Growth and Structural Development of Tectona grandis in Different Cultivation Systems in Brazil

The objective of the research was to assess the growth and structural changes of clonal and seed-origin teak trees in monoculture and agroforestry systems. The experiment was established in a randomized complete block design with six replicates. Eight treatments were etablished consisting of combinations of two propagation types (clonal and seed-origin), two types of cultivation systems until the age of 24 months (monoculture and taungya system with maize) and two types of cultivation system after 24 months of age (monoculture and silvopastoral systems). The data were analyzed by modeling the growth and yield, diameter distribution and diameter class ingrowth. The technical age of thinning was then determined by the percent entries method. Independent of the cultivation system, clonal trees presented greater tree height and diameter than seed-origin trees. Regarding the cultivation systems, systems ending in a monoculture phase presented greater tree height and diameter than systems ending in a silvopastoral phase. In terms of structure, represented by the evolution of diameter distribution, seed-origin trees and systems ending in a silvopastural phase resulted in flatter and broader distributions than clonal trees and final monoculture phase. Overall, the technical age of the first thinning varied from 6 to 9 years, being earlier for clonal trees in monoculture and later for seed-origin trees in systems ending in a silvopastoral phase. The slower growth and greater variability in silvopastoral systems with seed-origin teak tree can be attributed to the genetic variability of the trees associated competition with the brachiaria grass, which also made the plants more susceptible to the attack of pests.

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EFFECTS OF CULTIVATION SYSTEMS AND CULTIVARS ON GROWTH AND YIELD PERFORMANCE OF JAPANESE EGGPLANT IN THAILAND

Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences ◽

10.18006/2021.9(1).36.43 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 36-43

Author(s):

Karistsapol Nooprom ◽

◽

Niranee Bueraheng ◽

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Agricultural Technology ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

High Yield ◽

Cultivation System ◽

Cultivation Systems ◽

Organic Cultivation ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Organically Managed ◽

Black Beauty

In the current study impacts of different cultivation systems and Japanese eggplant cultivars on their growth and yield were determined. Four Japanese eggplant cultivars viz., ‘Fullness’, ‘Black Beauty’, ‘Wasedaimaru’ and ‘Israel’ were grown under two systems of organic and conventional cultivations from 2 April to 16 July 2018 at the Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Songkhla Rajabhat University, Muang, Songkhla. The experimental arrangement used in this study was split-plots design (SPD) within a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. Results of the study indicated that ‘Wasedaimaru’ and ‘Fullness’ were suitable for growing under the organically managed production. ‘Wasedaimaru’ grown under an organic cultivation system had a lower yield per plant at 4,444.00g than grown under conventional chemical cultivation at 6,848.40g. The organic yield was not significantly different (p≤0.05) from ‘Fullness’ grown under organic cultivation at 3,947.40g. ‘Wasedaimaru’ and ‘Fullness’ were identified as suitable cultivars for production under organic cultivation in Thailand with high yield.

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Metabolism of carbohydrates in Estilosantes cv. Campo Grande under different systems of cultivation and nitrogen fertilization

Acta Scientiarum Agronomy ◽

10.4025/actasciagron.v41i1.42711 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

pp. e42711

Author(s):

Florence Taciana Veriato Coura ◽

Daniela Deitos Fries ◽

Daniel Lucas Santos Dias ◽

Renata Rodrigues Jardim Souza ◽

Adriane Pereira da Silva dos Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Block Design ◽

Invertase Activity ◽

Reducing Sugar ◽

F Test ◽

Cultivation System ◽

Cultivation Systems ◽

Randomized Block Design

The objective of this study was to verify the activity of invertases in Estilosantes under the influence of cultivation systems and nitrogen fertilization in two seasons. The experiment was conducted in the Xaraés area, where Estilosantes was planted according to a 2 x 2 factorial scheme with two cultivation systems (monoculture and mixed pasture) in the absence or presence of fertilization (75 kg of N ha-1). A randomized block design with four replications was used. The neutral cytosol (Inv-N), vacuole acid (Inv-V) and cell wall acid (Inv-CW) invertase activity and reducing sugar contents in the leaves and stems were evaluated and analyzed by a 5% probability F-test. The interaction between cultivation systems and nitrogen fertilization was significant for Inv-N in the leaves in the summer, such that greater activity occurred in response to the mixed pasture system and nitrogen fertilization. Nitrogen increased the activity of the Inv-N in the stem in both periods, increased the activity of Inv-V in the leaf in the summer, and decreased the activity of Inv-CW in the fall. This cultivation system influenced the activity of Inv-N regardless of the period of the year and did not interfere with the activities of the acid invertases. The invertases did not show regular changes in relation to nitrogen fertilization.

