scholarly journals Irrigation Criteria for Drip-irrigated Onions

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clinton C. Shock ◽  
Erik B.G. Feibert ◽  
Lamont D. Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Subsurface Drip Irrigation ◽  
Crop Evapotranspiration ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Subsurface Drip

Long-day onion (Allium cepa L. `Vision') was subjected to five soil water potential (SWP) treatments (–10, –20, –30, –50, and –70 kPa) using subsurface drip irrigation in 1997 and 1998. Onions were grown on 1.1-m beds with two double rows spaced 0.56 m apart and a drip tape buried 13 cm deep in the bed center. Soil water potential was maintained at the five levels by automated, high-frequency irrigations based on SWP measurements at 0.2-m depth. Onions were evaluated for yield and grade after 70 days of storage. In 1997, total and colossal (bulb diameter ≥102 mm) yield increased with increasing SWP, but marketable yield was highest at a calculated –21 kPa because of greater decomposition in storage in wetter treatments. In 1998 total, marketable, and colossal-grade onion yield increased with increasing SWP. Onion profits were highest with a calculated SWP of –17 kPa in 1997, and at the wettest level tested in 1998. Storage decomposition was not affected by SWP in 1998. Maintenance of SWP at –10 and –20 kPa required, respectively, 912 and 691 mm of water in 1997 and 935 and 589 mm of water in 1998. Onion crop evapotranspiration from emergence to the last irrigation totaled 681 mm in 1997 and 716 mm in 1998.

scholarly journals Onion Storage Decomposition Unaffected by Late-season Irrigation Reduction

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 176-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clinton C. Shock ◽  
Erik B.G. Feibert ◽  
Lamont D. Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
The Other ◽  
Subsurface Drip Irrigation ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Subsurface Drip

Long-day onion (Allium cepa L.) `Vision' was submitted to four soil water potential (SWP) treatments using subsurface drip irrigation in 1997 and 1998. Onions were grown on two double rows spaced 22 inches (56 cm) apart on 44-inch (112-cm) beds with a drip tape buried 5 inches (13 cm) deep in the bed center. SWP was maintained at four levels by automated, high frequency irrigations based on SWP measurements at an 8-inch (20-cm) depth. The check treatment had SWP maintained at -20 cbar (kPa) during the entire season. The other three treatments had SWP maintained at -20 cbar until 15 July, then reduced to -30, -50, or -70 cbar. Reducing the SWP level after 15 July below -20 cbar failed to reduce onion bulb decomposition in storage, but reduced colossal onion yield in 1997, and marketable and total yield in 1998.

scholarly journals Effects of soil water potential on the growth and physiological characteristics ofPopulus tomentosapulpwood plantation under subsurface drip irrigation

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (17) ◽  
pp. 5318-5329 ◽  
Author(s):  
席本野 XI Benye ◽  
王烨 WANG Ye ◽  
邸楠 DI Nan ◽  
贾黎明 JIA Liming ◽  
李广德 LI Guangde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Subsurface Drip Irrigation ◽  
Subsurface Drip

scholarly journals A Comparison of Onion Production Under Sprinkler, Subsurface Drip, and Furrow Irrigation

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 839A-839
Author(s):  
Erik B.G. Feibert ◽  
Clinton C. Shock ◽  
Lamont D. Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Furrow Irrigation ◽  
Crop Evapotranspiration ◽  
Granular Matrix ◽  
Subsurface Drip

Onion yield and grade were compared under sprinkler, subsurface drip, and furrow irrigation in 1992, 1993, and 1994. Furrow-irrigated onions were planted on two double rows on 1.12-m-wide beds at 352,000 seeds/ha. Sprinkler- and drip-irrigated onions were planted in nine single rows on a 2.24-m-wide bed at 432,100 seeds/acre. Drip plots had three drip lines buried 0.10 m deep in each 2.24-m bed. Soil water potential at 0.2-m depth was measured by tensiometers and granular matrix sensors (Watermark Model 200SS, Irrometer Co., Riverside, Calif.). Furrow irrigations were started when the soil water potential at the 0.2-m depth reached –25 kPa. Drip-irrigated onions had soil water potential at the 0.2-m depth kept wetter than –25 kPa by daily replacement of crop evapotranspiration (Etc). Sprinkler irrigations were started when the accumulated Etc reached 25 mm. Sprinkler irrigation resulted in significantly higher onion yield than furrow irrigation in 1993 and 1994. Sprinkler irrigation resulted in higher marketable onion yield than furrow irrigation in 1993. Drip irrigation resulted in significantly higher onion yield than furrow irrigation every year. Drip irrigation resulted in higher marketable onion yield than furrow irrigation in 1992 and 1994. Marketable onion yield was reduced in 1993 due to rot during storage.

