scholarly journals A Strip-tillage System for Snap Beans

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 611c-611
Author(s):  
John Masiunas ◽  
Harry Bottenberg ◽  
Darin Eastburn ◽  
Catherine Eastman
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Snap Bean ◽  
Cereal Rye ◽  
Snap Beans ◽  
No Till ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Insect Populations ◽  
Strip Tillage ◽  
Residue Systems

Our previous research found that snap bean yields were reduced in cropping systems with cereal rye residues. Strip-tillage may overcome the yield reductions while providing the environmental advantages of high residue systems. An experiment was established at Champaign, Ill. `Wheeler' cereal rye was seeded in September at 110 kg·ha–1. The treatments were 1) conventional tillage with trifluralin, 2) rye without strips, 3) rye with fall-established strips, and 4) rye with spring-established strips. The rye was mowed 1 week before planting the snap beans. The spring strips were established in solid-seeded rye using a no-till planter, modified with extra culvers. It was difficult to maintain the fall-established strips after mowing. Weed control in the strips was problematic. Yields and insect populations were also determined.

scholarly journals Preference of Peponapis pruinosa (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) for Tilled Soils Regardless of Soil Management System

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 961-967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda R Skidmore ◽  
Clancy A Short ◽  
Chasity Dills ◽  
Karen Goodell ◽  
Ricardo T Bessin
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
No Till ◽  
Disturbed Soil ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Strip Tillage ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Peponapis Pruinosa ◽  
Ground Nesting

Abstract Concerns about global pollinator declines have placed a growing focus on understanding the impact of agriculture practices on valuable native pollinators in these systems. Cultivation practices such as tillage disturb agroecosystems and can have negative impacts on ground-nesting pollinators. The squash bee, Peponapis pruinosa (Say), is a ground-nesting specialist pollinator of Cucurbita (Cucurbitaceae) crops (i.e., pumpkins and squash) that often nests in agricultural fields and thus may be vulnerable to these practices. We investigated the impact of tillage on nesting behavior of P. pruinosa in plasticulture and strip-tilled squash systems. We used choice experiments to test nesting substrate preference and nesting success of caged P. pruinosa in two soil tillage systems: strip tillage and plasticulture. The strip tillage system comprised two tillage zones (strip-tilled row with no-till edges), and the plasticulture system comprised two tillage zones (plastic bed and conventional tillage edge). The results of our study indicate that P. pruinosa nesting density did not significantly differ between the strip tillage and plasticulture systems. Within each system, P. pruinosa preferred excavating nests in the most disturbed soil zones (strip-tilled row and conventionally tilled edge). In the strip tillage system, the strip-tilled row had significantly more nests than the no-till edge. Results of these studies suggest that soil tillage practices can influence P. pruinosa nesting choice and production practices should be considered when developing a pollinator protection plan.

INCIDENCE AND CONTROL OF PEST INSECTS IN CONVENTIONAL AND NO-TILLAGE SNAP BEANS

1989 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Sherrod ◽  
H. P. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Surface Damage ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Insecticide Treatment ◽  
Snap Bean ◽  
Snap Beans ◽  
No Till

Snap bean insect pests, including the potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae Harris, soybean thrips, Sericothrips variabilis Beach, bean leaf beetle, Ceratoma trifurcata Forster, and the Mexican bean beetle Epilachna varivestis Mulsant, were monitored in conventional and no-tillage snap bean plots during the 1981–1983 growing seasons. Plots were split for insecticide versus no-insecticide treatment. Insecticide sprays effectively reduced insect pest populations in both tillage regimes during all three years. Thrips population levels were consistently higher in untreated no-till plots compared to untreated conventional tillage plots. Densities of other insect pest species were variable across tillages over years. Surface damage to bean pods at harvest was greater in untreated no-till plots in two of the three years and similar the third year when compared to untreated conventional tillage plots. Insecticide treatment programs should reduce surface pod damage in the production of no-tillage snap beans.

Corn Forage Production in No‐Till and Conventional Tillage Double‐Cropping Systems 1

1977 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 635-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. Nelson ◽  
R. N. Gallaher ◽  
M. R. Holmes ◽  
R. R. Bruce
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Double Cropping ◽  
No Till

scholarly journals Impact of direct seeding mulch-based cropping systems on soil nematodes in a long-term experiment in Madagascar

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 949-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cécile Villenave ◽  
Bodovololona Rabary ◽  
Jean-Luc Chotte ◽  
Eric Blanchart ◽  
Djibril Djigal
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Living Mulch ◽  
Long Term Experiment ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Kikuyu Grass ◽  
Structure Indices