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Performance of cucumber hybrids cultivated in coconut fiber and soil

Horticultura Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-05362014000100014 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 86-90 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Renata Castoldi ◽

Rafaelle F Gomes ◽

Hamilton CO Charlo ◽

Danilo M Melo ◽

Leila T Braz

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Production Traits ◽

Coconut Fiber ◽

Marketable Yield ◽

Soil Culture ◽

Cultivation System ◽

Cultivation Systems ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Fruit Diameter ◽

Japanese Group

The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of three Japanese group cucumber hybrids, which were cultivated in two cultivation systems. The experiment was designed in a split-plot randomized block design with two cultivation systems (coconut fiber and soil) for commercial Japanese cucumber hybrids ('Tsuyataro', 'Yoshinari' and 'Nankyoku'). After harvesting the cucumbers, we evaluated the number of marketable fruits per plant, the average fruit length, the mean fruit diameter, the bottom fruit diameter, the marketable production of fruits per plant and the marketable yield per hectare. There were significant interactions between the cultivation system and the hybrid, as indicated by the number of marketable fruits. The Nankyoku hybrid had the highest average (14.54 fruits pl-1), although it did not differ from the Yoshinari hybrid when grown in coconut fiber. In soil culture, the Yoshinari hybrid had the highest average number of fruits per plant (10.12 fruits pl-1) and did not differ from the Tsuyataro hybrid. Cultivation in coconut fiber provided better results for production traits and plant productivity. 'Yoshinari' and 'Nankyoku' were the most productive hybrids. Based on the cucumber cultivation results from a protected environment, the cultivation of hybrid Japanese cucumbers and Yoshinari and Nankyoku hybrids in coconut fiber is recommended.

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Effect of Certain Rootstocks on Vegetative, Reproductive Growth and Yield of Cashew Cultivars

Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology ◽

10.9734/cjast/2020/v39i1630728 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

P. Janani ◽

J. D. Adiga ◽

D. Kalaivanan

Keyword(s):

Woody Plant ◽

Block Design ◽

Essential Element ◽

Tree Height ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Low Density ◽

Yield Parameters ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Growth Habits ◽

Planting System

Vigour reduction through dwarf rootstocks is an essential element of high density planting systems. Cashew is a vigorous evergreen perennial woody plant that is traditionally cultivated in a low density planting system. The present investigations were carried out at ICAR-Directorate of Cashew Research, Puttur, Karnataka, India to find out the effects of vigour controlling rootstocks on vegetative growth and yield of cashew cultivars. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with twelve combinations of scion/rootstock with three replications. Different growth habits of four cashew varieties scions (Ullal-3, VRI-3, NRCSel-2 and Vengurla-4) grafted on two dwarfing rootstocks (NRC-492 and Taliparamba-1) and one vigorous rootstock (Vengurla-4) were studied. The results revealed that various stionic combinations varied to growth and yield parameters. Significant interactions indicated that Taliparamba-1 (dwarfing rootstock) with VRI-3 consistently reduced the growth and vigour based on their lower mean tree height, plant volume, TCSA and canopy spread. Stionic combination of VRI-3/ NRC 492 recorded the highest cumulative nut yield of 16.77 kg/ tree (5 seasons of cropping). Based on observation on growth and yield of various stionic combinations revealed that NRC 492 could be used as a rootstock to induce semi dwarfism with a higher nut yield.

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Pengaruh Kombinasi Beberapa Jenis Bokashi dan Mulsa Terhadap Hasil Lobak

Agrotek ◽

10.30862/agt.v3i1.551 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Siska Syaranamual

Keyword(s):

Raphanus Sativus ◽

Block Design ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Plastic Mulch ◽

Transparent Plastic ◽

Cultivation System ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Raphanus Sativus L ◽

