scholarly journals Root System Characteristics of Young Papaya Plants

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 604b-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Marler ◽  
Haluk M. Discekici
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Total Root Length ◽  
System A ◽  
Radial Spread ◽  
System Characteristics ◽  
Proportional Distribution

Excavation of field-grown `Red Lady' and `Tainung #2' papaya plants was begun 3 months after transplanting to the field to characterize development of the papaya root system. The roots were separated into the taproot system and lateral roots within three size categories: <1, 1 to 5, and >5 mm. Length of the taproot system and the larger lateral roots was measured directly, and that of the smaller roots was determined using the line-intersect method. Mass of the various size categories was measured after drying at 70°C. A typical plant 3 months after field-planting was ≈ 60 cm tall and exhibited a root system radial spread of 34,636 cm2, total root length of 9613 cm, and total dry mass of 17.3 g. The taproot system accounted for >70% of the mass and <5% of the length of the root system. Lateral roots <1 mm in diameter accounted for <10% of the mass and >70% of the length of the root system. A typical plant during the heavy fruit set stage, about 6 months after field planting, was 175 cm tall and exhibited a root system radial spread of 101,736 cm2, total root length of 975 m, and total dry mass of 539 g. The taproot system accounted for ≈38% of the dry mass and <1% of the length of the root system. Lateral roots <1 mm in diameter accounted for ≈5% of the dry mass and 65% of the length of the root system. Plant age influenced root system characteristics more than cultivar, especially the proportional distribution of mass and length among the defined root classes.

scholarly journals Root System Characteristics of Papaya Plants Grown on a Slope

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 685b-685
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Marler ◽  
Haluk M. Discekici
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Root Mass ◽  
Total Root Length ◽  
Primary Lateral ◽  
System Characteristics

`Red Lady' papaya transplants were planted on a slope with a 30% to 35% grade and grown for 5 months. Excavation was used to determine root distribution on the uphill and downhill sides of the plants. Roots were separated into the taproot system and lateral roots on the uphill and downhill sides. The line intersect method was used to determine length of the lateral roots, and length of the taproot system was measured directly. All roots were dried at 70°C. The taproot system accounted for 2% of the total root length and 66% of the total root mass. Of the 130-m of lateral roots, 71% were located on the downhill side. Similarly, 69% of the dry mass of the lateral root system was located on the downhill side. Primary lateral roots on the uphill side of each plant developed horizontally, but some secondary lateral roots developed against gravity to maintain a portion of the root system close to the surface of the slope. Some of these lateral roots developed at angles of 55° to 60° above the horizontal.

EFFECTS OF ALUMINIUM ON THE ADVENTITIOUS ROOT SYSTEM, AERIAL BIOMASS AND GRAIN YIELD OF MAIZE GROWN IN THE FIELD AND IN A RHIZOTRON

2006 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. COMIN ◽  
J. BARLOY ◽  
V. HALLAIRE ◽  
F. ZANETTE ◽  
P. R. M. MILLER
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Root System ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Adventitious Root ◽  
Adventitious Roots ◽  
Total Root Length ◽  
Al Tolerance ◽  
Root Branching ◽  
Four Levels

The aim of this work was to study the effects of soluble aluminium on the morphology and growth of the adventitious root system, aerial biomass and grain yield of maize (Zea mays). The analysis focuses on two hybrid cultivars (Al-sensitive HS7777 and Al-tolerant C525M). Experiments were carried out in the field and in a rhizotron in Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. In the field, four levels of lime application were used: T0 = 0 t ha−1, T1 = 3.5 t ha−1, T2 = 7.0 t ha−1, and T3 = 10.5 t ha−1. Two levels were used in a rhizotron: T0 and T3. In the surface horizon (0–15 cm), the Al concentrations of the soil solution were: T0 = 15, T1 = 5.1, T2 = 4.4, and T3 = 3.1 μM. In the field, neither Al concentration in the soil solution nor cultivar affected the number of primary adventitious roots per internode or the total number of primary adventitious roots. However, root diameter, plant population and grain yield of the two cultivars confirmed the differences in Al tolerance between them. Al was observed to have an adverse effect on the grain yield from C525M, while low yields from HS7777, at all levels of Al, precluded any response to liming. In the rhizotron studies, Al concentration and cultivar affected the root branching and total root length. Cultivar C525M had more branches and total root length than HS7777, mainly at low concentrations of soil Al solution, leading to greater spatial colonization of the soil down to 0.9 m depth.

