Reduced chemical input cropping systems in the Southeastern United States: III. Economic analysis

1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry D. King ◽  
Dana L. Hoag
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Crimson Clover ◽  
Continuous Corn ◽  
No Till ◽  
Clover Seed ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Input Level

AbstractThis study evaluated the profitability of several cropping systems during a 10-year period of an experiment comparing rotations and levels of purchased inputs. Continuous corn or sorghum, corn/wheat-soybean (2-year), and corn/wheat-soybean/corn/clover hay (4-year) were managed with recommended fertilizer and pesticide rates and no-till planting (C) or with N from legumes, conventional tillage, and cultivation for weed control (L). Medium input management (M: medium rate of N and banded herbicides) was included during years 5 through 10. Generally, corn was the least profitable crop, regardless of input level or type of rotation. Rotating crops improved profit more than did adding inputs to continuous corn. With L, average annual profit was: continuous corn, -$64/ha; 2-year rotation, $135/ha; and 4-year rotation, $158/ha. With C, the 2-year rotation increased profit to $165/ha from -$119/ha with continuous corn. The increased profit with rotations was due to greater profits from wheat, soybean, and hay offsetting low or negative profit from corn. Sorghum (grown only in monoculture) was more profitable with L ($34/ha) than with C (-$20/ha). During the 6 years when all input levels were compared, the order of average profit was M>L>C with continuous corn. Generally, profit was not increased by M compared with L in the 2-and 4-year rotations. With L, the cost of weed control was 20% of that for C with corn and 44% with soybean. Cost of N from fertilizer was $0.66/kg, but cost of N from crimson clover (seed and planting costs) averaged $0.92/kg when clover was drilled, $1.27/kg when aerially seeded, and $0.16/kg when naturally reseeded.

Selecting Cost-Minimizing Herbicide Programs for Corn (Zea mays)

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Rolf Olsen ◽  
Jayson K. Harper ◽  
William S. Curran
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Programming Approach ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Corn Production ◽  
No Till ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Herbicide Programs

A computer model which selects least cost herbicide programs given a minimum desired level of weed control could provide growers with economical weed management options. Using an integer programming approach, a herbicide selection model was developed for corn production under Pennsylvania conditions. Models for three rotations (corn-soybean, corn-corn, and corn-alfalfa) under three tillage systems (conventional tillage, reduced tillage, and no-till) that evaluated 21 soil-applied and 13 postemergence herbicide options for 24 weeds were developed. Each model minimizes the cost of a herbicide program subject to a desired level of weed control. By selecting the weed species to be controlled and the level of control desired, customized herbicide programs can be generated. The models can also be used to evaluate the cost of changing the level of control desired for an individual weed species or set of weeds.

Reduced chemical input cropping systems in the southeastern United States. II. Effects of moderate rates of N fertilizer and herbicides, tillage, and delayed cover crop plow-down on crop yields

1994 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 162-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry D. King
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Green Manures ◽  
No Till ◽  
Recommended Practices ◽  
One Year

AbstractIn a previous study of reduced chemical cropping systems (N from legumes; chisel plow and disk tillage; cultivation for weed control) in the southeastern U.S., corn and wheat yields were less than half those obtained with recommended practices. The following practices were studied as possible ways to improve yields in the reduced chemical systems: 1) conventional tillage (chisel plowing and disking), inorganic Nat 70 or 140 kg/ha, and either cultivation or herbicides; 2) early versus late plow-down of clover green manures; 3) supplemental inorganic N fertilizer on corn and wheat in rotations relying on clover green manures for N; and 4) nicosulfuron herbicide banded on corn.Yield of soybean in the rotations was not affected by any of these practices. With herbicides and fertilizer N at 140 kg/ha, continuous corn yields with no-till and conventional tillage were equal in 1990 and 1992, but no-till yield was 30% higher in 1991. When cultivation was used for weed control in the conventional tillage treatment, corn yield was similar to that of no-till with herbicide in the one year when rain was plentiful (yield 6000 kg/ha). However, in 2 of 4 dry years, yields (<2600 kg/ha) were higher with no-till. Clover biomass consistently increased by between 700 and 3500 kg/ha when plow-down was delayed from mid-April to early or mid-May (13 to 26 days). However, biomass N content increased significantly (by between 35 and 90 kg/ha) in only 2 of 5 years. Corn yields were affected in only 2 of 12 possible comparisons. In these cases, delayed clover plow-down reduced yield by about 50%. Supplementing corn with 45 kg N/ha and banding nicosulfuron increased yields, but only to between 62 and 84% of yields with recommended practices. Supplementing wheat with 45 kg N/ha increased yields by half, but only to between 40 and 60% of the yields with 90 kg N/ha.

