolism, redox interactions can govern bud DR, regardless of chilling requirements.

Regulation of cell reproduction in bud meristems of Tradescantia paludosa

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 1137-1145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyu-Byung Yun ◽  
J. M. Naylor
Keyword(s):  
Apical Dominance ◽  
Mitotic Cycle ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Apparent Absence ◽  
Cell Reproduction ◽  
Terminal Bud ◽  
Terminal Buds ◽  
Regulation Of Growth ◽  
Tradescantia Paludosa

The mitotic cycle can be arrested in the apical summit of vegetative terminal buds of Tradescantia paludosa by restricting the level of nitrogen or light available to the plant. Cells in this portion of the bud are much more sensitive to these stress conditions than those in the subjacent portion of the meristem. This differential response induced the establishment of a quiescent "central zone" which is distinguished from the rest of the meristem by the apparent absence of mitosis and DNA synthesis, larger nuclear volume, and a lower histone content of chromatin. These features are identical with those imposed by apical dominance in apices of inhibited lateral buds.The results support the view that competition for nutrients is an important causal factor in apical dominance. They suggest also that competition for nutrients within the terminal bud meristem is important in the regulation of growth in vegetative shoots in respones to conditions of the environment.

scholarly journals New records of thirteen Asteraceae from state of Bahia, Brazil

Check List ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Felipe Almeida ◽  
Maria Alves ◽  
Fernanda Afonso Santana ◽  
Nádia Roque
Keyword(s):  
New Records ◽  
The State ◽  
Central Portion ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Caatinga Biome ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Floristic Treatment

The Serra Geral of Licínio de Almeida (SGLA) is a chain of mountains included within Caatinga biome in the municipality of Licínio de Almeida, state of Bahia, located in the central portion of Espinhaço Mountain Range. From a previous floristic treatment undertaken in the SGLA, 13 new records were found for the state of Bahia, with four genera and six species from Vernonieae, three genera and five species from Heliantheae and two genera and two species from Eupatorieae.

scholarly journals Does Ethylene Play a Role in the Release of Lateral Buds (Tillers) from Apical Dominance in Oats?

1982 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 811-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia A. Harrison ◽  
Peter B. Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
Apical Dominance ◽  
Lateral Buds

Studies on the growth and development of Agropyron repens: interacting effects of humidity, calcium, and nitrogen on growth of the rhizome apex and lateral buds

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (7) ◽  
pp. 1427-1432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon I. McIntyre
Keyword(s):  
Apical Dominance ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Apical Growth ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Lateral Buds ◽  
Low Humidity ◽  
Bud Growth ◽  
Agropyron Repens

A previous investigation of apical dominance in the rhizome of Agropyron repens showed that keeping the rhizome in a high humidity promoted the outgrowth of the lateral buds but strongly inhibited the growth of the rhizome apex. A study of these related responses demonstrated that the inhibition of apical growth was not prevented by excision of the lateral buds and was also induced when only the apex of the rhizome received the high humidity treatment. The necrotic lesions that developed in the arrested apices and the reduction of apical inhibition produced by various Ca treatments indicated that the inhibition of apical growth was caused by Ca deficiency. When the rhizome apex was exposed to low humidity, a localized high-humidity treatment of the lateral buds did not release the buds from apical dominance in low-N rhizomes but strongly promoted bud growth at a higher N level. When growth of the buds was induced at low humidity by increasing the N supply, the increase in bud weight was preceded by an increase in the water content of the bud when expressed on a dry weight basis. These results agree with those of previous investigations and suggest that the interacting effects of N and humidity on the water status of the buds may play a significant role in the mechanism of apical dominance.

APICAL DOMINANCE ASSERTED OVER LATERAL BUDS BY THE GALL OF RHABDOPHAGA STROBILOIDES (DIPTERA: CECIDOMYIIDAE)

1984 ◽  
Vol 116 (9) ◽  
pp. 1277-1279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur E. Weis
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Apical Dominance ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Normal Plant ◽  
Gall Formation ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Lateral Buds ◽  
Nutrient Sink ◽  
Plant Galls

Plant galls are growth deformities developed under the influence of parasitic insects. The process of differentiation of normal plant tissue into gall tissue has been examined by many authors (Kostoff and Kendall 1929; Rohfristch 1977; see also Mani 1964) but less effort has been made to study the effects of the gallmaker on plant tissues outside the vicinity of active gall formation. Negative effects on the overall growth of the host plant can be expected because the gall acts as an energy and nutrient sink (Palct 1972; Hartnett and Abrahamson 1979), which can cause abnormal patterns of resource allocation among plant organs.

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