Geographical Influences on Morphological Variation in Rubus ursinus Subsp. macropetalus

Morphological variation was examined in 20 populations of Rubus ursinus subsp. macropetalus from British Columbia, Washington, and Oregon grown in a common garden. There was significant variability between and within populations for most traits studied. Principal component analyses separated populations along geographical clines for traits of horticultural significance. PC1 represented a general vigor component in all trials, and formed a negative correlation with elevation in four of five analyses (r = 0.60, 0.58, 0.50, 0.49; P < 0.05). Autumn leaf senescence tended to increase from west to east and with elevation. With higher elevation, there was a tendency for fruit weight to decrease, for later vegetative budbreak and fruit ripening, and for a shorter budbreak to first flower interval. From north to south, budbreak became somewhat earlier, cane spot susceptibility decreased, and budbreak to first flower interval increased. Characterization of this species will assist breeders to identify possible sources of cold hardiness, disease resistance, improved vigor, and acceptable fruit traits for the improvement of cultivated trailing blackberry.

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Distribution of the dwarf dog-faced bat Molossops temminckii (Chiroptera: Molossidae) in Colombia and comments on its morphometry

Mammalia ◽

10.1515/mammalia-2020-0051 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Julio J. Chacón-Pacheco ◽

Luis José Avendaño Maldonado ◽

Carlos Agamez-López ◽

Ingrith Yuliany Mejía-Fontecha ◽

Daniela Velásquez-Guarín ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South America ◽

Morphological Variation ◽

Principal Component ◽

The Other ◽

Cryptic Diversity ◽

Vocal Plasticity ◽

Morphometric Variation ◽

Integrative Analyses ◽

Principal Component Analyses

AbstractThe genus Molossops includes two species that are restricted to South America: Molossops neglectus and Molossops temminckii. The smaller dog-faced dwarf Molossops temminckii is distributed from Colombia to Argentina and has a wide morphological variation and vocal plasticity. In Colombia, this species remains poorly known. To fill distributional gaps, we present novel records from Arauca, Atlántico, Bolívar, Córdoba, and Huila departments. We also present an analysis of the morphometric variation in South America using Principal Component Analyses. These show an external and cranial difference of specimens of Colombia in respect of other and South America populations. In Colombian landscapes dominated by the floodplain savanna of the Orinoco region, Molossops temminckii is smaller than in the other regions of the country, and the previously suggested existence of cryptic diversity within the taxon should be evaluated. Therefore, we suggest further integrative analyses to investigate a possible subspecific status of some Colombian populations.

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Repeatability of fruit traits from two Hancornia speciosa populations from the core region of the Brazilian Cerrado

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2018000600007 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 53 (6) ◽

pp. 710-716 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Carlos Eduardo Lazarini da Fonseca ◽

Fernanda Monteiro de Morais ◽

Helenice Moura Gonçalves ◽

Fabiana de Gois Aquino ◽

Fernando Souza Rocha

Keyword(s):

Correlation Matrix ◽

Principal Component ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Fruit Traits ◽

Effective Selection ◽

Real Value ◽

Superior Genotypes ◽

Hancornia Speciosa ◽

Selection Of

Abstract: The objective of this work was to estimate the repeatability coefficients of mangaba (Hancornia speciosa) fruit traits, in order to define the number of fruit needed for an accurate selection of superior genotypes, as well as to conjecture about the nature of the phenotypic variation of these traits. Evaluations were performed for 160 fruit of 16 genotypes from two native H. speciosa populations of Goiás Velho and Padre Bernardo, in the state of Goiás, Brazil. Repeatability was estimated by the analysis of variance, principal component analyses based on covariance and on the correlation matrix, and structural analysis based on the correlation matrix. Repeatability estimates for fruit weight, diameter, and length, as well as seed number and weight, were of low magnitude, from 0.02 to 0.62, indicating low heritability. Repeatability estimates for ºBrix, titratable acidity, and ºBrix/acidity ratio were higher, from 0.34 to 0.91, indicating a low to potentially moderate heritability. The number of fruit for an effective selection of the best genotypes for titratable acidity, ºBrix, ºBrix/acidity ratio, and fruit weight is four for a 0.85 accuracy level. However, seven fruit would allow 0.90 accuracy for the same traits, and 0.85 accuracy for fruit length and diameter. The number and weight of seed per fruit are not effective for predicting the real value of a genotype.

