scholarly journals EVALUATION OF A SPRAY FORMULATION OF CODLEMONE FOR MATING DISRUPTION OF CODLING MOTH (CYDIA POMONELLA) IN APPLE (MALUS PUMILA MILL.)

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 916A-916
Author(s):  
Robert E. Call ◽  
Jack W. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Mating Disruption ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Malus Pumila ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Malus Pumila Mill ◽  
Spray Formulation ◽  
Made In

Mating disruption of codling moth using codlemone pheromoneemitting twist-ties or cards has become a standard practice in many orchards. This study was initiated to determine the effectiveness of NoMate CM EC, a spray formulation of codlemone pheromone. Treatments were applied 20–21 Apr. 1995 to plots measuring 99 × 244 m of 15-year-old `Golden Delicious' apple trees on seedling rootstock. Trees were spaced 3.7 × 5.5 m and treatments were made in a randomized complete block design replicated three times. Whole trees were sprayed to run-off using a handgun. Treatments were 20.2 g a.i. NoMate CM EC/h and a watered sprayed control. Two pheromonebaited, sticky traps were placed in each replicate to monitor codling moth activity. Moth counts were made 3 days after treatment and continued twice weekly for 4 weeks. Results indicated very little moth activity for the first 14 days of the study in plots treated with NoMate CM EC when compared to the control. However, after the first two weeks differences between treatments were not significant.

Genetic Assessment of Combining Ability for Seed-Yield and Its Related Traits in Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gbemisola Oluwayemisi Ige ◽  
Godfree Chigeza ◽  
Subhash Chander ◽  
Abebe Tesfaye Abush ◽  
David Kolawole Ojo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Days To Flowering ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Improvement Programme ◽  
Genetic Assessment ◽  
Made In

Crosses were made in line × tester mating design between a set of five IITA soybean released varieties and three plant introduced (PI) accessions obtained from World Vegetable Center, Taiwan. In order to produce sufficient seeds, F1 crosses were selfed, subsequently F2 populations along with their parents were planted in a randomized complete block design at two locations in Nigeria with three replications. Agronomic traits viz. days to flowering, days to poding, plant height, number of pods/plant and seed yield/plant were measured. Testers and lines showed significant differences for all the measured traits except days to flowering for testers. Considering the significance and magnitude of general combining ability (GCA) effect, line TGx 1988-5F was observed desirable for earliness, while line TGx 1989-19F was the best combiner for number of pods/plant and seed yield/plant. On the other hand, best tester for seed yield was PI 230970. Crosses TGx 1835-10E × PI 459025B and TGx 1987-62F × PI 459025B had significant and highest SCA effect for seed yield/plant. These two crosses appeared to be most promising for soybean yield improvement programme.

Optimizing Aerosol Dispensers for Mating Disruption of Codling Moth, Cydia pomonella L

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 612-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter S. McGhee ◽  
James R. Miller ◽  
Donald R. Thomson ◽  
Larry J. Gut
Keyword(s):  
Mating Disruption ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Codling Moth

MATING DISRUPTION FOR CONTROLLING THE CODLING MOTH, CYDIA POMONELLA (L.) (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), IN ORGANIC APPLE PRODUCTION IN SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO

1995 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.M. Trimble
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Mating Disruption ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Apple Production ◽  
First And Second Generation ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
Pheromone Dispensers

AbstractSex pheromone-mediated mating disruption using Isomate-C® pheromone dispensers was evaluated as a means of controlling the codling moth, Cydia pomonella, over three consecutive growing seasons in organically managed blocks of apples at two commercial apple orchards in Ontario. The objective of the study was to determine if mating disruption could be used to stabilize or reduce the amount of damage caused by indigenous codling moth populations. The emission rate of the pheromone dispensers was estimated using volumetric and gravimetric methods. Efficacy of the pheromone treatment was assessed by comparing pheromone-baited trap catches of adult male codling moths in pheromone- and insecticide-treated blocks of apples, and by estimating damage caused by first- and second-generation codling moths in pheromone- and insecticide-treated blocks as well as in small plots of apples where the codling moth was not controlled. The estimated average release rate of pheromone varied from 22.2 to 30.3 mg per ha per h. The seasonal total number of adult male moths trapped in the pheromone-treated blocks was from 3.8 to 25.3% of the number trapped in insecticide-treated blocks; during one season at one farm, no moths were trapped in a pheromone-treated block. Treatment with pheromone did not prevent an increase in codling moth damage. At one farm, damage increased ca. 5-fold during the 3-year study. At the other farm, damage increased ca. 4-fold during two consecutive growing seasons in one block and ca. 4-fold during three consecutive seasons in the other block. At both farms there was a marked increase in the amount of damage between the first and second generations of the pest. Possible reasons for the failure of the pheromone treatment to prevent increases in codling moth damage are discussed.

scholarly journals Comportamiento del pasto Taiwán (Pennisetum purpureum) fertilizado con efluente de biogas en época de máxima precipitación pluvial

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
José M. Will ◽  
Guillermo Valle A.
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Available N ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Average Annual Temperature ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Made In ◽  
North Latitude

This work was conducted at the Centro Universitario Regional del Litoral Atlántico (CURLA) at 15°47’north latitude and 86°50’ west longitude, 10 km west La Ceiba, Honduras. The ecosystem Is characterized as tropical rain forest having 2700 mm of rainfall per year and an average annual temperature of 27°C with 82% relative humidity. Soils in the region are characterized by having an average soil pH of 4.9, have low levels of available N and P, high levels of Fe and intermediate levels of Mn. A randomized complete block design was employed with 4 replications. Plot size was 2 x 3 m encompassing 3 rows. In each block three rates of biogas effluent were applied at 250,500 and 750 kg N/ha/year. An added check with zero effluent was also included. The grass was cut at the surface of the soil every 56 days and the application of effluent was made in split applications. The results indicate that these treatments increased yield at least 25 % above the check. In the first cuttings there was a tendency to decrease yields although final cuttings demonstrated increased yields. This same response was observed in plant protein, especially in the last cutting where a 48 % increase was obtained. The best  treatmentrelative to forage production and protein content was found when 500 kg N/ha/year was applied.