The objective of this work was to assess the effects of conventional tillage and of different direct seeding mulch-based cropping systems (DMC) on soil nematofauna characteristics. The long-term field experiment was carried out in the highlands of Madagascar on an andic Dystrustept soil. Soil samples were taken once a year during three successive years (14 to 16 years after installation of the treatments) from a 0-5-cm soil layer of a conventional tillage system and of three kinds of DMC: direct seeding on mulch from rotation soybean-maize residues; direct seeding of maize-maize rotation on living mulch of silverleaf (Desmodium uncinatum); direct seeding of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)-soybean rotation on living mulch of kikuyu grass (Pennisetum clandestinum). The samples were compared with samples from natural fallows. The soil nematofauna, characterized by the abundance of different trophic groups and indices (MI, maturity index; EI and SI, enrichment and structure indices), allowed the discrimination of the different cropping systems. The different DMC treatments had a more complex soil food web than the tillage treatment: SI and MI were significantly greater in DMC systems. Moreover, DMC with dead mulch had a lower density of free-living nematodes than DMC with living mulch, which suggested a lower microbial activity.

Reduced chemical input cropping systems in the Southeastern United States: III. Economic analysis

1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry D. King ◽  
Dana L. Hoag
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Crimson Clover ◽  
Continuous Corn ◽  
No Till ◽  
Clover Seed ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Input Level

AbstractThis study evaluated the profitability of several cropping systems during a 10-year period of an experiment comparing rotations and levels of purchased inputs. Continuous corn or sorghum, corn/wheat-soybean (2-year), and corn/wheat-soybean/corn/clover hay (4-year) were managed with recommended fertilizer and pesticide rates and no-till planting (C) or with N from legumes, conventional tillage, and cultivation for weed control (L). Medium input management (M: medium rate of N and banded herbicides) was included during years 5 through 10. Generally, corn was the least profitable crop, regardless of input level or type of rotation. Rotating crops improved profit more than did adding inputs to continuous corn. With L, average annual profit was: continuous corn, -$64/ha; 2-year rotation, $135/ha; and 4-year rotation, $158/ha. With C, the 2-year rotation increased profit to $165/ha from -$119/ha with continuous corn. The increased profit with rotations was due to greater profits from wheat, soybean, and hay offsetting low or negative profit from corn. Sorghum (grown only in monoculture) was more profitable with L ($34/ha) than with C (-$20/ha). During the 6 years when all input levels were compared, the order of average profit was M>L>C with continuous corn. Generally, profit was not increased by M compared with L in the 2-and 4-year rotations. With L, the cost of weed control was 20% of that for C with corn and 44% with soybean. Cost of N from fertilizer was $0.66/kg, but cost of N from crimson clover (seed and planting costs) averaged $0.92/kg when clover was drilled, $1.27/kg when aerially seeded, and $0.16/kg when naturally reseeded.

EFFECT OF REDUCED TILLAGE AND MINERAL FERTILIZER APPLICATION ON MAIZE AND SOYBEAN PRODUCTIVITY

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. KIHARA ◽  
A. BATIONO ◽  
B. WASWA ◽  
J. M. KIMETU ◽  
B. VANLAUWE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residue ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Continuous Maize

SUMMARYReduced tillage is said to be one of the potential ways to reverse land degradation and ultimately increase the productivity of degrading soils of Africa. We hypothesised that crop yield following a modest application of 2 t ha−1 of crop residue in a reduced tillage system is similar to the yield obtained from a conventional tillage system, and that incorporation of legumes in a cropping system leads to greater economic benefits as opposed to a cropping system involving continuous maize. Three cropping systems (continuous maize monocropping, legume/maize intercropping and rotation) under different tillage and residue management systems were tested in sub-humid western Kenya over 10 seasons. While soybean performed equally well in both tillage systems throughout, maize yield was lower in reduced than conventional tillage during the first five seasons but no significant differences were observed after season 6. Likewise, with crop residue application, yields in conventional and reduced tillage systems are comparable after season 6. Nitrogen and phosphorus increased yield by up to 100% compared with control. Gross margins were not significantly different among the cropping systems being only 6 to 39% more in the legume–cereal systems relative to similar treatments in continuous cereal monocropping system. After 10 seasons of reduced tillage production, the economic benefits for our cropping systems are still not attractive for a switch from the conventional to reduced tillage.

scholarly journals Weeds occurrence in areas submitted to distinct winter crops

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 747-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Concenço ◽  
C.J. Silva ◽  
L.A. Staut ◽  
C.S. Pontes ◽  
L.C.A.S. Laurindo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Absolute Level ◽  
Oilseed Crops ◽  
No Till ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Winter Crops ◽  
Winter Fallow