scholarly journals Plasticity of the Root System Architecture and Leaf Gas Exchange Parameters Are Important for Maintaining Bottle Gourd Responses under Water Deficit

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1697
Author(s):  
Dinoclaudio Zacarias Rafael ◽  
Osvin Arriagada ◽  
Guillermo Toro ◽  
Jacob Mashilo ◽  
Freddy Mora-Poblete ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
System Architecture ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Root System Architecture ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Bottle Gourd

The evaluation of root system architecture (RSA) development and the physiological responses of crop plants grown under water-limited conditions are of great importance. The purpose of this study was to examine the short-term variation of the morphological and physiological plasticity of Lagenaria siceraria genotypes under water deficit, evaluating the changes in the relationship between the root system architecture and leaf physiological responses. Bottle gourd genotypes were grown in rhizoboxes under well-watered and water deficit conditions. Significant genotype-water regime interactions were observed for several RSA traits and physiological parameters. Biplot analyses confirmed that the drought-tolerant genotypes (BG-48 and GC) showed a high net CO2 assimilation rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rates with a smaller length, and a reduced root length density of second-order lateral roots, whereas the genotypes BG-67 and Osorno were identified as drought-sensitive and showed greater values for average root length and the density of second-order lateral roots. Consequently, a reduced length and density of lateral roots in bottle gourd should constitute a response to water deficit. The root traits studied here can be used to evaluate bottle gourd performance under novel water management strategies and as criteria for breeding selection.

scholarly journals Soybean Root Systems and Sudden Death Syndrome Severity: Taproot and Lateral Root Infection

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (9) ◽  
pp. 1011-1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loretta M. Ortiz-Ribbing ◽  
Darin M. Eastburn
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Death ◽  
Root System ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Sudden Death Syndrome ◽  
Root Infection ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Progress Curve

Experiments were conducted in the greenhouse to evaluate the role that infection location (taproot versus lateral root) plays in disease development of sudden death syndrome (SDS) on soybean (Glycine max) caused by the fungus Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines. Root characteristics of 12 soybean cultivars, representing a range of SDS reactions, were evaluated and compared for disease responses. A method was developed to facilitate taproot or lateral root infection. Results show that this procedure may be useful for observing a continuum of foliar and root disease responses. Significant differences in root length, surface area, and average diameter were observed among cultivars when infection occurred at the taproot or on the lateral roots. A significant correlation existed between foliar symptoms (i.e., area under the disease progress curve [AUDPC]) and root length, surface area, and volume for inoculated plants. Root volume and percent root discoloration were significantly different among individual soybean cultivars, and percent root discoloration was associated with AUDPC values only when the initial site of infection was on the lateral roots of soybean plants. Useful information about root system responses to SDS may be obtained from infection of the entire root system as opposed to only taproot infection.

scholarly journals Root Pruning Pin Oak Liners Affects Growth and Root Morphology

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Roger Harris ◽  
Alex Niemiera ◽  
Jody Fanelli ◽  
Robert Wright
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Substrate Surface ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Root Pruning ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Total Root Length ◽  
Optimum Depth ◽  
Quercus Palustris ◽  
Root:Shoot Ratios

