scholarly journals EARLY PERFORMANCE OF THE NC-140 APPLE CULTIVAR/ROOTSTOCK TRIAL: GROWTH AND YIELD, 1990–1995

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 749e-749
Author(s):  
Curt R. Rom ◽  
R. Andy Allen
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Apple Cultivar ◽  
Cumulative Yield ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Early Performance ◽  
Very High ◽  
Size Controlling

`Empire', `Smoothee', `Jonagold', and `Rome Beauty' apple cultivars (CV) on five size-controlling rootstocks, Bud.9, M.9 EMLA, M.26 EMLA, Mark, and Ott.3, were planted in Fayetteville, Ark., in 1990 as a complete block design with six replications. Although interactions for several growth variables were observed in 1990–93, there were no cultivar–rootstock interactions in 1994, 1995, or for cumulative yield. After six seasons' growth, CV did not significantly affect any growth variable. Trees on M.26 and M.9 were the largest, while trees on Mark were significantly smaller for both tree height and TCA; trees on Ott.3 and Bud.9 were intermediate. `Smoothee' had the greatest cumulative yield, while both `Jonagold' and `Rome Beauty' had significantly less; `Empire' yield was intermediate. Trees on Ott.3 and M.26 had larger cumulative yields than other stocks, which were all similar. Trees on Mark had the greatest yield/TCA, while M.9 and M.26 had the least yield/TCA; Ott.3 and B.9 were intermediate. Trees on Mark had very high levels of foliar Mn and exhibited symptoms of Mn-induced internal bark necrosis.

scholarly journals Preliminary Performance of Six Scab-resistant Apple Cultivars in Northwestern New Jersey

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 843C-843
Author(s):  
Winfred P. Cowgill ◽  
M.H. Maletta ◽  
W.H. Tietjen ◽  
J. Compton ◽  
D. Polk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cumulative Yield ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Resistant Cultivars ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Apple Cultivars

Six scab-resistant apple cultivars, Enterprise (CO-OP 30), CO-OP 36, Liberty, Freedom, Nova-Ez-Grow, and NY-754 were propagated on M.26 EMLA. Trees were planted in 1990 in a randomized complete-block design with six replications, five trees per replication. `Empire'/M.26 EMLA was the control cultivar. Tree spacing was 3 m apart in the row and 6 m between rows. Trees were individually staked and trained to a modified spindle bush. Precocity, bloom counts, tree height and width, TCA, cumulative yield efficiency, and fruit quality have been determined annually. `CO-OP 36', `Enterprise', and `Liberty' had significantly higher cumulative yields in 1993–94 than the other cultivars. The same three also had significantly superior fruit quality characteristics. `Liberty' was the most precocious of the scab-resistant cultivars, very similar to `Empire'. `Liberty' was also the weakest-growing cultivar, followed by `Empire'.

scholarly journals Early Performance of Two Apple Cultivars in Three Training Systems

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 1004-1007 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Ferree
Keyword(s):  
Training System ◽  
Cumulative Yield ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Training Systems ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
Slender Spindle ◽  
Flower Density ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Early Performance

In 1987, `Smoothee Golden Delicious' (`Smoothee') and `Lawspur Rome Beauty' (`Lawspur') apple (Malus domestica Borkh,) trees were planted and trained as central leaders or palmette leaders on M.7 and Mark rootstocks or were planted as slender spindles on Mark rootstocks. `Smoothee' trees were larger and had consistently greater yields and production per unit trunk cross-sectional area (TCA) than `Lawspur' trees. Slender spindle trees had lower early yields per tree and TCA but had greater cumulative yields per hectare than trees in the other training systems. In the fifth and sixth growing seasons, `Smoothee' trained as palmette leaders tended to have higher yields per hectare then central leader trees. Training system had little influence on `Lawspur' tree yields. Limb bending in 1989 increased flower density in 1989 and 1990. Cumulative yield per hectare increased 11% as a result of limb bending of trees on Mark rootstock, but bending had no influence on trees on M.7 rootstock. `Smoothee' on Mark had higher cumulative yields per hectare with the palmette leader and central leader than either `Smoothee' on M.7 in either training system or any combination with `Lawspur'.

scholarly journals THE RESPONS ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF OKRA (Abelmoschus Esculentus (L.) Moench) PLANTS USING SUBSTRATE HYDROPONIC SYSTEM IN VARIOUS EC VALUE OF NUTRITION SOLUTIONS AND TYPES OF PLANTING MEDIA

Agrivet ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yogi Adiyasa Febriantara ◽  
Ellen Rosyelina Sasmita ◽  
Endah Budi Irawati
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Hydroponic System ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
The Right ◽  
Very High