In the Western Region of Brazil, it is usual to have two agricultural harvests in the same cropping season. Usually the first crop is soybean, followed by corn. In areas where corn is not planted due to a delayed harvest of soybean, farmers generally do not use winter crops. For these areas, the planting of winter oilseed crops aiming at the production of bio-fuels is one of the best alternatives; in addition, this would help in reducing the occurrence of weed species at the following summer crop. This study aimed to assessing the weed community in distinct winter crops post soybean crop, in terms of species composition, level of infestation and severity of occurrence. The following treatments were evaluated: agriculture under a no-till system with winter fallow, winter oilseed crops (crambe, radish, rapeseed) with no-till agriculture in the summer, and agriculture under a conventional tillage system with winter fallow. Phytosociological evaluations of all treatments were carried out 75 DAE of the oilseed crops, and the diversity indexes of Margalef, Menhinick, Simpson, and Shannon-Weiner were determined. Areas were also grouped by cluster analysis based on UPGMA applied at Jaccard's similarity matrix. Among the treatments with winter coverage, radish was the most efficient crop in suppressing the occurrence of weed species. The area with conventional tillage agriculture and winter fallow allowed for a higher occurrence of troublesome weeds. On the other hand, the area under fallow showed the highest absolute level of infestation. Overall, oilseed crops in the winter contribute to lower levels of infestation by weed species in these areas.

scholarly journals Evolution of some components of agroecosystems productivity from Vinga Plain in water stress situations

2010 ◽  
pp. 174-179
Author(s):  
Daniel Dicu ◽  
Iacob Borza ◽  
Dorin Tarau
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
System Level ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
No Till ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
On Line ◽  
New Interactions ◽  
The Impact

The researches are inscribed on line of substantiation of durable agricultural system, having main objective the prominence ofquantitative and qualitative modifications made on agro-system level under the effect of no-tillage system for wheat, maize and soybeans.The experimental field is placed on a cambium chernozem, with a medium content of clay, dominant in the Prodagro West Arad agrocentreand representative for a large surface in the Banat-Crisana Plain.The passing to no-till system change the structure of technological elements, through less soil works, so the impact on agro-system isdifferent comparing with conventional tillage, first less the intervention pressure on agro-system ant secondly appears new interactions, newequilibriums and disequilibriums.Considering the evolution of soil humidity, the observations made monthly (by taking soil samples and laboratory determinations) forthe three cultures showed that in the no-till system, there are more uniform values in the soil profile, and in the variants where the deep workof soil was made it could be observed a low increase of the water volume in the soil.

scholarly journals Soil macrofauna associated with cover crops in an Oxisol from the southwest of Piauí state, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Djavan Pinheiro Santos ◽  
Robélio Leandro Marchão ◽  
Ronny Sobreira Barbosa ◽  
Juvenal Pereira da Silva Junior ◽  
Everaldo Moreira da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Soil Macrofauna ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Sole Cropping

ABSTRACT: The soil macrofauna is fundamental for the maintenance of soil quality. The aim of this study was to characterize the soil macrofauna under different species of cover crops, including monoculture or intercropping associated to two types of soil management in the southwest region of Piauí state. The study was carried out in an Oxisol (Latossolo Amarelo, according to Brazilian Soil Classification System) in the municipality of Bom Jesus, Piauí, distributed in 30 m2 plots. Testing and evaluation of the soil macrofauna were conducted in a 9 × 2 strip factorial design, with combinations between cover crops/consortia and soil management (with or without tillage), with four replications. Soil monoliths (0.25 × 0.25 m) were randomly sampled in each plot for macrofauna at 0‒0.1, 0.1‒0.2, and 0.2‒0.3 m depth, including surface litter. After identification and counting of soil organims, the relative density of each taxon in each depth was determined. The total abundance of soil macrofauna quantified under cover crops in the conventional and no-tillage system was 2,408 ind. m-2, distributed in 6 classes, 16 orders, and 31 families. The results of multivariate analysis show that grass species in sole cropping systems and no-tillage presents higher macrofauna density, in particular the taxonomic group Isoptera. No-tillage also provided higher richness of families, where Coleoptera adult were the second more abundant group in no-tillage and Hemiptera in conventional tillage.

scholarly journals Stand, Growth, and Yield of Snap Beans in Conventional Tillage and No-till Hairy Vetch Mulch

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 465C-465
Author(s):  
Aref A. Abdul-Baki ◽  
John R. Teasdale
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Hairy Vetch ◽  
Vicia Villosa ◽  
Snap Beans ◽  
No Till ◽  
Average Plant ◽  
Water Holding

Stand, plant growth, and yield were determined on `Matador' and `Carlos' snap beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) that were planted as a summer crop in a 3-year study using conventional tillage (CT) and no-till hairy vetch (Vicia villosa L. Roth) mulch (HV) systems. The CT plots received (kg·ha–1) 67 N as ammonium nitrate at preplanting and both CT and HV plots received (kg·ha–1) 17N–34P–17K with the planter. Stand differences between CT and HV were not significant. Average yields in CT and HV over a 3-year period were 13.3 and 19.8 t·ha–1, respectively. Average plant dry mass 2 days before harvest was not significantly different between CT and HV. Leaf area per plant 2 days before harvest was 1992 and 3092 cm2 in CT and HV, respectively. Higher yield in the HV mulch system, as compared to CT, can be attributed to larger leaf area per plant, higher soil organic matter and water-holding capacity, and less soil compaction in the HV plots.

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