Two experiments tested the effects of root pruning on growth during first-season production of pin oak (Quercus palustris Muenchh.). Experiment one tested the effect of root pruning developing radicles at 5, 10, or 15 cm (2, 4, or 6 inches) below the substrate surface. After 11 weeks, total root length was not affected by root pruning, but root-pruned seedlings had more main lateral [>2-mm (0.08-inch) diameter] roots than those that were not root pruned. Shallow pruning increased the number of main lateral roots. Experiment two tested the effect of initially producing plants in different-depth bottomless containers [5, 10, 15, or 20-cm (2, 4, 6, or 8-inch) depth] on growth after transplanting to #2 [6 L (1.6 gal)] containers. Shoot and root growth in #2 containers were lowest when plants were originally produced in 5-cm-deep containers. Plants with the greatest height and highest root:shoot ratios were obtained when plants were grown initially in 10-cm-deep containers. Predicted optimum depth of bottomless containers from regression equations ranged from 11.3 cm (4.5 inches) to 14.2 cm (5.5 inches) for the different growth parameters measured. The importance of these findings are: Pruning developing radicles of pin oak seedlings increases the number of main lateral roots but not overall root length. Growers can maximize growth in #2 containers by initially growing in 10-cm-deep bottomless containers before transplanting to #2 containers.

scholarly journals The root system of the husk tomato (Physalis ixocarpa Brot.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-383
Author(s):  
Juan Mulato Brito ◽  
Leszek S. Jankiewicz ◽  
Victor M. Fernández Orduňa ◽  
Francisco Cartujano Escobar
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Central Axis ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Small Roots ◽  
Husk Tomato

The husk tomato (<i>Physalis ixocarpa</i> Brot.) is widely cultivated in central Mexico, and may be grown in countries with a temperate climate. The experiment was set up during the dry period of the year (average weekly temperature 17-22°C) in the State of Morelos, Mexico, using the cv. 'Rendidora' in loamy clay soil and furrow irrigation. The roots were investigated by the pinboard method modified by Garcia Blancas and Grajeda Gómez (in print), partly adapted by us for quantitative estimation of root systems. Two plants were investigated every second week. They had a well developed tap root. Most of their lateral roots were found in the superficial soil layer, 0-20 cm. The root dry mass was also concentrated near the central axis of the plant. The majority of root apices were, however, found in the soil cylinders 10-40 em from the central axis. During the senescence of the aerial part (14th week after emergence) the root system lost a large part of its small roots. The modification of the pinboard method, by Garcia Blancas and Grajeda Gómez (in print) permited us investigating the root systems with very simple tools, in situ.

scholarly journals Genetic Bases of Root System Architecture in Durum Wheat Seedlings

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
Ghasemali Nazemi ◽  
Silvio Salvi
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Root System ◽  
System Architecture ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Root System Architecture ◽  
Total Root Length ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Significant Difference

Root system architecture (RSA) traits are characterized by constitutive genetic inheritance components which may enable to predict the root phenotypes based on genetic information. The research presented in this study aimed at the identification of traits and genes that underlie root system architecture (RSA) in a population of 176 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the cross between two durum wheat cvs. Meridiana and Claudio, in order to eventually contribute to the genetic improvement of this species. The following seedling-stage RSA traits were: primary root length, seminal root length, total root length, diameter of primary and seminal roots. Results of ANOVA showed a significant difference among durum wheat cultivars for all traits and the largest heritability was observed for total root length (30.7%). In total, 14 novel QTLs for RSA traits were identified, and both parents contributed favorable alleles to the population.International Journal of Life Sciences 10 (1) : 2016; 25-28

scholarly journals Analysis of Root System Architecture Affected by Swarming Behavior

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Songyang Li ◽  
Wenqi Yu ◽  
Xiaodong Liu ◽  
Miao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
System Architecture ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Root System Architecture ◽  
Behavior Model ◽  
Single Root ◽  
Swarming Behavior

