scholarly journals 642 Three-year Effects of Nitrogen Sources on Plant Component and Yields of Tomato

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 508B-508
Author(s):  
Wayne F. Whitehead ◽  
Bharat P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Hairy Vetch ◽  
Plant Component ◽  
Fruit Number ◽  
Crimson Clover

This study was conducted over 3 years for the purpose of determining how tomato yield, fruit number, and vegetative dry matter are affected by winter cover crop and recommended fertilizer N rates. The following winter-spring fertility treatments were applied using randomized complete-block design with four replications: 1) 0 N winter–0 N spring, 2) 0 N winter–90 kg N/ha spring, 3) 0 N winter–180 kg N/ha spring, 4) 0 N winter+abruzi rye–0 N spring, 5) 0 N winter+hairy vetch–0 N spring, and 6) 0 N winter+crimson clover–0 N spring. In Spring of 1996, 1997, and 1999 `Mountain Pride' tomatoes were transplanted in all plots. Total yield was compiled over 6 weeks, while seasonal fruit number and plant dry matter were measured at final harvest. In 1999, highest plant dry matter (350.5 g/plant) was produced by vetch and highest fruit number (36/plant) by 180 kg N/ha. Total yield were highest (85.8 Mg/ha) at 90 kg N/ha in 1996 and lowest (35.3 Mg/ha) for control during 1997. Organic nitrogen from hairy vetch and crimson clover affected plant dry weight, tomato number and yield comparable to those receiving synthetic N. Results over three years for this study indicate that legume cover crops can be an effective N fertilizer in supporting plant dry matter, fruit number and fruit yield of tomato.

Tomato Growth and Yield Response to Cover Crop and Fertilizer Nitrogen

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 524d-524
Author(s):  
Wayne F. Whitehead ◽  
Bharat P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Crimson Clover ◽  
Tomato Yield

The goal of this study was to evaluate how tomato yield, vegetative dry matter, leaf area index (LAI), and photosynthesis (Pn) responded to winter cover crop and recommended fertilizer N rates. The following winter/spring fertility treatments were applied using randomized complete block design with four replications: 1) 0 N winter /0 N spring, 2) 0 N winter/90 kg·ha–1 N spring, 3) 0 N winter/180 kg·ha–1 N spring, 4) 0 N winter + abruzi rye/0 N spring, 5) 0 N winter + hairy vetch/0 N spring, and 6) 0 N winter + crimson clover/0 N spring. In Spring 1997, `Mountain Pride' tomatoes were transplanted in all plots. Whole plant dry matter, LAI and Pn were measured at flowering, fruiting and prior to senescence, while seasonal yield was compiled over 6 weeks. Tomatoes preceded by Vetch produced highest plant dry matter (243.0 g/plant) prior to senescence, highest LAI (3.07) at fruiting and highest P (8.98 μmol CO2/m2 per s) during flowering. Total yield were highest (60.9 Mg·ha–1) at 180 kg·ha–1 N and lowest (35.3 Mg·ha–1) in control. Supplemental N from legume and grain cover crops affected plant dry weight, LAI, Pn, and yield comparable to those receiving synthetic N. Results of this study indicate that cover crop treatments were as effective as N fertilizer in supporting tomato yield, vegetative growth, LAI, and photosynthesis.

scholarly journals Comparison of Cover Crops Alone or in Mixture with Inorganic Nitrogen for Above Ground Biomass Production and Fruit Yields in Bell Pepper

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 749A-749
Author(s):  
Wayne F. Whitehead* ◽  
Bharat P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Hairy Vetch ◽  
Fruit Number ◽  
Ground Biomass

The goal of this study was to compare the effect of leguminous and non-leguminous cover crops alone or in mixture with fertilizer nitrogen rates on above ground biomass, fruit number, and bell pepper yield. The following fall-spring fertility treatments were applied using randomized complete-block design with three replications: 1) fall-0 N, fallow, spring-0 N; 2) fall-0 N, abruzzi rye, spring-0 N; 3) fall-0 N, hairy vetch, spring-0 N; 4) fall-0 N, abruzzi rye+hairy vetch, spring-0 N; 5) fall-0 N, fallow, spring-84 kg·ha-1 N; 6) fall-0 N, abruzzi rye; spring-84 kg·ha-1 N; 7) fall-0 N, hairy vetch, spring-84 kg·ha-1 N; 8) fall-0 N, abruzzi rye+hairy vetch; spring-84 kg·ha-1 N; 9) fall-0 N, fallow, spring-168 kg·ha-1 N; 10) fall-0 N, abruzzi rye, spring-168 kg·ha-1 N; 11) fall-0 N, hairy vetch, spring-168 kg·ha-1 N; and 12) fall-0 N, abruzzi rye+hairy vetch, spring-168 kg·ha-1 N. In Spring 2003, `Camelott' bell pepper were transplanted. Total yield and fruit number were compiled over 8 weeks, while total vegetative dry matter was measured at final harvest. Highest above ground biomass (48.0 g/plant), total yield (36.7 Mg·ha-1) and fruit number (11/plant) were produced by fall-0 N, hairy vetch; spring-0 N. Lowest above ground biomass (19.0 g/plant), total yield (11.5 Mg·ha-1) and fruit number (4/plant) were produced by fall-0 N, abruzzi rye; spring-0 N. Hairy vetch without any additional N produced plant biomass, fruit number and yield better than all other treatments. Results indicate the legume cover crop can be an effective N source in supporting plant biomass, fruit number and yield of bell pepper.

