scholarly journals Effect of Temperature Preconditioning on Free Radical Scavenging Enzymes in Chilling-tolerant and Chilling-sensitive Tomato Fruit

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 602A-602
Author(s):  
R. Aynaou ◽  
F.M. Woods ◽  
R. Shewfelt ◽  
J.E. Brown ◽  
S. Tuzun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature Storage

The ability of two tomato cultivars, Lycopersicon esculentum cv. VFNTCherry (chill sensitive) and L. esculentum × L. pimpinellifollim cv. New York 280 (chill tolerant) to acclimate to low temperature storage at 2 °C were compared following prior temperature preconditioning. The activities of catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase and electrolyte leakage were monitored during a 15-day preconditioning period. Low temperature preconditioning reduced membrane damage in both fruit. In contrast, high temperature preconditioning accelerated the rate of leakage in VFNT, while fruit of NY 280 remained relatively undamaged. Low temperature preconditioning stimulated a 4-fold increase in catalase and peroxidase activities in fruit of NY280. High-temperature preconditioning appeared only to benefit fruit of NY280. Regardless of pretreatment, no significant change in superoxide dismutase activities were observed for either cultivar. These findings suggest that the ability to acclimate to low temperature stress may correlate with increased levels of catalase and peroxidase.

scholarly journals 519 Apoplastic Levels of Pectins and Free Galactose in Ripening and Chill-injured Tomato Fruit

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 484D-484
Author(s):  
Domingos P. F. Almeida ◽  
Donald J. Huber
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Low Temperature Storage ◽  
The Status ◽  
Apoplastic Fluid ◽  
Temperature Storage

Pectin solubility in ripening tomato fruit is typically studied in vitro, employing isolated cell walls; however, it is unknown whether in vitro studies address the actual changes in the status of pectins in the fruit in situ. In vivo pectin solubilization was examined in a pressure-extracted apoplastic fluid obtained from ripening and chill-injured tomato fruit with down-regulated polygalacturonase (PG) activity and untransformed wild-type. Pectin levels in apoplastic fluid increased 3-fold during ripening and were not affected by PG levels. In contrast, PG strongly affected pectin levels in bulk, enzymically active pericarp fluid. There was a 14-fold increase in bulk pectin levels during ripening of PG-antisense fruit and a 36-fold increase in wild-type fruit. Pectin levels in the apoplastic fluid of fruit stored at 5 °C for 14 days were 40% lower than that of freshly harvested mature-green fruit, but increased significantly upon transfer of fruit to 15 °C. Monomeric galactose in the apoplastic fluid increased from 41 mg·mL–1 at the mature-green stage to 67 mg·mL–1 in ripe fruit. Bulk levels of galactose were 3- to 4-fold higher than apoplastic levels. After low-temperature storage galactose levels were 50% and 20% lower than in freshly harvested fruit for the bulk and apoplastic fluids, respectively. These results indicate that in vivo pectin solubilization is restricted and largely independent of PG. Low-temperature storage reduces in vivo pectin solubilization, an effect that is reversed upon transfer of fruit to higher temperature following cold storage.

Inhibition of development of Ostertagia ostertagi – effect of temperature on the infective larval stage

Parasitology ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Smeal ◽  
A. D. Donald
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Ostertagia Ostertagi ◽  
Effective Stimulus ◽  
Low Temperature Storage ◽  
Temperature Storage

SUMMARYPopulations of Ostertagia ostertagi established from fresh larvae and from larvae stored at 4 °C for up to 12 weeks contained about 10% inhibited early 4th-stage larvae. This value rose to 21% after 16 weeks, due to an increase in numbers of inhibited larvae while adult numbers remained unchanged. Storage at 15 °C had no effect. In the case of larvae stored at 4 °C for 8 weeks, increasing the larval dose to 90000 had no significant effect on the proportion of the dose which was inhibited. The response to low temperature storage was much weaker than in previously reported studies on British populations, which accords with our earlier conclusion that low temperature cannot be the effective stimulus for inhibition in Australia.

The tillering pattern in barley varieties: II. The effect of temperature, light intensity and daylength on the frequency of occurrence of the coleoptile node and second tillers in barley

1969 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Q. Cannell
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Tiller Number ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Late Sowing

SUMMARYControlled-environment experiments showed that development of the coleoptile node tiller (T1) was suppressed much more than that of the tiller appearing in the axil of the first true leaf (T2) by high temperature (24/15 °C; 19/10 °C; 10/6 °C), by reduced photoperiod (16 h; 12·5 h) or by low light intensity (1100 ft-c; 1000 ft-c), but minimally in the newest variety, Deba Abed. Unlike previous field experiments, the T1 tiller appeared on more Spratt Archer than Maris Badger plants. Maris Badger plants produced more T1 tillers in a high-low temperature regime (19/10 °C; 10/6 °C) than in continuous low temperature (10/6 °C). In a field experiment T1 tiller number (and yield), but not the number of other major shoots, were severely reduced by late sowing of Spratt Archer, progressively reduced in Maris Badger, but minimally in Deba Abed. This seemed to be associated with higher temperatures at later sowings.

