scholarly journals Resistance to Blueberry Shoestring Virus in Southern Highbush and Rabbiteye Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 1459-1460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa Acquaah ◽  
D.C. Ramsdell ◽  
J.F. Hancock
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Southern United States ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Mechanical Inoculation ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Vaccinium Ashei ◽  
Aphid Inoculation ◽  
Southern Highbush

To determine if blueberry shoestring virus (BBSSV) is absent in the southern United States due to resistance of cultivars, we mechanically and rub-inoculated 1-year-old rooted microshoots of nine cultivars representing southern rabbiteye (Vaccinium ashei Reade), southern highbush (hybrids of V. corymbosum and V. darrowi Camp), and northern highbush (V. corymbosum L.). Leaves were sampled from plants, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay screened for the presence of virus over 15 months. Only a few individuals were infected after aphid inoculation, but many northern and southern cultivars became infected after mechanical inoculation. Northern highbush `Elliot' (50%) and `Blueray' (46.3%) had the highest infection rates, followed by rabbiteye `Climax' (36.3%) and the southern highbush `O'Neal' (12.5%). The lowest rates of infection were found in southern highbush `Georgiagem' (2.5%), `Misty' (2.5%), rabbiteye `Brightwell' (0.0%), and northern highbush `Bluecrop' (2.5%). Since many southern cultivars were infected by the disease, resistance likely has not excluded BBSSV from the southern United States.

scholarly journals Vaccination in Nile tilapia broodstock with whole cell vaccine and disease resistance in its fry against Aeromonas hydrophila

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sukenda Sukenda ◽  
Odang Carman ◽  
Rahman Rahman ◽  
Dendi Hidayatullah ◽  
Nurfitriani Siti Yumaidawati
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Antibody Level ◽  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Cell Vaccine ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Whole Cell ◽  
Whole Cell Vaccine ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline

<p class="NoParagraphStyle"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"><strong> </strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle">The aim of this study was to analyze the effectivity of vaccination in Nile tilapia broodstock with whole cell vaccine and disease resistance in fry tilapia against <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em>. Tilapia Nirwana strain that used for this had average body weight of 185±13.23 g and were maintained in ponds sizing of (2.5×2.5×1 m<sup>3</sup>). Vaccinations that has been done through intraperitoneal injection using dose of 0.1 mL/fish, meanwhile the fish for control was injected by phosphate buffered saline (PBS). This study used complete randomized design with two treatments and three replications. Antibody level was measured by using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method in the broodstock, egg, and fry.  Challenge test in fry tilapia performed at the age of 5, 10, and 15 days. The results showed that vaccination in tilapia broodstock delivered a significant antibody level in broodstock, eggs, and fry (P&lt;0.05) compared to the control. Relative percent survival of offspring at 5, 10, and 15 days were 78.26%, 70.59%, and 65.52%, respectively.  As a conclusion, vaccination in tilapia broodstock was effective to improve specific and non-specific immunity, and protect fry tilapia from <em>A. hydrophila</em> infection through maternal immunity.</p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"> </p><p class="NoParagraphStyle">Keywords: vaccination, antibody, maternal immunity, tilapia, <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"><strong> </strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"><strong> </strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"><strong>ABSTRAK</strong><strong></strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"><strong> </strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle">Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efikasi vaksinasi pada induk nila dengan vaksin sel utuh dan ketahanan benih yang dihasilkan terhadap <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em>. Ikan nila stain Nirwana yang digunakan dalam penelitian memiliki bobot rata-rata 185±13,23 g dan ikan dipelihara dalam kolam (2,5×2,5×1 m<sup>3</sup>). vaksinasi dilakukan melalui penyuntikan intraperitoneal dengan dosis 0,1 mL/ikan, sementara itu ikan kontrol disuntik dengan <em>phosphate buffered saline</em> (PBS). Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan dua perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Tingkat antibodi diukur dengan menggunakan metode<em> indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay</em> (ELISA) pada induk, telur dan benih. Uji tantang pada benih dilakukan pada umur 5, 10, dan 15 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa vaksinasi pada induk nila secara signifikan dapat meningkatkan level antibodi pada induk, telur, dan benih (P&lt;0,05) dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Kelangsungan hidup relatif pada benih berumur 5, 10, dan 15 hari masing-masing adalah 78,26%; 70,59%; dan 65,52%. Sebagai kesimpulan vaksinasi pada induk nila efektif dalam memperbaiki imunitas spesifik dan non spesifik serta melindungi benih dari infeksi <em>A. hydrophila</em> melalui imunitas maternal.</p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"> </p><p>Kata kunci: vaksinasi, antibodi, imunitas maternal, ikan nila, <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em></p>

scholarly journals Resistances to Turnip Mosaic Potyvirus in Arabidopsis thaliana

1999 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1016-1021 ◽  
Author(s):  
África Martín Martín ◽  
Héctor Luis Cabrera y Poch ◽  
David Martínez Herrera ◽  
Fernando Ponz
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Cell Movement ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Mechanical Inoculation ◽  
Virus Life Cycle ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Lines Of Evidence

The responses of a collection of Arabidopsis thaliana eco-types to mechanical inoculation with turnip mosaic poty-virus were assessed. The virus induced characteristic severe symptoms of infection in systemically infected plants. Resistance was found in four ecotypes: Bay-0, Di-0, Er-0, and Or-0. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results of the resistant ecotypes suggested that ecotypes Di-0, Er-0, and Or-0 actually consist of mixed genotypes with resistances acting at different levels in the virus life cycle. Another form of resistance was found in ecotype Bay-0, for which several lines of evidence indicated an interference with viral cell-to-cell movement in the inoculated leaves.