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Variation of plant and fruit traits in native Mexican costeño pepper

Horticultura Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-053620180319 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 399-407

Author(s):

Eric G Santiago-Luna ◽

José C Carrillo-Rodríguez ◽

José L Chávez-Servia ◽

Catarino Perales-Segovia ◽

Elena Heredia-Garcia

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Principal Component ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Flowering Plant ◽

Average Weight ◽

Phenotypic Variance ◽

Fruit Traits ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Agronomic Potential

ABSTRACT In a collection of costeño peppers conserved by indigenous producers from the municipalities of Santa Maria Tonameca and Santo Domingo de Morelos, Oaxaca, Mexico, a description and classification of agromorphological variation was undertaken by characterization of 46 populations in a greenhouse distributed under complete randomized block design with three replicates. Days to first flowering, plant and fruit traits and yield per plant were evaluated. Significant differences were detected for all traits except for plant height at 120 days after planting. In a principal component analysis, the variables of green and dry weight of 15 fruits, average fruit weight, number of fruits and yield per plant were the characteristics with major descriptive value for the total phenotypic variance. In addition, two patterns of agromorphological variation were determined; for productivity, one was highly variable and integrated with pepper populations from La Oscurana, Villa Unión and San Juanito communities, and the other was integrated with less variable populations, such as those from Las Pilas. These phenotypic patterns were confirmed in a cluster analysis, where five phenotypic groups were statistically significantly different. Complementarily, an inverse relationship was determined between number of fruits per plant and average fruit weight in ten populations that presented high agronomic potential; a yield greater than 500 g per plant, more than 100 fruits per plant and an average weight greater than 3.9 g per fruit were detected.

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Genotypic Effects on Morphological Characterization of Fruit Traits in Mulberry

European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences ◽

10.24018/ejfood.2021.3.5.369 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (5) ◽

pp. 81-89

Author(s):

Faruque Ahmed ◽

Anwar Hossain ◽

Nasir Uddin Ahmed ◽

Md. Jahangir Alam ◽

Md. Shoriful Islam

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Morphological Variability ◽

Fruit Production ◽

Morphological Characterization ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Fruit Traits ◽

Light Yellow ◽

Wide Range ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design

The research was conducted to evaluate the morphological variability in fruits traits among the mulberry genotypes grown in Mulberry Germplasm Bank of Bangladesh Sericulture Research and Training Institute (BSRTI), Rajshahi, during 2018–2020. The aim of the research was to find out the genotypes accessibility for varietal improvement. Total 50 mulberry genotypes were morphologically characterized on fruit traits through this research. The experimental design was Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications and the plantation system was high bush. Each plot consists of 20 plants and unit plot size was 4 m × 5 m. Fruit colour, fruit taste and seed colour was determined. Nine distinct fruit colours such as reddish-black (23.33%), black-berry (18.33%), cream (10%), black (8.33%), white-cream (6.67%), pink (6.67%), pinkish (3.33%), orange (3.33%) and radish (1.67%) were observed among several germplasms. Remarkable variation was found in fruit taste such as sour sweet (28.33%), sweet (21.67%), light sweet (5%), light-sour sweet (5%) and deep sweet (5%), respectively. Five colored of seed viz: light yellow, light brown, yellowish brown, dark brown and blackish brown were observed among the germplasm. Length of the fruit diverse from 0.73 (BSRM-8) to 5.58 (BSRM-56 and widthfrom 0.52 (BSRM-8) to1.9 (BSRM-56),single fruit weight varied from 0.07 (BSRM-8) to 4.11 (BSRM-56), fruit weight per plant varied from 101.47 (BSRM-11) to 2250.43 (BSRM-56), seed setting (%) varied from 8.13 (BSRM-29) to 94.24 (BSRM-16), sprouting (%) varied from 36.67 (BSRM-22) to 96.67 (BSRM-38), rooting (%) varied from 13.89 (BSRM-22) to 98.33 (BSRM-10),achene number/fruit varied from 12.53 (BSRM-10) to118.10 (BSRM-56), seed number/fruit varied from 2.99 (BSRM-8) to 47.86 (BSRM-56) and 100 seed weight varied from 0.019 (BSRM-35) to 0.166 (BSRM-56), respectively. Results showed that the black-berry, sweet tasted fruited mulberry (BSRM-56), cream colored, sweet tasted fruited mulberry (BSRM-1) and white cream, sweet tasted fruited mulberry (BSRM-34) was promising on the basis of greatest fruit production potential to be appears for further commercial utilization. Generally, a wide range of variation was exhibited among the sampled and characterized genotypes.