Corn Forage Production in No‐Till and Conventional Tillage Double‐Cropping Systems 1

1977 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 635-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. Nelson ◽  
R. N. Gallaher ◽  
M. R. Holmes ◽  
R. R. Bruce
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Double Cropping ◽  
No Till

Effect of Tillage Systems on the Efficacy and Phytotoxicity of Imazaquin and Imazethapyr in Soybean (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Anthony Mills ◽  
William W. Witt
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Adequate Control ◽  
No Till ◽  
Herbicide Treatment ◽  
Giant Foxtail

Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the interactions of tillage systems with imazaquin and imazethapyr on weed control and soybean injury and yield. Control of jimsonweed, common cocklebur, ivyleaf morningglory, velvetleaf, and giant foxtail from imazaquin and imazethapyr in conventional tillage was generally equal to or greater than control in no-tillage. However, under limited rainfall, weed control in no-tillage was generally equal to or greater than control in conventional tillage. Reductions in soybean heights due to herbicide treatment were evident in both tillage systems in 1985 and 1986 but not in. Soybean yields were reduced in 1985 from imazaquin at 140, 210, and 250 g/ha and imazethapyr at 105 and 140 g/ha. Yields were not reduced in 1986 and. Imazaquin and imazethapyr appear to provide adequate control of jimsonweed, common cocklebur, ivyleaf morningglory, velvetleaf, and giant foxtail in conventional and no-till systems.

Weed Management in Conventional- and No-Till Soybean Using Flumioxazin/Pyroxasulfone

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kris J. Mahoney ◽  
Christy Shropshire ◽  
Peter H. Sikkema
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
No Till ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Excellent Control ◽  
Almost All

Eleven field experiments were conducted over a 3-yr period (2010, 2011, and 2012) in conventional- and no-till soybean with a flumioxazin and pyroxasulfone premix. PRE and preplant applications were evaluated for soybean injury, weed control, and yield compared to standard herbicides. Early-season soybean injury from flumioxazin/pyroxasulfone ranged from 1 to 19%; however, by harvest, soybean yields were similar across labeled rates (160 and 200 g ai ha−1), standard treatments, and the nontreated control. Flumioxazin/pyroxasulfone provided excellent control (99 to 100%) of velvetleaf, pigweed species (redroot pigweed and smooth pigweed), and common lambsquarters across almost all rates tested (80 to 480 g ai ha−1). Common ragweed, green foxtail, and giant foxtail control increased with flumioxazin/pyroxasulfone rate. The biologically effective rates varied between tillage systems. The flumioxazin/pyroxasulfone rate required to provide 80% control (R80) of pigweed was 3 and 273 g ai ha−1under conventional- and no-till, respectively. For common ragweed, the R80was 158 g ai ha−1under conventional tillage; yet, under no-till, the rate was nonestimable. The results indicate that flumioxazin/pyroxasulfone can provide effective weed control as a setup for subsequent herbicide applications.

scholarly journals Simulating the Capacity of Rainfed Food Crop Species to Meet Social Demands in Sudanian Savanna Agro-Ecologies

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 827
Author(s):  
Marcos Jiménez Martínez ◽  
Christine Fürst
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
West African ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Crop Models ◽  
No Till ◽  
Growing Conditions

West African land use systems have been experiencing one of the fastest transformations in the world over recent decades. The Sudanian savanna is an interesting example, as it hosts the cultivation of some crops typical of the Guinean savanna as well as some of the Sahel. Therefore, this region is likely to experience further changes in its crop portfolio over the next decades due to crop migration processes responding to environmental change. Simulation approaches can guide the development of agricultural production strategies that contribute to sustainably optimize both food and fuel production. This study used crop models already available in the APSIM platform to simulate plant production and the soil water and nutrient cycles of plots cultivated with groundnut, millet, sorghum, maize, and rice on three (two upland and one lowland) soil fertility classes and subjected to five levels of management (conventional tillage without residue incorporated to the soil and nor fertilizer application; conventional tillage without residue incorporated to the soil and 5 kg N ha−1; conventional tillage with residue incorporated to the soil 20 kg N ha−1, and no-till herbicide treated with 50 and 100 kg N ha−1). Simulation outputs were contrasted against data reported in the literature and converted into nutritional, fuel and feed yields based on the qualities and uses of their different plant comparments. Groundnut yields outperformed all of the cereals across most growing conditions, nutritional and feed indicators. Maize and rice provided the highest caloric yields, with the least fertile growing conditions. Sorghum provided average to high caloric and iron yields across all of the treatments. Millet provided the highest iron yields and high fuel yields across most treatments. Some simulated treatments could not be compared against literature review data because of their absence in actual cropping systems and the lack of experimental data. Plant production was simulated with higher accuracy than the other components of the simulation. In particular, there is a need to better parameterize and validate the rice, groundnut and millet models under Sudanian savanna conditions in order to perform more accurate comparative assessments among species.

