scholarly journals Annual Growth and Development of Scilla peruviana

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 467B-467
Author(s):  
Naza Azizbekova ◽  
Christia M. Roberts ◽  
Stefanie Butland ◽  
Brian Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Rest Period ◽  
Annual Growth ◽  
Multiplication Rate ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Organ Differentiation ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Bulbous Plant ◽  
Temperature And Growth

Scilla peruviana is a bulbous plant whose distribution extends from South Africa, into Europe and Asia. It belongs to the family Liliaceae (subclass Monocotyledonae). S. peruviana is an attractive floral species with excellent commercial potential, but it does not produce many bulblets and its multiplication rate is very low. Increasing the multiplication rate, and regulation of its growth and development, cannot be achieved without knowledge of its basic patterns of ontogenesis. We studied the annual growth and development of S. peruviana, from initiation until differentiation, giving special attention to cytological changes at the apical meristem. We also investigated the cytophysiological changes occurring in scales during ontogenesis. Two generations of daughter bulbs are present in each mother bulb. Flowering of the mother bulb coincides with vegetative development of the apical meristem of the primary daughter bulb (March-April). During gradual senescence of leaves and roots of the mother bulb, the apical meristem of the primary daughter bulb undergoes a transition from vegetative to prefloral development (June). Intensive flower organ differentiation occurs in the daughter bulb during the mother bulb's rest period (July–August). Initiation of the apical meristem of the secondary daughter bulb occurs within the primary daughter bulb, which is itself enclosed within the mother bulb (August). The development of the apical meristem of a daughter bulb, from its initiation until flowering, thus occurs without interruption and takes ≈20 months. By modifying external factors such as temperature and growth regulators, we can now control time of flowering and increase the multiplication rate of S. peruviana.

scholarly journals Cytological Examination of Scilla peruviana L. during a 20-month Cycle of Growth and Development

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 1175-1179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naza Sh. Azizbekova ◽  
Stefanie L. Butland ◽  
Brian E. Ellis ◽  
Christia M. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Cytological Study ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Flower Initiation ◽  
Cytological Examination ◽  
Complete Cycle ◽  
Meristematic Cells ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Floral Differentiation

The growth cycle of Scilla peruviana L. involved the development of two generations of daughter bulbs enclosed within each mother bulb. Flower initiation of the primary daughter bulb took place in June as the mother bulb apparently entered dormancy. Floral differentiation was complete by late October, by which time the apical meristem of the secondary daughter bulb had developed for 3 months inside the primary daughter bulb. The complete cycle of ontogenesis, from meristem initiation to flowering, occurred without interruption and required 20 months. Small zones of meristematic cells detected at the bases of bulb scales may be the origin of adventitious bulblets in this species. This detailed cytological study enabled the development of an effective commercial forcing program for S. peruviana.

SEM study of the morphological effects of kinetin and zeatin on the growth and development of the apical meristem in wheat

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 978-979
Author(s):  
G. M. Hutchins ◽  
J. S. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Furfuryl Alcohol ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Chinese Spring Wheat ◽  
Sem Study ◽  
Moist Environment

Cytokinins are plant hormones that play a large and incompletely understood role in the life-cycle of plants. The goal of this study was to determine what roles cytokinins play in the morphological development of wheat. To achieve any real success in altering the development and growth of wheat, the cytokinins must be applied directly to the apical meristem, or spike of the plant. It is in this region that the plant cells are actively undergoing mitosis. Kinetin and Zeatin were the two cytokinins chosen for this experiment. Kinetin is an artificial hormone that was originally extracted from old or heated DNA. Kinetin is easily made from the reaction of adenine and furfuryl alcohol. Zeatin is a naturally occurring hormone found in corn, wheat, and many other plants.Chinese Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was used for this experiment. Prior to planting, the seeds were germinated in a moist environment for 72 hours.

scholarly journals Growth and vegetative development of soybean plants in soil type Concrectionary Petric Plinthosol

2019 ◽  
pp. 351
Author(s):  
Marcio Nikkel ◽  
Saulo De Oliveira Lima
Keyword(s):  
Soil Type ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Total Mass ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Depth Information ◽  
Economic Interest ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Presence And Absence ◽  
Soybean Plants

The central-north of Brazil is a region with strong presence of concrectionary soil, whose supposed disadvantages from the agronomic point of view, do not prevent their use in agriculture. However, more in-depth information about the behavior of crops of agricultural interest cultivated in this type of soil is few. Due to the observation of agricultural stands in this type of soil, it was hypothesized that plinthite ironstones concretions negatively interfere in the development of crops of agro-economic interest. The objective was to verify the growth and development of soybean cultivated in soil with the presence and absence of plinthite ironstones. Concretionary Petric Plinthosol were collected in the 0-0,20 m layer and part of the soil was sieved so that concretions larger than 3.10 mm in diameter were removed, thus leaving two treatments, soil with and without plinthite ironstones. Morphological evaluations were performed during their phenological phase. Soybean grown in soil without ironstones showed higher growth at 32 and 48 DAE and more leaflets when compared to soy crop grown in soil with ironstones. As for dry matter, soybean grown in soil without ironstones showed more values for aerial, root and total mass as well for aerial root rate when compared to soybean grown in soil with ironstones. Plinthite ironstones interfere with the growth and/or vegetative development of soybeans. Soybean has less vegetative development when grown in soil with plinthite ironstone concretions.