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Genetic variability in bulgarian melon collection - flowering types and fruit quantitative traits

Genetika ◽

10.2298/gensr2102545i ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 53 (2) ◽

pp. 545-558

Author(s):

Zhana Ivanova ◽

Nikolay Velkov

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variability ◽

Principal Component ◽

Initial Step ◽

Sex Expression ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Breeding Program ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Fruit Traits ◽

Fruit Length ◽

Fruit Diameter

Cucumis melo L. is characterized with a great polymorphism according to many agronomical features. Study the variability of melon flowering and fruit traits is an initial step in the breeding program. The current study aimed to identify the genetic variability in the melon collection according to flowering and fruit traits in order to be used in breeding programs. It was evaluated fifty melon genotypes belong to different groups - cantalupensis, reticulatus, makuwa, inodorus, and agrestis. The studied collection consists of Bulgarian old cultivars, hybrids, landraces, PI, and introduced lines. Investigated genotypes were characterized by nine quantitative fruit traits - days to flowering, sex expression, days to ripening, fruit length, fruit diameter, flesh thickness, fruit weight, seed cavity diameter, and total soluble solids. It was established great variability in studied characteristics measured by a coefficient of variation from 7.73 to 39.85%. Significant correlations between fruit length, fruit diameter, flesh thickness, cavity diameter, and fruit weight were established. Principal component analysis grouped variables into three components which explain 69.89% of the total variation. Cluster analysis divided genotypes into six groups of similarities. Among the genotypes examined, they have a relatively high level of variability and their polymorphism could be used in a breeding program aimed at combining valuable characters.

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Exploring morphological variation in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum): A combined study of disease resistance, genetic divergence and association of characters

Agricultura tropica et subtropica ◽

10.1515/ats-2018-0008 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 51 (2) ◽

pp. 71-82 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Eric Bertrand Kouam ◽

Joseph Roger Dongmo ◽

Joseph Fovo Djeugap

Keyword(s):

Disease Resistance ◽

Plant Height ◽

Total Variation ◽

Quantitative Traits ◽

Principal Component ◽

Significant Negative Correlation ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Fruit Yield ◽

Yield Attributes ◽

Collar Diameter

Abstract Genetic variation of quantitative traits is a prevalent characteristic among cultivated tomato varieties. Twenty tomato genotypes comprising indigenous varieties and commercial cultivars, cultured in the Western Region of Cameroon were evaluated using fourteen quantitative traits for disease resistance, phenotypic divergence and heritability estimates. The experiment was carried out using a randomized completed blocks design with three replications. Data collections were disease characteristics, plant development features and yield attributes. The analysis of variance revealed significant variation among genotypes for all the experimental quantitative traits. Hybrid varieties had significantly more fruit yield (1066.00 g/plant), single fruit weight (57.28 g), fruit diameter (4.47 cm) and pericarp thickness (0.54 cm) compared to standard and indigenous varieties. These indigenous varieties were significantly more resistant to late blight, alternaria leaf spot and viral diseases. They also had significantly higher collar diameter (16.30 mm), number of primary branches per plant (8.45), number of fruit per plant (31.58) and plant height (88.33 cm) compared to standard and hybrid plants. The genotype local 2 was the third most productive (1576.39 g / plant) after Rio Semagri (1984.80 g/plant) and Sakato F1 (1691.69 g/plant). Heritability and genetic advance estimates were high for twelve of the fourteen studied quantitative traits. Fruit yield showed significant positive correlations with single fruit weight and number of fruit per plant. However, significant negative correlation was found between fruit yield and time to 50 % flowering, 50 % fruiting, 50 % maturity and viral disease. The first three and the first four components in the principal component analysis explained, respectively, 77.85 % and 88.38 % of the total variation observed among genotypes. The first component determined 41.42 % of the total variation, dominated by the collar diameter, the number of primary branches per plant and plant height. This study clearly indicated that indigenous varieties are the most disease resistant genotypes and are having substantial fruit yield (945.30 g/plant) similar to standard varieties and at a touching distance to hybrid cultivars.