Influence of Tillage Systems on Annual Weed Densities and Control in Solid-seeded Soybean (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas D. Buhler ◽  
Edward S. Oplinger
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
No Till ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Chisel Plow ◽  
And Control

Field research was conducted at Arlington, WI, and Janesville, WI, in 1986 and 1987 to evaluate the effect of conventional-tillage, chisel plow, and no-till systems on the density and control of annual weed species in solid-seeded soybean. Common lambsquarters densities were not greatly influenced by tillage systems, but redroot pigweed densities were generally highest in the chisel plow system. Conventional tillage always had greater velvetleaf densities than no-till and no-till always had greater giant foxtail densities than conventional tillage. Giant foxtail and redroot pigweed became more difficult to control when tillage was reduced, while velvetleaf became less of a problem. This response was not observed with all herbicide treatments evaluated and several herbicide treatments provided excellent weed control. Soybean yield was not affected by tillage systems under weed-free conditions and differences in soybean yield appeared to be due to differences in weed control.

Economie analysis of alternative cropping systems for a bean/wheat rotation on light-textured soils

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. K. Yiridoe ◽  
A. Weersink ◽  
R. C. Roy ◽  
C. J. Swanton
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Productive Capacity ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Kidney Beans ◽  
No Till

Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) has been the predominant cash crop grown on sandy soils of southern Ontario, but the area cropped has fallen significantly with the decline in tobacco demand. Crops such as beans and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) are technically feasible alternatives, but their yields have been highly variable. Cover crops and conservation tillage are approaches that may increase the productive capacity of sandy soils while reducing the environmental impact of present production systems. In this study, yields, costs and net returns of three bean-winter wheat cropping systems were evaluated under conventional tillage and four variations of no-till systems differentiated by the type of cover crop. The three beans considered were soybeans (Glycine max L. Merr.), white beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Average yields of the three beans grown under conventional tillage were consistently lower than those of the four no-till treatments, but the differences were significant in only a few years. Total production cost for the bean crops was $96 ha−1 lower for the no-till treatments than for conventional tillage. Average net returns for the rotation involving kidney beans were approximately $100 ha−1 higher than those involving white beans and $330 ha−1 higher than soybeans. Conventional tillage produced the lowest net returns within each of the bean/wheat rotations. Key words: Conventional tillage, no-till, bean, net returns

scholarly journals SOCIOECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF NO-TILL IN WHEAT CROPPING SYSTEM: A CASE STUDY IN ALGERIA

New Medit ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amar Rouabhi ◽  
Abdelmalek Laouar ◽  
Abdelhamid Mekhlouk ◽  
Boubaker Dhehibi
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Work Time ◽  
System A ◽  
No Till

This paper aimed at the socioeconomic appraisal of two cropping systems namely no-till and tilled wheat in Sétif region (Algeria). The study based on a sample of 28 adherent farms in an international project of Conservation Agriculture adoption for smallholders in North Africa. Economic diagnosis showed that no-till system performed best with a gross margin difference of $ 84/ha in comparison with conventional tilled wheat. Moreover, no-till recorded less work time and fuel consumption, with 241minutes/ha and 42 liters/ha against 624 minutes/ha and 99 liters/ha for conventional tillage. Though, no-till still faced some local social and technical constraints that are relatively easy to overcome. If Algeria put forward its best efforts through increasing no-till in the suitable zones, many objectives could be achieved in the context of preserving natural resources and building up farming sustainability. It could be also a key solution for “Intended Nationally Determined Contribution” (INDCs) schemes to meet Algerian commitments regarding “Paris Agreement” on climate change.

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