scholarly journals Combination of Mating Disruption and Granulosis Virus for Control of Codling Moth in Bulgaria

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hristina Kutinkova ◽  
Jörg Samietz ◽  
Vasiliy Dzhuvinov
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Mating Disruption ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
High Population ◽  
High Population Density ◽  
Granulosis Virus ◽  
Fruit Damage ◽  
Central South ◽  
Trial Plot

Combination of Mating Disruption and Granulosis Virus for Control of Codling Moth in Bulgaria An application of mating disruption by use of Ecodian CP dispensers (ISAGRO, Italy) in combination with the granulosis virus product Carpovirusine 2000 (Arysta LifeScience, France) against Codling moth (CM), Cydia pomonella, was tested near Plovdiv, Central South Bulgaria. In 2007, the method was applied in an orchard where in the previous year fruit damage reached 18.7% and the CM population was high, as indicated by 3.83 diapausing larvae per tree. Carpovirusine was applied 11 times in the trial plot in combination with Ecodian CP dispensers installed twice during the season. Before harvest, fruit damage in the trial plot amounted to 0.9% and the overwintering population in autumn 2007 was only 0.46 larvae per tree. At the same time in the reference orchard, where 15 insecticide treatments were applied during the season, fruit damage before harvest reached 12.3% and the hibernating population was 7.97 larvae per tree. So, it has been confirmed that combination of both methods might be an effective tool for control of codling moth in the orchards with high population density and resistance to conventional insecticides. This study is being continued.

Ground Beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) Assemblages in Apple Orchards Receiving Pheromone-based or Conventional Tortricid Management Programs

2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-516
Author(s):  
Erik K. Gronning ◽  
Douglas G. Pfeiffer
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Mating Disruption ◽  
Ground Beetle ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Rhagoletis Pomonella ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Pitfall Trapping ◽  
Poecilus Lucublandus

Pitfall trapping was used to assess the effect of a low-spray mating disruption program targeted against the codling moth and leafrollers on carabid communities (potential predators of codling moth, Cydia pomonella [L.], leafrollers [Lepidoptera: Tortricidae] and apple maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella [Walsh]) in the orchard ground cover. Abundance and species richness of carabids were generally higher in mating disruption blocks relative to conventionally-managed blocks. Over 2 yrs, 3,173 carabids representing 62 species in 27 genera were collected. The most common carabids (more than 5% of the total carabid population) were Harpalus pensylvanicus (DeGeer) (38.2%), Harpalus erythropus Dejean (11.4%), Poecilus lucublandus (Say) (10.1%), Dicaelus elongatus Bonelli (6.2%) and Harpalus longicollis LeConte (5.9%).

scholarly journals Results on mating disruption by sex pheromones against moth pests of apple in integrated and organic orchards

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Újvári ◽  
I. J. Holb
Keyword(s):  
Mating Disruption ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
First Year ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Efficient Reduction ◽  
Conventional Production ◽  
Pandemis Heparana ◽  
Organic Orchards

The study was aimed to study that how mating disruption by hand applied dispensers can reduce the number of damage caused by Cydia pomonella, Adoxophyes orana and Pandemis heparana in four integrated and organic apple orchards. In the first orchard (Gacsály), protection against moth caterpillars ensured by IPM and conventional production systems were equally good, but worse than that of the orchard part where mating disruption was applied by 1000 dispensers/ha. In second orchard (Nyírbogdány), the highest incidence of codling moth damage was measured in the hilly part (17%), while in the plot where 440 dispensers/ha pheromone dosage was applied, the damage incidence was 11%. The smallest damage incidence was at the flat part, where 666 dispensers /ha was applied. In the third and fourth orchards (Eperjeske), codling moth damage on fruits was below 7% in the larger and smaller orchards where 1000 dispensers/ha was applied. At Eperjeske, the codling moth damage increased by 32.3% in the field treated with Bacillus thuringiensis product but without using mating disruption. The results verified that the use of 1000 dispensers/ha as suggested by the manufactures is essential, especially in the first year of application. The results also suggested that better results can be achieved in flat areas and the larger plot size also enables a more efficient reduction of the damage.

scholarly journals Codling moth (Cydia pomonella) mating disruption outcomes in apple orchards

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 259-263
Author(s):  
J.T.S. Walker ◽  
P.L. Lo ◽  
R.M. Horner ◽  
N.M. Park ◽  
J.G. Hughes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mating Disruption ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
High Standard ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Pheromone Trap ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Granulosis Virus ◽  
Market Requirements ◽  
Insecticide Sprays

New Zealand apple growers need to produce crops that satisfy conflicting export market requirements Some markets want pestfree fruit while others demand residuefree fruit Pheromone mating disruption combined with the judicious use of insecticides enables crops to meet both demands This study in 14 Hawkes Bay apple orchards showed that seasonal pheromone trap catch was reduced by 70 from 401 codling moths/trap in the season before mating disruption was introduced to 117 moths/trap over the subsequent five seasons In the same period insecticide use reduced from 59 applications/season in 2006 07 to 23 in 200708 and 37 since 200809 The incidence of larvae in fruit where mating disruption operated averaged 001 which was lower than in orchards using insecticides only Damage increased from 200809 with greater reliance on codling moth granulosis virus over residual insecticides Nevertheless mating disruption with 34 insecticide sprays controlled codling moth to the high standard needed

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