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE LOWBUSH BLUEBERRY: APICAL ABORTION

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 1319-1324 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. Barker ◽  
W. B. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Strong Indication ◽  
Vegetative Tissue ◽  
Aerial Shoot ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
High Level

The semicultivated lowbush blueberry is fire-pruned on a 3- to 4-year cycle. In spring, vegetative growth is accomplished through the development of an axillary bud on an aerial shoot. In a fire-pruned area, the growth is delayed in both its initiation and termination by as much as a month and arises either from axillary buds on the unburned below-ground portions of the aerial stems, or from rhizome seated buds. Shoot growth is terminated by the abortion of the apical meristem and the death of the proximal portions of the axis. Evidence is presented suggesting that the death of the apex is not triggered by an appropriate photoperiod. Further, although it is inherently controlled, it does not follow the production of a specified quantity (relative to clone) of leaf nor vegetative tissue and is not related to the development of a specified (per clone) leaf photosynthetic area. Finally, there is a strong indication that the death of the shoot is speeded by the presence of a high level of auxin.

Growth and development of the root apical meristem

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serena Perilli ◽  
Riccardo Di Mambro ◽  
Sabrina Sabatini
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Root Apical Meristem

MORPHOLOGICALLY DISTINCT STAGES IN THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF RHIZOMES OF POA PRATENSIS L. AND THEIR CORRELATION WITH SPECIFIC GEOTROPIC RESPONSES

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 1163-1175 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Leaf Primordium ◽  
Primary Stage ◽  
Secondary Stage ◽  
Small Pore ◽  
Tertiary Stage

Three distinct stages in the growth and development of the rhizomes of Poa pratensis L. can be distinguished. The names, primary, secondary, and tertiary are proposed to identify the stages. Primary stage rhizomes produce cataphylls elliptical in cross section, and poreless, or with a very small pore. Cataphyll primordia, initiated by the apical meristem, develop disproportionately, producing a hood-like cowling enclosing the apical meristem. The opening partially or completely closes by ontogenetic fusion. The geotropic response is plagiotropic Secondary stage rhizomes produce cataphylls with a marked longitudinal invagination. They are seldom poreless, and then only early in this stage. The apices are similar to primary stage apices. The geotropic response is diageotropic. Tertiary stage rhizomes progressively exhibit characteristics of true aerial shoots. Cataphylls develop a rudimentary leaf blade, ligule, and buliform-cell leaf-closure apparatus. However, a collar between blade and sheath does not form until the rhizome reaches the soil surface. The apex progressively develops the broad shield-shaped leaf primordium characteristic of aerial shoots. The geotropic response becomes strongly negatively orthogeotropic. Both the secondary and the tertiary stages are initiated by a change in the morphology of the apex and the cataphyll that precedes changes in the geotropic response of the rhizomes.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF MICROPROPAGATION TECHNIQUES ON GROWTH. AND DEVELOPMENT OF MINIATURE ROSES.

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1138a-1138
Author(s):  
C.Y. Chu ◽  
S.L. Knight
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Internode Length ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Multiplication Rate ◽  
Stem Tissue ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux ◽  
High Quality

An efficient micropropagation system is being investigated to produce low cost and high quality miniature rose plants. Dormant literal buds of miniature roses were cultured on media containing MS, 30 g·l-1 sucrose, 8 g·l-1, and 25 combinations of NAA and BA. Initial explant growth was achieved on a medium containing NAA at 0.001-0.01 ppm and BA at 0.1 ppm. The highest multiplication rate was achieved when explants were subcultured on a medium containing MS, NAA at 0.01 ppm, BA at 2 ppm, and sucrose at 30 g·l-1. Growth was enhanced after culturing when dormant buds had more parental stem tissue. In addition, explants from the lowest two nodes with the shortest internode length exhibited the poorest growth. The higher the photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) (5 to 40 μmol·s-1m-2), the more quickly explants grew and aged. The most optimal PPF for initial growth was 20 μmol·s-1m-2. Subculture microcuttings of one cm or more in length grew vigorously one month after cuttings were dipped in 1000 ppm IBA and placed on a mist bench. Our results indicate that micropropagation of miniature roses has high potential for use in commercial industry.

scholarly journals Systems Analysis of Shoot Apical Meristem Growth and Development: Integrating Hormonal and Mechanical Signaling

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 3907-3919 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A.H. Murray ◽  
Angharad Jones ◽  
Christophe Godin ◽  
Jan Traas
Keyword(s):  
Systems Analysis ◽  
Shoot Apical Meristem ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Mechanical Signaling

Comparative analysis of axillary and floral meristem development

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vojislava Grbić
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Apical Meristem ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Meristem Development ◽  
Axillary Meristems ◽  
Floral Meristems ◽  
Lateral Suppressor ◽  
Shoot Meristems

Axillary and floral meristems are shoot meristems that initiate postembryonically. In Arabidopsis, axillary meristems give rise to branches during vegetative development while floral meristems give rise to flowers during reproductive development. This review compares the development of these meristems from their initiation at the shoot apical meristem up to the establishment of their specific developmental fates. Axillary and floral meristems originate from lateral primordia that form at flanks of the shoot apical meristem. Initial development of vegetative and reproductive primordia are similar, resulting in the formation of a morphologically defined primordium partitioned into adaxial and abaxial domains. The adaxial primordial domain is competent to form a meristem, while the abaxial domain correlates with the formation of a leaf. This review proposes that all primordia partition into domains competent to form the meristem and the leaf. According to this model, a vegetative primordium develops as leaf-bias while a reproductive primordium develops as meristem-bias.Key words: SHOOTMERISTEMLESS, LATERAL SUPPRESSOR, AINTEGUMENTA, adaxial primordial domain, abaxial primordial domain, shoot morphogenesis.

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