Set Up

<em>Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) is popular in the world as a root vegetable. In Indonesia, the yield of radish is low due to several factors such as the cultivation system. Fertilization and mulching are among the cultivation system which are widely known to improve crop growth and yield. The research aimed to study the effect of bokashi-fertilizer and mulch combination on yield of radish (Raphanus sativus L.). A field experiment was conducted at the Experimental Garden of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology Faculty, The State University of Papua, Manokwari. This experiment was set up in a randomized block design, consisting of three kinds of bokashi namely firewood/ashwood-bokashi (B1), firewood-bokashi (B2), ashwood-bokashi (B3) and four kinds of mulches consist of transparent plastic mulch (M1), black/silver plastic mulch (M2), gliricida mulch (M3) and imperata mulch (M4). The overall treatments were as follows: control, B1M1, B1M2, B1M3, B1M4, B2M1, B2M2, B2M3, B2M4, B3M1, B3M2, B3M3, B3M4. The results show that yield of radish was not affected by application of the bokashi and mulch combination. Even though, no statistically significant, the application of bokashi and mulch increased plant fresh weight by 59%, tuber fresh weight per plant 61.28%, leaf weight 45.79%, tuber length 19.38% and tuber diameter 22.38% compared to control.</em>

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Assessment of Scope and Efficiency of Off-Season Rice Straw Mushroom (Volvariella volvacea L.) Cultivation in Coastal Odisha

Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology ◽

10.9734/cjast/2020/v39i2730917 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 28-34

Author(s):

N. Mahapatra ◽

F. H. Rahman ◽

P. Mishra ◽

T. R. Sahoo ◽

S. N. Mishra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rice Straw ◽

Block Design ◽

Mushroom Cultivation ◽

Cultivation System ◽

Cultivation Systems ◽

Net Returns ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Straw Mushroom ◽

Current Scenario ◽

Yield Maximization

A field experiment was conducted in the farmers’ field in Ratanpur, Marshaghai block of Kendrapara district in Odisha, an adopted village of Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Kendrapara under the National Innovations in Climate-Resilient Agriculture (NICRA) project with the objective of determining the productivity of rice straw mushroom in off-season (Month of November) under different cultivation systems. Keeping in view the need to develop more resilient technology for farmers to combat the current scenario of changing climate and market demands along with generation of additional income, the possibility of growing this tropical mushroom during winter month was tested. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with 4 number of treatments and 6 replications with ten beds (blocks) taken in each replication. The treatments undertaken were as follows, T1- Rice straw mushroom cultivation in shade net, T2- Rice straw mushroom cultivation in poly house, T3- Rice straw mushroom cultivation in thatched roof and T4- Outdoor Rice straw mushroom cultivation. It was concluded from the findings that poly house system outperformed the other three cultivation systems i.e. shade net, thatched house and open situations in terms of yield maximization, gross and net return during the off-season (November). The poly house system produced 10.8 - 76.4% higher yield in comparison to other three systems with increased net returns and B:C ratio of 1.78 suggesting it to be the best cultivation system for off-season production of rice straw mushroom.

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Effect of Rust (Uromyces Phaseoli Var. Vignae) Infection on Photosynthetic Efficiency, Growth and Yield Potentials of Cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata L. Walp) in an Open Field System

Global Journal of Science Frontier Research ◽

10.34257/gjsfrcvol20is2pg49 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 49-61

Author(s):

S. M. A. Tagoe ◽

T. A. Mensah ◽

A. T. Asare

Keyword(s):

Net Photosynthetic Rate ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Photosynthetic Rate ◽

Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Rust Fungus ◽

Block Design ◽

Leaf Tissue ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Cropping Season

Cowpea rust fungus affects photosynthetic rate and physiological performance of the host plant through the induction of structural changes in the host cell. The study assessed the effects of rust fungus onnet photosynthetic efficiency and yield performance of cowpea genotypes under field conditions. The experiment was conducted in the minor cropping season following a randomized complete block design outlay with three replications. Chlorophyll fluorescence of healthy leaves and rust-infected leaves of each cowpea genotype was determined by a non-destructive method.Rust disease severities of the infected leaves were assessed based ona diagrammatic scale. The effect of rust on the net photosynthetic rate was quantified by the model Px / Po = (1 – x)β. Growth and yieldtraits of the cowpea genotypes and correlation between seed yield and photosynthetic efficiency were determined. The cowpea genotypes responded differently to rust infection as expressed in net photosynthetic rates,growth, and yield. The pathogen impaired photosynthetic efficiency of leaf tissue beyond the observed diseased leaf area. Seed yield was more closely related to the βestimate than that observed for the relative net photosynthetic rate.

