Regional Differences in Plant Development, Water Relations, and Chloroplast DNA of Hard Maples

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 456d-456
Author(s):  
Rolston St. Hilaire ◽  
William R. Graves
Keyword(s):  
Chloroplast Dna ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Intergenic Spacer ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Intergenic Spacer Region ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Leaf Osmotic Potential

Principal component analysis of foliar traits of hard maples (Acer saccharum Marsh. and Acer nigrum Michx. f.) near 43°N latitude clustered data into two populations composed of trees from different geographical regions. Seedlings from these two regions, and a third, geographically intermediate region, were grown in a greenhouse for 2 years with two irrigation frequencies to assess regional differences in plant development and water relations. Leaves from the most western region (west of 93°W longitude) had the highest specific mass (5.97 mg/cm2), trichome frequency (531/cm2), and stomate frequency (628/cm2). Across regions, plants irrigated frequently had more stomates (596/cm2) than plants irrigated sparsely (483/cm2). Traits similar across regions but higher with frequent irrigation included surface area and mass of lamina, shoot-to-root ratio, the ratio of lamina area to stem xylem diameter, and leaf water potential. Sparse irrigation caused a comparatively large decrease in stomatal conductance of plants from the most western region, and pressure-volume analysis showed no regional or irrigation effects on leaf osmotic potential at full turgor. Identical banding patterns resulted when Hinf I digested the PCR-amplified trnL-trnF intergenic spacer region of chloroplast DNA from each region; work with the rpL16 and ndhA introns is proceeding. Trichome frequency on abaxial leaf surfaces, which differs regionally both in nature and in controlled environments, is the most consistent character we have measured for discerning populations.

scholarly journals Intraspecific Variation in Cannabis sativa L. Based on Intergenic Spacer Region of Chloroplast DNA.

2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 727-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mareshige KOHJYOUMA ◽  
I-Jung LEE ◽  
Osamu IIDA ◽  
Kogo KURIHARA ◽  
Kazuya YAMADA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chloroplast Dna ◽  
Intraspecific Variation ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Intergenic Spacer ◽  
Intergenic Spacer Region

scholarly journals Associations between nuclear loci and chloroplast DNA genotypes in wild barley.

Genetics ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-231
Author(s):  
M A Maroof ◽  
Q Zhang ◽  
D B Neale ◽  
R W Allard
Keyword(s):  
Chloroplast Dna ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Wild Barley ◽  
Blot Hybridization ◽  
Intergenic Spacer ◽  
Southern Blot Hybridization ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Intergenic Spacer Region ◽  
Evolutionary Forces ◽  
Nuclear Loci

Abstract Associations among alleles at nine nuclear loci and three chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) genotypes were assessed in a sample of 247 accessions of the wild barley, Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum. Alleles at two of the nine nuclear loci are marked by length variations in the intergenic spacer region of ribosomal DNA (rDNA), and those of the other seven loci are well characterized allozymes. The three chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) genotypes are marked by restriction fragment length polymorphisms resulting from three polymorphic restriction sites detected by Southern blot hybridization. The analyses were performed by dividing the nine nuclear loci into a series of two-locus subsets and constructing log-linear models to characterize associations between the subsets of two nuclear loci and the cpDNA genotypes. Statistically significant associations were detected between six of the nine nuclear loci and the cpDNA genotypes, either individually as pairwise correlations, or through interaction with another nuclear locus to form three-variate complexes. Although the sample size of the present study was inadequate for statistical evaluation of higher order interactions, the results suggest the existence of interactions in which more than two nuclear loci are involved in associations with cpDNA genotypes. The observed cytonuclear associations appear to result from interplay among a number of evolutionary forces including a mating system of predominant selfing, differentiation among gene pools of local populations, and adaptation of barley genotypes to specific environmental conditions.

PCR Detection Assay of Fumonisin-Producing Fusarium verticillioides Strains

2004 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 1278-1283 ◽  
Author(s):  
BELÉN PATIÑO ◽  
SALVADOR MIRETE ◽  
M. TERESA GONZÁLEZ-JAÉN ◽  
GIUSEPPINA MULÉ ◽  
M. TERESA RODRÍGUEZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Intergenic Spacer ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Intergenic Spacer Region ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
A Minor

Fusarium verticillioides is considered to be the main source of fumonisins, a group of toxins that contaminate commodities and result in chronic and acute diseases affecting humans and animals. The detection and control of this species is crucial to prevent fumonisins from entering the food chain. The objective of the present research was to develop a specific, sensitive, and robust PCR assay to detect F. verticillioides strains using two pairs of specific primers for F. verticillioides, which have been designed on the basis of the intergenic spacer region of the rDNA units. The first pair of primers was F. verticillioides species specific, whereas the second pair of primers detected fumonisin-producing F. verticillioides strains. This second pair of primers allowed for the discrimination between the major group of F. verticillioides strains, fumonisin-producing strains that are mainly associated with crops, and a minor group of strains, non–fumonisin-producing strains that are associated with bananas. Fifty-four strains of F. verticillioides from different geographical regions and hosts were tested using both sets of primers. Sixteen additional Fusarium species were examined. The specificity of the primer sequences provides the basis for a simple, rapid, accurate, and sensitive detection and identification method of this fungal species that represents a risk for human and animal health.