scholarly journals (163) Influence of Single or Mixed Cover Crops on Biomass Production and Fruit Yields of Eggplant Grown with or without Synthetic Nitrogen

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1006D-1006
Author(s):  
Wayne F. Whitehead ◽  
Bharat P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Hairy Vetch ◽  
Fruit Number ◽  
Fertility Treatments ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Nitrogen Rates ◽  
Final Harvest

The purpose of this study was to evaluate how leguminous and non-leguminous cover crops alone or in mixture with synthetic nitrogen rates affect aboveground biomass, fruit number, and yield of eggplant. The following fall–spring fertility treatments were applied using randomized complete-block design with three replications: 1) fall-0 N, fallow; spring-0 N; 2) fall-0 N, abruzzi rye; spring-0 N; 3) fall-0 N, hairy vetch; spring-0 N; 4) fall-0 N, abruzzi rye+hairy vetch; spring-0 N; 5) fall-0 N, fallow; spring-70 kg×ha–1 N; 6) fall-0 N, abruzzi rye; spring-70 kg×ha–1 N; 7) fall-0 N, hairy vetch; spring-70 kg×ha–1 N; 8) fall-0 N, abruzzi rye+hairy vetch; spring-70 kg×ha–1 Na; 9) fall-0 N, fallow; spring-140 kg×ha–1 N, 10) fall-0 N, abruzzi rye; spring-140 kg×ha–1 N; 11) fall-0 N, hairy vetch; spring-140 kg×ha–1 N; and 12) fall-0 N, abruzzi rye+hairy vetch; spring-140 kg×ha–1 N. In Spring 2004, `Megal' eggplant seedlings were transplanted. Total yield and fruit number were compiled over 7 weeks, while total vegetative dry matter was measured at final harvest. Maximum aboveground biomass (227.6 g/plant), total yield (28.7 Mg×ha–1) and fruit number (13/plant) were produced by fall-0 N, hairy vetch; spring-70 kg×ha–1 N. Minimum aboveground biomass (53.0 g/plant) was produced by fall-0 N, abruzzi rye; spring-0 N, while minimum total yield (7.8 Mg×ha–1) and fruit number (5/plant) were produced by fall-0 N, fallow; spring-0 N. Results imply that hairy vetch supplemented with N at 70 kg×ha–1 is most effective in supporting fruit number and yield of eggplant.

scholarly journals Effect of N Source on Photosynthesis and Plant Dry Matter Yield of Tomato

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 518B-518
Author(s):  
Wayne F. Whitehead ◽  
Bharat P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Hairy Vetch ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Crimson Clover ◽  
Fertility Treatments ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Legume Cover Crops

The objective of this study was to determine if winter legume or grain cover could support net photosynthesis (Pn) and plant dry matter production comparable to recommended rate of synthetic N. The following winter/spring fertility treatments were applied: 1) 0 N winter/0 N spring, 2) 0 N winter/90 kg·ha–1 N spring, 3) 0 N winter/180 kg·ha–1 N spring, 4) 0 N winter+abruzi rye/0 N spring, 5) 0 N winter+hairy vetch/0 N spring, and 6) 0 N winter+crimson clover/0 N spring. `Mountain Pride' tomato was planted in all plots in spring. Plant dry weight and Pn were measured at flowering, fruiting and prior to senescence. The highest Pn (22.78 μmol CO2/m2 per s) and leaf dry weight (115.2 g/plant) were obtained at fruiting, while highest branch dry weight (194.5 g/plant) occurred prior to senescence. There was significant increase in plant dry weight during reproductive growth phase. Tomato plants receiving supplemental N from crimson clover or hairy vetch had Pn and plant dry weight comparable to those receiving synthetic N. The results of this study indicated that legume cover crops were as effective as commercial N fertilizer for supporting photosynthesis and vegetative growth of tomato.

scholarly journals (22) Effect of Biculture Legume-Cereal Cover Crops on Kernel Weight and Yields of Sweet Corn Grown with or without Synthetic Nitrogen