scholarly journals Transmission by Olpidium brassicae of Mirafiori lettuce virus and Lettuce big-vein virus, and Their Roles in Lettuce Big-Vein Etiology

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 288-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hervé Lot ◽  
Robert N. Campbell ◽  
Sylvie Souche ◽  
Robert G. Milne ◽  
Piero Roggero
Keyword(s):  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Mechanical Transmission ◽  
Mechanical Inoculation ◽  
Resting Spores ◽  
Specific Antisera ◽  
Olpidium Brassicae ◽  
Vein Disease

Big-vein disease occurs on lettuce worldwide in temperate conditions; the causal agent has been presumed to be Lettuce big-vein virus (LBVV), genus Varicosavirus, vectored by the soilborne fungus Olpidium brassicae. Recently, the role of LBVV in the etiology of big-vein disease has been questioned because a second soilborne virus, Mirafiori lettuce virus (MiLV), genus Ophiovirus, has been found frequently in big-vein-affected lettuce. LBVV and MiLV, detectable and distinguishable by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using specific antisera, were tested for their ability to be transmitted from lettuce to lettuce by mechanical inoculation of sap extracts, or by zoospores of O. brassicae, and to cause big-vein disease. Both viruses were mechanically transmissible from lettuce to herbaceous hosts and to lettuce, but very erratically. LBVV was transmitted by O. brassicae but lettuce infected with only this virus never showed symptoms. MiLV was transmitted in the same manner, and lettuce infected with this virus alone consistently developed big-vein symptoms regardless of the presence or absence of LBVV. With repeated mechanical transmission, isolates of both viruses appeared to lose the ability to be vectored, and MiLV appeared to lose the ability to cause big-vein symptoms. The recovery of MiLV (Mendocino isolate, from Cali-fornia) from stored O. brassicae resting spores puts the earliest directly demonstrable existence of MiLV at 1990.

scholarly journals Botryosphaeria Stem Blight on Southern Highbush Blueberry in Florida

EDIS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norma C. Flor ◽  
Douglas A. Phillips ◽  
Philip F. Harmon
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Plant Pathology ◽  
Vascular Disease ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Southern United States ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Stem Blight ◽  
Pathology Department ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Southern Highbush

Botryosphaeria stem blight is the most common and damaging fungal vascular disease on southern highbush blueberry in the southern United States, causing stem and cane dieback and reductions in yield. Advanced stages of this disease may cause premature plant death, which results in significant replanting costs for growers. Biotic or abiotic stresses from a variety of sources can make plants more susceptible to infection by stem blight pathogens. This new 5-page publication is intended for Florida blueberry growers to use as a guide in the identification and management of Botryosphaeria stem blight on southern highbush blueberry. Written by Norma C. Flor, Douglas A. Phillips, and Philip F. Harmon and published by the UF/IFAS Plant Pathology Department. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pp347

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Diagnostic Algorithm Using Immunoglobulin M Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay To Differentiate Human West Nile Virus and St. Louis Encephalitis Virus Infections during the 2002 West Nile Virus Epidemic in the United States

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1130-1133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise A. Martin ◽  
Amanda Noga ◽  
Olga Kosoy ◽  
Alison J. Johnson ◽  
Lyle R. Petersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Diagnostic Algorithm ◽  
The United States ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
West Nile

ABSTRACT A diagnostic algorithm was developed to differentiate between human infections of West Nile virus (WNV) and St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) using positive-to-negative (P/N) ratios derived from the immunoglobulin M capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MAC-ELISA). To validate this algorithm, we tested 1,418 serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from confirmed WNV and SLEV infections collected during the WNV epidemic of 2002 in the United States. WNV P/N-to-SLEV P/N ratios (W/S ratios) were calculated and used to identify the infecting virus. These results were compared to results from the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT), which is currently the standard assay used to discriminate between closely related flavivirus infections. If the W/S ratio was ≥1, the predictive value positive (PNP) for WNV was 97.8%, where 95% of flavivirus cases were due to WNV infection and only 3.7% of specimens would require PRNT to differentiate WNV from SLEV infection. Use of the W/S ratio as part of the testing algorithm to interpret MAC-ELISA results generates reportable probable cases quickly, alleviating the need for PRNT in most instances.

scholarly journals Foliar Elemental Analysis of Southern Highbush, Rabbiteye, and Highbush Blueberries in the Southern United States

1994 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Clark ◽  
David Creech ◽  
Max E. Austin ◽  
M.E. “Butch” Ferree ◽  
Paul Lyrene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Southern United States ◽  
Southern States ◽  
Highbush Blueberries ◽  
Southern Highbush ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Nutritional Monitoring

Highbush (Vaccinium corymbosum L.), rabbiteye (V. ashei Reade), and southern highbush (Vaccinium spp.) blueberries grown at seven locations in six southern states were sampled in 1988 and 1989 to determine foliar elemental levels among blueberry cultivars and types. Across locations, elemental levels of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, and Al were similar for highbush and southern highbush types. Rabbiteye elemental levels were different from highbush and southern highbush for N, P, K, Ca, S, Mn, Cu, and Al. Rabbiteye blueberries appear to have different foliar levels, and may require species-specific standards for nutritional monitoring of plantings.

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