AbstractThe root system architecture (RSA) displays complex morphological characteristics because of diverse root growth behaviors. Recent studies have revealed that swarming behavior among roots is particularly important for RSA to adapt to environmental stimuli. However, few models are proposed to simulate RSA based on swarming behavior of roots. To analyze plasticity of RSA affected by swarming behavior, we propose viewing it as a swarm of single roots. A swarming behavior model is proposed by considering repulsion, alignment, and preference of individual single roots. Then, the swarming behavior model is integrated into a simple and generic RSA model (called ArchiSimple). Lastly, characteristics of RSA affected by swarming behavior model and non-swarming behavior model are compared and analyzed under three different virtual soil sets. The characteristics of RSA (such as primary root length, lateral root length, lateral roots, and resource uptake) are significantly promoted by swarming behavior. Root system distributions can also be greatly affected by swarming behavior. These results show that root foraging and exploration in soil can be regarded as collective behavior of individual single root.

scholarly journals Phenotypic Diversity for Root Traits and Identification of Superior Germplasm for Root Breeding in Watermelon

HortScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 1272-1279
Author(s):  
Dennis N. Katuuramu ◽  
W. Patrick Wechter ◽  
Marcellus L. Washington ◽  
Matthew Horry ◽  
Matthew A. Cutulle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Root Surface Area ◽  
Total Root Length ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Diverse Range

Root traits are an important component for productive plant performance. Roots offer immediate absorptive surfaces for water and nutrient acquisition and are thus critical to crop growth and response to biotic and abiotic stresses. In addition, roots can provide the first line of defense against soilborne pathogens. Watermelon crop performance is often challenged by inclement weather and environmental factors. A resilient root system can support the watermelon crop’s performance across a diverse range of production conditions. In this study, 335 four-day-old watermelon (Citrullus spp.) seedlings were evaluated for total root length, average root diameter, total root surface area, and total root volume. Total root length varied from 8.78 to 181 cm (20.6-fold variation), total surface area varied from 2 to 35.5 cm2, and average root diameter and total root volume had an 8- and 29.5-fold variation, respectively. Genotypes PI 195927 (Citrullus colocynthis) and PI 674448 (Citrullus amarus) had the largest total root length values. Accessions PI 674448 and PI 494817 (C. amarus) had the largest total root surface area means. Watermelon cultivars (Citrullus lanatus) had a relatively smaller root system and significantly fewer fibrous roots when compared with the roots of the other Citrullus spp. Positive genetic correlations were identified among total root length, total root surface area, and total root volume. This genetic information will be useful in future breeding efforts to select for multiple root architecture traits in watermelon. Germplasm identified in this study that exhibit superior root traits can be used as parental choices to improve watermelon for root traits.

scholarly journals Desenvolvimento do capim vetiver cultivado em diferentes ambientes e adubado com esterco bovino

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (50) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Leonardo Oliveira Santos Medeiros ◽  
Maria Teresa Cristina Coelho Do Nascimento ◽  
Joelma Sales dos Dos Santos ◽  
Ilza Maria do Nascimento Brasileiro ◽  
Carlos Alberto Vieira de Azevedo
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Vetiver Grass ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Free Environment

<p>The objective of this work was to evaluate the development of vetiver grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides L. Roberty) cultivated in PVC columns and fertilized with bovine manure levels under different ambient conditions. The experiment was installed in a completely randomized design, with three replications, in a factorial scheme 5 x 2 being five levels of bovine manure (0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%) and two types of environments (free and protected environment with 80% opening shade), totalizing 30 experimental units. Evaluations were carried out regarding plant height and number of shoots to 15, 30, 45 and 60 days after transplanting (DAT). At 60 DAT at the end of the experiment, the plants were separated to determine the root length and the production of green and dry mass of the aerial part and the root. The results obtained showed that the absence of bovine manure contributed to the greater development of the root system of vetiver grass plants. The 10% level of bovine manure provided a greater number of sprouts and increase in the green mass of the aerial part and green dry mass of the root. The free environment provided the greatest development of vetiver grass plants.</p>

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