RHIZOPUS ROOT ROT OF SUGAR BEET

1943 ◽  
Vol 21c (8) ◽  
pp. 235-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Hildebrand ◽  
L. W. Koch
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
The Other ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Experimental Plot ◽  
Optimum Growth ◽  
Causal Organism ◽  
Sugar Beets

During the summer of 1942 sugar beets growing in an experimental plot at the Harrow laboratory were destroyed by a root rot of a type that apparently has been reported only once previously on this host in North America. Wilting of the foliage first attracts attention to affected plants, the roots of which show, externally, grayish-brown discoloured areas and, internally, fairly sharply-delimited, grayish to coffee-coloured lesions, affected tissues being more or less spongy in consistency. The causal organism, found to be a wound parasite, has been identified as Rhizopus arrhizus Fischer. The effect of temperature on the growth in culture and on the pathogenicity of this fungus and of representatives of the species, R. oryzae and R. nigricans, has been studied. It has been found that R. arrhizus and R. oryzae are relatively high temperature organisms, showing optimum growth at about 34° to 36 °C., and each capable of infecting and destroying artificially injured sugar beets most rapidly between 30° and 40 °C. R. nigricans, also a wound parasite is, on the other hand, a relatively low temperature organism showing optimum growth in culture at about 24° and displaying highest infection capability at about 14° to 16 °C.

Effect of Temperature on Crater Formation and Ejecta Composition in Aluminum Alloy Targets

2012 ◽  
Vol 706-709 ◽  
pp. 768-773
Author(s):  
Masahiro Nishida ◽  
Koichi Hayashi ◽  
Junichi Nakagawa ◽  
Yoshitaka Ito
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Crater Formation ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Gas Gun ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Increasing Temperature

The influence of temperature on crater formation and ejecta composition in thick aluminum alloy targets were investigated for impact velocities ranging from approximately 1.5 to 3.5 km/s using a two-stage light-gas gun. The diameter and depth of the crater increased with increasing temperature. The ejecta size at low temperature was slightly smaller than that at high temperature and room temperature. Temperature did not affect the size ratio of ejecta. The scatter diameter of the ejecta at high temperature was slightly smaller than those at low and room temperatures.

Dry Etching of PZT Films in an Ecr Plasma

1993 ◽  
Vol 310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Charlet ◽  
Kerrie E. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Bias Voltage ◽  
Etch Rate ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Ecr Plasma ◽  
Microwave Reactor ◽  
Pzt Films ◽  
Etch Profile

AbstractPZT films were etched in an ECR microwave reactor with RF polarization.The etch rate was evaluated using various gas mixtures including combinations of two of the following: C12, NF3, SF6 and HBr. The etch rate was measured as a function of the percentage of one gas in the mixture. Other parameters investigated included gas pressure, bias voltage on the electrode and substrate temperature.Results of the effect of temperature show that etch rates are higher on high temperature substrates than on low temperature substrates. A mixture of C12 and SF2 provided a PZT etch rate of 750 Å / min on a substrate, at approximately 100 °C. We evaluated the resultant etch profile and surface roughness

scholarly journals Conditioning of Florida Grapefruit to Reduce Peel Stress during Low-temperature Storage

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.R. Miller ◽  
D. Chun ◽  
L.A. Risse ◽  
T.T. Hatton ◽  
R.T. Hinsch
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Chilling Injury ◽  
Citrus Paradisi ◽  
Low Temperature Storage ◽  
Peel Stress ◽  
Subsequent Storage ◽  
Temperature Storage

`Thompson' pink grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.), waxed or film-wrapped, treated with thiabendazole (TBZ) or untreated, were used to determine the effect of high-temperature conditioning at 31C for 3 days on fruit during subsequent storage for 4 weeks at 1 or 10C. Chilling injury (CI) developed in all conditioned fruit stored at 1C, but was drastically reduced in film-wrapped compared to waxed fruit. Thiabendazole slightly reduced CI, and fruit held at 10C had fewer CI symptoms than those held at 1C for 4 weeks. Conditioning Florida grapefruit at 31C for 3 days did not allow subsequent storage at 1C without rind discoloration. Chemical name used: 2-(4'-thiazolyl)-benzimidazole (thiabendazol, TBZ).

scholarly journals Starch Morphology and Metabolomic Analyses Reveal That the Effect of High Temperature on Cooked Rice Elongation and Expansion Varied in Indica and Japonica Rice Cultivars

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2416
Author(s):  
Nnaemeka Emmanuel Okpala ◽  
Mouloumdema Pouwedeou Potcho ◽  
Muhammad Imran ◽  
Tianyue An ◽  
Gegen Bao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Japonica Rice ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Starch Granules ◽  
Cooked Rice ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Badh2 Gene

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is mainly grouped into indica and japonica varieties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of temperature on cooked rice elongation, cooked rice expansion, and rice fragrance. This study was conducted in three growth temperature chambers with indica cultivar Basmati 385 (B385) and japonica cultivar Yunjingyou (YJY). Grains of B385 grown in low-temperature regimes had the highest cooked rice elongation and expansion, whereas the grains of YJY grown in high-temperature regimes had the highest cooked rice elongation and expansion. Starch granules of B385 grown in low-temperature regimes were more compact and bigger, compared to grains grown in medium- and high-temperature regimes. Conversely, the starch granules of YJY grown in high-temperature regimes were more compact and bigger, compared to those grown in medium- and low-temperature regimes. Metabolomic analyses showed that temperature affected the rice metabolome and revealed that cyclohexanol could be responsible for the differences observed in cooked rice elongation and expansion percentage. However, in both B385 and YJY, grains from low-temperature regimes had the highest 2-AP content and the lowest expression levels of the badh2 gene. The findings of this study will be useful to rice breeders and producers.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document