Multiscaling analysis of Soil Water Content during irrigation events. Comparison between surface and subsurface drip irrigation

Geoderma ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 382 ◽  
pp. 114777
Author(s):  
Leonor Rodríguez-Sinobas ◽  
Sergio Zubelzu ◽  
Juan J. Martín-Sotoca ◽  
Ana M. Tarquis
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Subsurface Drip Irrigation ◽  
Subsurface Drip

scholarly journals Effect of mulching and subsurface drip irrigation on soil water status under arid environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. e1201
Author(s):  
Ahmed A. Al-Othman ◽  
Mohamed A. Mattar ◽  
Mohammed A. Alsamhan
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Subsurface Drip Irrigation ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Subsurface Drip

Aim of study: We investigated water evaporation of the soil surface and the soil water distribution under different mulching techniques using subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) system.Area of study: The experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research and Experimental Farm in Dirab, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, locating 24.4195° N, 46.65° E, and 552 m altitude.Material and methods: The two types of soil surface mulching were black plastic film (BPF) and palm tree waste (PTW), with no mulching (NM) as control. The two drip line depths from the soil surface (DL) were 15 cm and 25 cm, and surface drip irrigation (DI) was the control.Main results: In SDI, the use of BPF or PTW mulching resulted in enhanced water retention capacity of the soil and an approximately 6% water saving, compared with NM. The amounts of water saved at DL of 15 cm (19-24 mm) were greater than those at DL of 25 cm (15-20 mm), whereas the DI used the highest amount of applied water. The distribution of soil water content for BPF and PTW were found to be more uniform than NM.Research highlights: It is advised to mulch the soil with PTW due to lower costs and through a DL of 15 cm.

scholarly journals Aspects of formation of soil water regime and water consumption of corn under subsurface drip irrigation

2021 ◽  
pp. 190-200
Author(s):  
M. I. Romashchenko ◽  
A. P. Shatkovskyi ◽  
A. S. Sardak ◽  
Y. A. Cherevichny ◽  
N. A. Didenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Subsurface Drip Irrigation ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Consumption Ratio ◽  
Soil Water Regime ◽  
Subsurface Drip