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EARLY PERFORMANCE OF THE NC-140 APPLE CULTIVAR/ROOTSTOCK TRIAL: GROWTH AND YIELD, 1990–1995

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.31.5.749e ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 31 (5) ◽

pp. 749e-749

Author(s):

Curt R. Rom ◽

R. Andy Allen

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Tree Height ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Apple Cultivar ◽

Cumulative Yield ◽

Apple Cultivars ◽

Early Performance ◽

Very High ◽

Size Controlling

`Empire', `Smoothee', `Jonagold', and `Rome Beauty' apple cultivars (CV) on five size-controlling rootstocks, Bud.9, M.9 EMLA, M.26 EMLA, Mark, and Ott.3, were planted in Fayetteville, Ark., in 1990 as a complete block design with six replications. Although interactions for several growth variables were observed in 1990–93, there were no cultivar–rootstock interactions in 1994, 1995, or for cumulative yield. After six seasons' growth, CV did not significantly affect any growth variable. Trees on M.26 and M.9 were the largest, while trees on Mark were significantly smaller for both tree height and TCA; trees on Ott.3 and Bud.9 were intermediate. `Smoothee' had the greatest cumulative yield, while both `Jonagold' and `Rome Beauty' had significantly less; `Empire' yield was intermediate. Trees on Ott.3 and M.26 had larger cumulative yields than other stocks, which were all similar. Trees on Mark had the greatest yield/TCA, while M.9 and M.26 had the least yield/TCA; Ott.3 and B.9 were intermediate. Trees on Mark had very high levels of foliar Mn and exhibited symptoms of Mn-induced internal bark necrosis.

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Growth and yield performance of lettuce (Lactuca sativa Linn) under protected and conventional cultivation

Annals of Tropical Research ◽

10.32945/atr39sb11.2017 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 137-143

Author(s):

Nelda Gonzaga ◽

Sarah Lyn Pepito ◽

Renan Octavio ◽

Apolinario Gonzaga ◽

Gordon Rogers

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

The Philippines ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Cultivation System ◽

Protected Cultivation ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Main Plot ◽

Protective Structures ◽

Head Type ◽

Crown Size

Protected cultivation is not widely used in the Philippines, despite its known benefits, because of lack of uptake by farmers who have not seen the benefits demonstrated in their region. Furthermore, lettuce can be a difficult crop to grow in the Philippines, where heavy rains can damage the delicate leafy crop. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of different lettuce varieties when grown under protected structures that prevent rain entry. The study was laid out in split-plot arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with cultivation system (protected cropping & open field) as the main plot while the lettuce variety (leafy-type & head-type) as the sub-plot, replicated three times. The protective structure enhanced crown size, increased yield and produced healthier plants with reduced incidence of disease. Leafy-type obtained the largest crown size and head-type was less affected by disease in the first cropping. The study suggested that protective structures can be an asset in the enhancement and sustainability of lettuce production in preventing further damage on crops due to excessive rainfall and wind but would not be profitable when use during warmer months.

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Effects of Cultivation Systems and Environmental Conditions on Peppermint (Mentha × piperita L.) Biomass Yield and Oil Content

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca ◽

10.15835/nbha45210857 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 45 (2) ◽

pp. 576-581 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Camelia OROIAN ◽

Ilie COVRIG ◽

Antonia ODAGIU ◽

Cristian MĂLINAȘ ◽

Cristina MOLDOVAN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Environmental Conditions ◽

Oil Content ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Biomass Yield ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Mentha Piperita ◽

Organic System ◽

Cultivation System ◽

Cultivation Systems

Peppermint (Mentha × piperita L.) is perennial plant cultivated for essential oil production. In the present study, field experiments were conducted to determine the performance of peppermint under different cultivation systems for two consecutive growing periods in 2015 and 2016. The effects of environmental conditions on peppermint biomass yield and oil content was also evaluated. The experiments were carried out according to randomized complete block design with five replications per cultivation system. The results of the present study indicate that the total aboveground dry weight and dry leaves biomass were affected by cultivation system and year. For both growing seasons, the highest values were found under the conventional farming system. In contrast, oil content was approximately 14% higher in organic system than in conventional system. Moreover, oil content differed by year, with higher values being observed in 2015 comparing to 2016. Both oil content and biomass yield were positively affected by high temperatures. The results from this study demonstrated that both environmental conditions and the cultivation systems affect the biomass and oil content in peppermint crop.

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