Okra (Abelmoschus esculantus) L. Moench), is an important vegetable that grows in the tropical and sub-tropical parts of the world. Okra plants contain very high nutritional value (at 100 g of young okra fruit containing 35 g of calories, 89.6 g of water, 6.4 g of carbohydrates, 1.9 g of protein, 0.4 g of fat, 1.2 g of fiber, 0 , 7 g of minerals). In Indonesia, okra plants have not been widely cultivated and the cultivation method has not used the right technology, so it is necessary to examine the proper cultivation methods of Okra. This study aims to determine the EC value of the most optimal nutrient solution and the effect of the type of planting media that is best on the growth and yield of okra plants. The research was carried out in plastic houses located in Pondok, Karangbendo, Banguntapan, Bantul, Yogyakarta in May to August 2018. Experiments using polybag with a Complete Randomized Block Design (RAKL) Split Plot two factors were repeated 3 times. The first factor as the main plot is the EC value of nutrient solution (C1: EC value 1.5 mS / cm, C2: EC value 2 mS / cm, C3: EC value 2.5 mS / cm) and the second factor as sub plot is type planting media (M1: Husk charcoal, M2: Sand Malang, M3: Husk charcoal + Cocopeat (1:1). The results showed that there was no interaction between the treatment of giving various EC values of nutrient solution and type of planting media. The treatment of various EC values of nutrient solution and type of planting media significantly affected the parameters of plant height growth, leaf area, root volume, flowering age, stem diameter, parameters of total fruit yield per plant, fresh weight per fruit, total fruit weight per plant, fruit weight per Ha. The treatment of giving EC values of 2.0 mS / cm showed suitable results for the growth and yield of okra plants. The treatment of the type of husk charcoal growing media showed suitable results for the growth and yield of okra plants.Keywords: Okra Plant, Substrate Hydroponic, Planting Media, Solution EC Value

scholarly journals Growth and Structural Development of Tectona grandis in Different Cultivation Systems in Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Reginaldo A. Medeiros ◽  
Carlos A. R. Domiciano ◽  
Vitor Leseux ◽  
Alvaro A. V. Soares ◽  
Antonio A. Tsukamoto Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Diameter Distribution ◽  
Structural Development ◽  
Silvopastoral Systems ◽  
Cultivation System ◽  
Cultivation Systems ◽  
Seed Origin

The objective of the research was to assess the growth and structural changes of clonal and seed-origin teak trees in monoculture and agroforestry systems. The experiment was established in a randomized complete block design with six replicates. Eight treatments were etablished consisting of combinations of two propagation types (clonal and seed-origin), two types of cultivation systems until the age of 24 months (monoculture and taungya system with maize) and two types of cultivation system after 24 months of age (monoculture and silvopastoral systems). The data were analyzed by modeling the growth and yield, diameter distribution and diameter class ingrowth. The technical age of thinning was then determined by the percent entries method. Independent of the cultivation system, clonal trees presented greater tree height and diameter than seed-origin trees. Regarding the cultivation systems, systems ending in a monoculture phase presented greater tree height and diameter than systems ending in a silvopastoral phase. In terms of structure, represented by the evolution of diameter distribution, seed-origin trees and systems ending in a silvopastural phase resulted in flatter and broader distributions than clonal trees and final monoculture phase. Overall, the technical age of the first thinning varied from 6 to 9 years, being earlier for clonal trees in monoculture and later for seed-origin trees in systems ending in a silvopastoral phase. The slower growth and greater variability in silvopastoral systems with seed-origin teak tree can be attributed to the genetic variability of the trees associated competition with the brachiaria grass, which also made the plants more susceptible to the attack of pests.

scholarly journals The Effects of Rootstocks and Training Systems on the Early Performance of ‘0900 Ziraat’ Sweet Cherry

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 573-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erdal AGLAR ◽  
Kenan YILDIZ ◽  
Lynn Edwards LONG
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Training System ◽  
Cumulative Yield ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Training Systems ◽  
Leader Training ◽  
Early Performance ◽  
And Training