The results of experimental researches on studying of features of formation of a water mode of soils, water consumption processes, and corn yield under different schemes of irrigation pipelines (IP) under subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) in the Steppe of Ukraine. The wetting zone of dark-chestnut residual-saline sandy soil (SI "SF "Brylivske") changed. There is a shift of the center relative to the drip water outlet into deeper horizons of the soil profile (up to 52 cm) with the increasing norm; soil layer 0-15 cm is almost not moistened, regardless of watering rate. At a distance of IP 1,0 m closing of wetting zones, occur at irrigation rates of 2,7 m3/100 running meter (r. m), and at a distance of IP 1,4 m does not occur even at irrigation rates of 3,7 m3/100 r. m, while the depth of wetting reaches 90 cm. The wetting zone of chernozem sandy loam on the loess species (SI "SF "Velyki Klyny") with irrigation rates of 2,7 m3/100 r. m was observed on the soil surface. The maximum depth of wetting, with irrigation norms of 3,7 m3/100 r. m, reached 70 cm with a maximum diameter of 79 cm at a depth of 25 cm. Closing of wetting zones was not observed. Studies at SI "SF "Brylivske" have confirmed that the depth of IP placement (on the soil surface or at a depth of 30 cm) influenced the formation of the soil water regime and the corn yield. The minimum total water consumption was 6271 m3/ha under drip irrigation (DI) (IP 1,4 m), 17 % more than SDI (IP 1,4 m), and 29% more than SDI (IP 1,0 m). The highest yield was obtained in the case of DI (IP 1,4 m) of 15,72 t/ha. SDI (IP 1,0 m) received 13,93 t/ha, and SDI (IP 1,4 m) received 13,50 t/ha. The distance between the IP in 1,0 m and 1.4 m of the SDI system did not significantly affect corn yield (13.93 and 13.50 t/ha, respectively), but at a distance of IP 1.4 m, the water consumption ratio was 6.8% less compared to IP 1,0 m. The value of the irrigation rate in the variants SDI (IP 1.0 m) was higher than SDI (IP 1,4 m) by 13,6 %. Therefore, in terms of irrigation water consumption and capital expenditures, the SDI (IP 1,4 m) is more economical. Experimental studies conducted in the SI "SF "Velyki Klyny" show that the depth of placement of IP (on the soil surface or at a depth of 20 cm) did not affect the corn yield. For DI (IP 1,0 m) the yield was 12,00 t/ha and for SDI (IP 1.0 m) was 12,10 t/ha, with a water consumption ratio of 533,8 m3/t, and for DI (IP 1,0 m) by 3,6 % more. The research results confirm the importance of the parameters of SDI system for the formation of soil water regime and, accordingly, the realization of the potential of varieties and hybrids of crops for their cultivation by SDI.

scholarly journals Onion Response to Drip Irrigation Intensity and Emitter Flow Rate

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 652-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clinton C. Shock ◽  
Erik B.G. Feibert ◽  
Lamont D. Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Irrigation Intensity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Very High

Although an irrigation onset criterion for drip-irrigated onion (Allium cepa) has been determined, the optimal irrigation intensity has not been examined. Some authors have argued that very high irrigation frequencies with low amounts of water are needed to maximize crop responses. Long-day, sweet Spanish onions were grown on 44-inch beds with two double rows spaced 1.8 ft apart and a drip tape buried 4 inches deep in the bed center. Onions were submitted to eight treatments as a combination of four irrigation intensities (1/16, 1/8, 1/4, and 1/2 inch of water per irrigation) and two drip tape emitter flow rates (0.5 and 0.25 L·h–1) on silt loam in 2002 and 2003. The 1/16-, 1/8-, 1/4-, and 1/2-inch irrigation intensities had irrigations scheduled up to eight times, four times, twice, or once per day, respectively, to replenish soil water potential to –20 cbar as needed. Each plot was independently and automatically irrigated if the soil water potential at 8-inch depth was equal to or lower than –20 cbar. This resulted in an average of 564, 269, 121, and 60 irrigations over 107 days for the 1/16-, 1/8-, 1/4-, and 1/2-inch irrigation intensities, respectively. Onions were harvested, stored, and evaluated for yield and grade after 75 days of storage. Averaged over irrigation intensities, the drip tape with 0.5 L·h–1 emitters had significantly higher total yield, marketable yield, and colossal onion yield than the tape with 0.25 L·h–1 emitters. Averaged over emitter type, the 1/2-inch irrigation intensity had higher total and marketable onion yields than the 1/16- and 1/8-inch intensities. Averaged over emitter type, the 1/2-inch irrigation intensity resulted in the highest super colossal and colossal onion yield. Onions grown with an irrigation intensity of 1/2 inch and drip tape with emitter flow rate of 0.5 L·h–1 produced total yields of 50.0 ton/acre, marketable yields of 48.8 ton/acre, super colossal yield of 1.05 ton/acre, and colossal yield of 13.9 ton/acre. Interactions between irrigation intensities and emitter flow rates were nonsignificant for the number of irrigations, water applied, average soil water potential, or onion yield and grade. There was no significant difference in average soil water potential between treatments. There was no significant difference in total water applied plus precipitation between treatments, with, on average, 32.3 and 31.1 inches applied in 2002 and 2003, respectively. Onion evapotranspiration from emergence to onion lifting totaled 34.6 and 37.3 inches in 2002 and 2003, respectively.

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