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GENETIC DIVERGENCE AMONG Passiflora cristalina Vanderpl & Zappi. GENOTYPES BASED ON FLOWER AND FRUIT CHARACTERISTICS

Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura ◽

10.1590/0100-29452016491 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 38 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

GREICIELE FARIAS DA SILVEIRA ◽

ANA APARECIDA BANDINI ROSSI ◽

TATIANE LEMOS VARELLA ◽

MAURECILNE LEMES DA SILVA CARVALHO ◽

CAROLINA JOANA DA SILVA

Keyword(s):

Genetic Divergence ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Principal Component ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Fruit Characteristics ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Fruit Length ◽

Relative Contribution ◽

Cluster Methods

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the genetic divergence among Passiflora cristalina genotypes and quantify the relative contribution of 30 flower and fruit characteristics, seeking to support the preservation and characterization of genetic resources of the species for preservation and use in future breeding programs. We evaluated 150 fruit and 150 flowers collected in 15 genotypes with naturally occurring in the municipality of Alta Floresta, MT. The characterization of genotypes was performed through 30 morphological characteristics of flowers and fruits, 21 of these for flower and 9 for fruit. Data were evaluated using the principal components and cluster methods obtained by UPGMA method from the similarity matrix (Euclidian mean distance), using the Genes software. By principal component analysis, it has been found that the first three components have absorbed 52.11% of the accumulated variation. The characteristics that most contributed to the discrimination of genotypes were fresh fruit weight, stigma length, length of corona filaments, fruit width, petal width and pulp weight, which are more responsive for the selection of P.cristalina genotypes. Smaller contributions to diversity were obtained from anther width, bract width and fruit length. The smallest contributions for diversity were obtained from the following characteristics: anther width, bract width and fruit length. Through UPGMA clustering method, it was found that there is a large genetic divergence among genotypes analyzed because all genotypes were grouped with over 50% of dissimilarity. This study identified genotypes 4, 5 and 9 as the most divergent and therefore the most suitable for breeding in future breeding programs and genetic conservation of the species.

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Role of selection versus historical isolation in racial differentiation of ponderosa pine in southern Oregon: an investigation of alternative hypotheses

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x01-039 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 31 (7) ◽

pp. 1127-1139 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Frank C Sorensen ◽

Nancy L Mandel ◽

Jan E Aagaard

Keyword(s):

Transition Zone ◽

Pinus Ponderosa ◽

Ponderosa Pine ◽

Cold Hardiness ◽

Principal Component ◽

Common Garden ◽

The North ◽

The Pacific ◽

Alternative Hypotheses ◽

Highly Correlated

Continuous populations identified as Pacific and North Plateau races of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa P. Laws. ex C. Laws.) are parapatric along the crest of the Cascade Range in southern Oregon. A 3-year common-garden study of bud phenology and seedling vigor was performed to estimate the nature and magnitude of differentiation between races, to characterize the transition zone between them, and to relate responses between and within races to topography and climate. Principal component (PC) analyses identified two significant character complexes, PC-1 (phenological traits) and PC-2 (size traits), that explained 73% of the geographic race-related variation. The races were differentiated in two regards. First, PC-1 scores, which were highly correlated with frost-free season and summer-winter temperature differential, displayed a sharp discontinuity in the transition zone. Second, PC-2 scores were significantly correlated with physiographic and climatic variables in the North Plateau but not in the Pacific race, even though these variables had greater ranges in the latter. The data supported a narrow, adaptive transition between races for a complex of traits probably related to cold hardiness, and provided evidence that plant vigor traits were more closely adapted to environments in the North Plateau than in the Pacific region, possibly as a consequence of past climatic-stress selection in the former and competitive-stress selection in the latter.