A chloroplast DNA hairpin structure provides useful phylogenetic data within tribe Senecioneae (Asteraceae)

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 862-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.F. Bain ◽  
R.K. Jansen
Keyword(s):  
Chloroplast Dna ◽  
Intergenic Spacer ◽  
Hairpin Structure ◽  
Dna Hairpin ◽  
Phylogenetic Information ◽  
Phylogenetic Marker ◽  
Intergenic Spacer Region ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Loop Regions ◽  
Taxonomic Groups

The distribution of an inversion associated with a small hairpin structure in the psbA–trnH intergenic spacer region of chloroplast DNA was surveyed to determine its phylogenetic utility within the tribe Senecioneae of the Asteraceae. Over 2000 sequences were examined from a wide range of angiosperms. Although the inversion is homoplasious in a number of taxonomic groups, including the Senecioneae, it still provides useful phylogenetic information, especially when point substitutions in both the stem and loop regions are scored along with the inversion. The presence of two nested inversions within the hairpin structure allows it to be treated as a partially ordered multistate character, adding to its potential utility as a phylogenetic marker.

scholarly journals Phylogeny and classification of Eucalyptus subgenus Eudesmia (Myrtaceae) based on nuclear ribosomal DNA, chloroplast DNA and morphology

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adele K. Gibbs ◽  
Frank Udovicic ◽  
Andrew N. Drinnan ◽  
Pauline Y. Ladiges
Keyword(s):  
Chloroplast Dna ◽  
Intergenic Spacer ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Maximum Parsimony Analysis ◽  
Taxonomic Rank ◽  
Intergenic Spacer Region ◽  
Main Clade ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
South Wales

Phylogenetic analysis of Eucalyptus subgenus Eudesmia is presented on the basis of the following three datasets: sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the external transcribed spacer (ETS) regions from nuclear rDNA, sequences of the psbA–trnH intergenic spacer region from chloroplast DNA, and morphological characters, including stamen bundling, operculum development, seeds and trichomes. Studies of floral development were essential for understanding the morphology of mature flowers and interpretation of synapomorphy and homoplasy. A summary phylogeny was constructed from a maximum parsimony analysis of those nodes coded as characters that had support in the molecular trees together with morphological characters. A revised infra-subgeneric classification is presented on the basis of the summary phylogeny, and compared with classifications of Hill and Johnson (1998) and Brooker (2000). Differences relate to relationships between clades and taxonomic rank (sections, series and subseries) and valid names of Brooker (2000) are conserved where possible. One main clade of 14 species (section Limbatae), many of mallee growth form, was found in all analyses; this clade is distributed in the South-West of Western Australia and adjacent Interzone and desert areas. A second main clade (section Complanatae) occurs in the northern and eastern tropical and subtropical regions of Australia, including Kimberley, Arnhem, Queensland and New South Wales. This section includes E. tetrodonta, previously treated as an isolated taxon in a monotypic section; however, this species is related to E. baileyana, E. similis, E. lirata and series Miniatae. The hypothesised phylogeny provides a framework for further analyses of biogeography and ecology, including functional traits.

scholarly journals Transcriptome Changes Reveal the Molecular Mechanisms of Humic Acid-Induced Salt Stress Tolerance in Arabidopsis

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 782
Author(s):  
Joon-Yung Cha ◽  
Sang-Ho Kang ◽  
Myung Geun Ji ◽  
Gyeong-Im Shin ◽  
Song Yi Jeong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Salt Stress Tolerance ◽  
Genes Encoding

Humic acid (HA) is a principal component of humic substances, which make up the complex organic matter that broadly exists in soil environments. HA promotes plant development as well as stress tolerance, however the precise molecular mechanism for these is little known. Here we conducted transcriptome analysis to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which HA enhances salt stress tolerance. Gene Ontology Enrichment Analysis pointed to the involvement of diverse abiotic stress-related genes encoding HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINs and redox proteins, which were up-regulated by HA regardless of salt stress. Genes related to biotic stress and secondary metabolic process were mainly down-regulated by HA. In addition, HA up-regulated genes encoding transcription factors (TFs) involved in plant development as well as abiotic stress tolerance, and down-regulated TF genes involved in secondary metabolic processes. Our transcriptome information provided here provides molecular evidences and improves our understanding of how HA confers tolerance to salinity stress in plants.

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