The effects of three rootstocks (‘Gisela 5’, ‘Gisela 6’ and ‘MaxMa 14’) and three training systems (Spanish bush, Steep leader and Vogel central leader) on early performance of ‘0900 Ziraat’ sweet cherry were compared. There have been significant differences among both rootstocks and training systems in terms of tree heights. At the end of the fourth year, while the height of the trees grafted on ‘Gisela 5’ was 238.3 cm, those grafted on ‘MaxMa 14’ reached 266.4 cm in height. While the shortest tree height was obtained from Spanish bush system, heights of the trees in Steep leader and Vogel central leader training systems were found to be at similar levels. ‘Gisela’ 5 had lower trunk cross section area (TCSA) than ‘Gisela 6’ and ‘MaxMa 14’ rootstocks. Among three systems, trees trained to Steep leader had the highest TCSA, followed by Spanish bush and Vogel central leader. Interactions were found between rootstock and training system for yield and yield efficiency. On ‘Gisela 6’, cumulative yield of Vogel central leader system (17.0 g/tree) was significantly higher than Spanish bush (14.8 g/tree) and Steep leader (12.6 g/tree). On the other hand, on ‘MaxMa 14’, there were not significant differences in cumulative yield per tree among training systems. On ‘Gisela 5’ and ‘Gisela 6’, the highest yield efficiency were observed in trees trained as Vogel central leader. Yield efficiency of Vogel central leader (0.49 kg cm-²) was two time higher than those of Spanish bush (0.29 kg cm-²) and Steep leader (0.26 kg cm-²) on ‘Gisela 6’. The weight of fruits from trees grafted on ‘Gisela 5’ was lower than those from trees on ‘Gisela 6’ and ‘MaxMa 14’. In the fourth year, while the average fruit weight was 5.86 g on ‘Gisela 5’, it was 6.00 and 6.25 g on ‘Gisela 6’ and ‘MaxMa 14’ rootstocks respectively.

A 10-YEAR TRIAL OF SEVEN APPLE CULTIVARS ON MALLING 26 ROOTSTOCK

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 661-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. A. PROCTOR ◽  
W. F. PIERCE ◽  
A. HUTCHINSON
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Malus Pumila ◽  
Cumulative Yield ◽  
Malus Pumila Mill ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Total Crop ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Crop Area

Cumulative yield per tree for seven apple (Malus pumila Mill.) cultivars on Mailing 26 (M.26) grown on sandy loam showed that Spartan, Idared, Mutsu, Red Delicious and McIntosh had similar cropping ability. Crops on Northern Spy and Tydeman’s Red were light. Tree height ranged from 2.8 to 3.7 m and tree spread from 3.1 to 4.1 m. The mean relative cropping efficiency to the 10th yr (total crop ÷ area of trunk cross-section) was of the order Spartan > Idared > McIntosh > Tydeman’s Red > Mutsu > Red Delicious > Northern Spy. Fruit on Mutsu and Northern Spy were larger than on the other cultivars.

scholarly journals Effect of Amending Acid Oxisols Using Basalt Dust, Tithonia diversifolia Powder and NPK 20-10-10 on Garlic (Allium sativum) Production in Bafut (Cameroon Volcanic Line)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Primus Azinwi Tamfuh ◽  
Pierre Wotchoko ◽  
Asafor Henry Chotangui ◽  
Alice Magha ◽  
Djibril Gus Kouankap Nono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Tithonia Diversifolia ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Cameroon Volcanic Line ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Very High

Aims: To compare the effects of basalt dust, Tithonia diversifolia (T. diversifolia) powder and NPK 20-10-10 on the growth and production of Garlic (Allium sativum, softneck variety) in Bafut (Cameroon Volcanic Line). Study Design: A randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications in the field was used. The treatments were T0 (control), T1 (0.7 tons ha-1 NPK 20-10-10), T2 (0.4 tons ha-1 basalt), T3 (0.6 tons ha-1 basalt) and T4 (0.5 tons ha-1 T. diversifolia powder). Place and Duration of Study: The study conducted in Bafut (Cameroon) from 2nd August 2017 to 24th February 2018. Methodology: Fieldwork involved land preparation, planting and collection of growth and yield parameters as well as rocks and soil sampling. Laboratory work involved soil physicochemical analysis and cutting of rock thin sections for microscopic observations. The plant data were subjected to statistical and economic analyses. Results: The control soil (T0) showed a sandy clayey loamy texture, acidic pH (5.1), very high organic carbon (6.4%), low total nitrogen (0.2%) and moderate available phosphorus (19.42 mg                kg-1). The exchangeable complex revealed high K+ (0.88 cmol (+).kg-1), very low Ca2+ (0.63 cmol (+).kg-1) and Mg2+ (0.21 cmol (+).kg-1), low Na+ (0.07 cmol (+). kg-1), very low sum of exchangeable bases (1.79 cmol (+).kg-1), moderate cation exchange capacity (CEC) (22.7 cmol (+). kg-1) and a very low base saturation (7.88%). C/N ratio was very high (35>17) indicating very poor quality organic matter and a potentially very slow mineralization rate. Growth and yield parameters, except fruit number, were such that T2>T3>T4>T1>T0. T2, T3 and T4 plants gave high yields while T1 recorded the lowest yields below the control. The net yield showed that T3>T4>T2>T0>T1 suggesting that basalt dust and T. diversifolia powder improved soil fertility that in turn boosted yields. Economically, T1 had a BCR (benefit-to-cost ratio)<1 indicative of no profit, while T2, T3 and T4 showed a BCR>2 indicating more than 100% profit of the investment and a possibility of popularization of these treatments. Conclusion: Natural basalt dust and T. diversifolia powder treatments gave better garlic yields indicating a better soil fertilizing capacity compared to synthetic NPK 20-10-10. Basalt dust and T. diversifolia can be popularized to local inhabitants.