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Morphological Characterization of Southern Jalisco, Mexico, Pomegranate Genotypes Using AFLP Markers

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11081449 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 1449

Author(s):

Ernesto Tapia-Campos ◽

Jessica del Pilar del Pilar Ramírez-Anaya ◽

Adriana Cavazos-Garduño ◽

Julio C. Serrano-Niño ◽

Javier Cuauhtémoc Fragoso-Jiménez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fruit Size ◽

Geographic Origin ◽

Principal Component ◽

Morphological Characterization ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Aflp Markers ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Polar Diameter ◽

Nutraceutical Properties

Pomegranate is gaining popularity because of its proved nutraceutical properties and is highly adaptable to different climates. In southern Jalisco, Mexico, 18 genotypes were characterized on the basis of fruit characteristics (21 traits) and AFLP (Amplified Fragment length polymorphism) markers. The first three components of a principal components analysis (PCA) explained 71.5% of the variation. The most important variables were related to fruit size and weight. Fruit weight, equatorial diameter, polar diameter, and rind and membrane weight were the variables that most contributed to principal component one (PC1) 46.4%. The variables juice per fruit, edible proportion, proportion of rind and membrane, and seed length contributed most to principal component two (PC2) 15.2%, while juice pH, weight of one seed, and aril width contributed the most to principal component three (PC3) 9.9%. With the six combinations of AFLP primers, 315 fragments were obtained (an average of 52.5 fragments per primer); of these, 229 were polymorphic (72.7% polymorphism). Grouping by both morphological traits and AFLP markers separated all the evaluated individuals so that there were no repeated genotypes. In both analyses, the grouping did not obey geographic origin of the genotypes (r = −0.35), suggesting that both techniques were useful and complementary in the characterization of pomegranate genotypes. The commercial cultivars Wonderful and Apaseo had low levels of similarity to genotypes from southern Jalisco. The level of polymorphism found and compared with the results obtained by other authors suggests that the pomegranate genotypes evaluated are highly polymorphic. We found broad genetic diversity that can be used in breeding programs.

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Agro-Morphological and Biochemical Characterization of Wild Prunus spinosa L. Subsp. dasyphylla (Schur) Domin Genotypes Naturally Grown in Western Black Sea Region of Turkey

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10111748 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 1748

Author(s):

Selma Kuru Berk ◽

Akgul Tas ◽

Erdal Orman ◽

Muttalip Gundogdu ◽

Tomas Necas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Black Sea ◽

Biochemical Characterization ◽

Principal Component ◽

Biochemical Properties ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Morphological Properties ◽

Black Sea Region ◽

Prunus Spinosa

In this study, agro-morphological, sensory and biochemical characteristics of 23 plum genotypes belonging to Prunus spinosa L. subsp. dasyphylla (Schur) Domin growing wild in the West Black Sea Region in Turkey were investigated. Agro-morphological, sensory and biochemical properties of genotypes were highly different from each other. Principal component analysis was performed to determine the correlation between these properties and genotypes. The variation in the study was determined to be 63.5% in agro-morphological properties, 53.8% in organic acids and 46% in phenolic compounds. In terms of fruit weight, 14BLM08 genotype (38.42 g) was determined to be superior to other genotypes. The fruit firmness value, which is important in the storage of fruits, was recorded as the highest in the 14BLM14 genotype (9.07 kg/cm2). Chlorogenic acid was higher than the other phenolic compounds and the highest value was obtained in the 14BLM20 (11.45 mg/kg) genotype. It was recorded that the value of malic acid, which is the major organic acid of the plums, varied between 269.65–1294.64 mg/100 g. Genotypes showed diverse vitamin C content, and the highest value was found in the 14BLM18 genotype as 54.42 mg/100g. Each genotype showed superiority according to the type of traits, and thus breeders may have used these genotypes as the superior ones for specific plum breeding purposes. In addition, these genotypes could be satisfactorily used in domestication.

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