scholarly journals Effect of Certain Rootstocks on Vegetative, Reproductive Growth and Yield of Cashew Cultivars

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
P. Janani ◽  
J. D. Adiga ◽  
D. Kalaivanan
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plant ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Growth Habits ◽  
Planting System

Vigour reduction through dwarf rootstocks is an essential element of high density planting systems. Cashew is a vigorous evergreen perennial woody plant that is traditionally cultivated in a low density planting system. The present investigations were carried out at ICAR-Directorate of Cashew Research, Puttur, Karnataka, India to find out the effects of vigour controlling rootstocks on vegetative growth and yield of cashew cultivars. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with twelve combinations of scion/rootstock with three replications. Different growth habits of four cashew varieties scions (Ullal-3, VRI-3, NRCSel-2 and Vengurla-4) grafted on two dwarfing rootstocks (NRC-492 and Taliparamba-1) and one vigorous rootstock (Vengurla-4) were studied. The results revealed that various stionic combinations varied to growth and yield parameters. Significant interactions indicated that Taliparamba-1 (dwarfing rootstock) with VRI-3 consistently reduced the growth and vigour based on their lower mean tree height, plant volume, TCSA and canopy spread. Stionic combination of VRI-3/ NRC 492 recorded the highest cumulative nut yield of 16.77 kg/ tree (5 seasons of cropping). Based on observation on growth and yield of various stionic combinations revealed that NRC 492 could be used as a rootstock to induce semi dwarfism with a higher nut yield.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Pruning Levels on the Results of Several Chili Plant Varieties (Capsicum annuum L)

MAPETARI ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
Irma Lisa Sridanti ◽  
Fitri Susanti
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Capsicum Annuum L ◽  
The People ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Food Needs ◽  
Very High ◽  
High Support

The success of agricultural development has provided very high support for meeting the food needs of the people of Indonesia, but it is realized that behind these successes there are weaknesses that need to be corrected. Varieties consist of a number of different genotypes, where each genotype has the ability to adapt to the environment. Each variety has a genetic that can affect growth and yield, and the ability to adapt to different varieties. Pruning is an attempt to eliminate some parts of the plant, this is usually related to the cutting of parts of the plant that are diseased, unproductive, or unwanted. The purpose of crop trimming by controlling or directing plant growth is produced. This study aims to look at the effectiveness of peroide trimming on the yield of several chili plant varieties (Capsicum annuum L).                This research was conducted in Sumber Bening village, Selupu Rejang Sub-district from July to October 2016. The chili varieties used in this study were F1, Belinda F1 and Samido F1. This study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 2 factors and 3 replications. Data were analyzed using Variety Analysis (Anava). From the results of the analysis that the Jitu variety has better results than Belinda and Samido varieties. It is assumed that the 30% pruning rate is the ideal level of pruning against growth in plant height, number of fruits and weight of fruit. The treatment of varieties against pruning has no significant effect on all variables

scholarly journals 317 PERFORMANCE OF FOUR APPLE CULTIVARS GRAFTED ON FOUR ROOTSTOCKS

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 475g-476
Author(s):  
Raymond L. Granger ◽  
Shahrokh Khanizadeh ◽  
Yvon Groleau
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Cumulative Yield ◽  
Second Best ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Apple Cultivars

In 1988 a randomized complete block design with five blocks was used to evaluate the performance of four cultivars (`Empire', `Cortland', `Summerland McIntosh' and `Lobo') grafted on four rootstocks {Budagovsky(Bud.)9, Malling(M.)7,Ottawa(O.)3 and Malling Merton(M.M.)111}. The sixteen cultivar-rootstocks combinations were planted randomly at 2.5m apart in the row. The distance between the rows was 5m. The trees have been trickle irrigated every year and came into bearing in 1990. On the basis of cumulative yield efficiency the combination `Lobo'/O.3 was significantly superior to all others. The second best performer was `Empire'/O.3 followed by `Lobo'/Bud9. `Empire'MM.111, `Summerland McIntosh'/M.M.111, `Cortland'/M.M.111, `Summerland McIntosh'/M.7 and `Empire'/M.7 had the least cumulative yield efficiency. Generally the cultivar `Lobo' was superior to others and O.3 was the best rootstock followed by Bud.9, M.7 and M.M.111.

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