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1074B-1074
Author(s):  
Wayne F. Whitehead ◽  
Bharat P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Hairy Vetch ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Fertility Treatments ◽  
Nitrogen Rates ◽  
Ear Number

The goal of this study was to compare the effect of leguminous and non-leguminous cover crops alone or in mixture with fertilizer nitrogen rates on kernel weight, ear number, and yield of Bt sweet corn. The following fall-spring fertility treatments were applied using randomized complete-block design with three replications: 1) fall-0 N, fallow; spring-0 N, 2) fall-0 N, abruzzi rye; spring-0 N, 3) fall-0 N, hairy vetch; spring-0 N, 4) fall-0 N, abruzzi rye+hairy vetch; spring-0 N, 5) fall-0 N, fallow; spring-101 kg N/ha, 6) fall-0 N, abruzzi rye; spring-101 kg N/ha, 7) fall-0 N, hairy vetch; spring-101 kg N/ha, 8) fall-0 N, abruzzi rye+hairy vetch; spring-101 kg N/ha, 9) fall-0 N, fallow; spring-202 kg N/ha, 10) fall-0 N, abruzzi rye; spring-202 kg N/ha, 11) fall-0 N, hairy vetch; spring-202 kg N/ha, and 12) fall-0 N, abruzzi rye+hairy vetch; spring-202 kg N/ha. In Spring of 2005, `Attribute BSS0977' bi-color (BC) supersweet (sh2) corn seeds were field planted. Total unhusked ear yield and ear number were harvested 74 days after planting, while kernel weight was measured from three randomly chosen ears. Maximum kernel fresh weight (111.6 g/ear), ear number (101,773/ha) and total yield (17.3 Mg/ha) were produced by hairy vetch; spring-101 kg N/ha. Minimum kernel fresh weight (23.0 g/ear) and ear number (51,485/ha) were produced by fallow; spring-0 N, while minimum total yield (2.2 Mg/ha) was produced by abruzzi rye; spring-0 N. Results indicate that hairy vetch supplemented with N at 101 kg/ha is most effective in supporting kernel fresh weight, ear number and yield of this BCsh2 corn variety.

scholarly journals 398 Three Years of Tomato Gas Exchange Response to Nitrogen Sources at Fruiting

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 461D-461
Author(s):  
Wayne F. Whitehead ◽  
Bharat P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Hairy Vetch ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Crimson Clover ◽  
Fertility Treatments ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Synthetic Fertilizer ◽  
Organic And Inorganic N

The purpose of this 3-year study was to compare organic and inorganic N sources for promoting gas exchange (GE) in tomato at fruiting. Measurements of transpiration (E), photosynthesis (Pn) and internal leaf CO2 concentration (Ci) are reported. The following winter–spring fertility treatments were applied using randomized complete block design with four replications: 1) 0 N winter–0 N spring, 2) 0 N winter–90 kg N/ha spring, 3) 0 N winter–180 kg N/ha spring, 4) 0 N winter+abruzi rye–0 N spring, 5) 0 N winter+hairy vetch–0 N spring, and 6) 0 N winter+crimson clover–0 N spring. In spring of 1996, 1997, and 1999, `Mountain Pride' tomatoes were transplanted in all plots. Maximum E (14.3 μmol·m–2·s–1), Pn (22.8 μmol CO2/m2 per s), and Ci (352.2 μL·L–1) occurred in 1997, 1996, and 1999, respectively. In general, E was affected mostly by treatments 2, 3, 5, and 6 and Pn by treatments 2 and 5, while treatments 1 and 4 affected Ci the most. Results indicate that N from both legumes and synthetic fertilizer enhanced GE of tomato similarly.

Influence of legume cover crops and conservation tillage on soil populations of selected fungal genera

1988 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Rothrock ◽  
W. L. Hargrove
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Hairy Vetch ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Crimson Clover ◽  
Legume Cover Crops ◽  
Legume Cover Crop

The influence of winter legume cover crops and of tillage on soil populations of fungal genera containing plant pathogenic species in the subsequent summer sorghum crop were examined in field studies. Legume cover crops significantly increased populations of Pythium spp. throughout the sorghum crop compared with a rye cover crop or no cover crop. This stimulation of the populations of Pythium spp. was not solely due to colonization of cover-crop residue, as populations were significantly greater at the time the legume cover crop was desiccated. Removal of aboveground residue generally decreased populations of Pythium spp. in soil. Incorporation of residue by tillage increased populations of Pythium spp. at some sampling dates. Legumes differed in the magnitude of stimulation, with hairy vetch stimulating Pythium spp. more than crimson clover. Cover crop treatments did not consistently influence soil populations of Fusarium spp., Rhizoctonia solani, Rhizoctonia-like binucleate fungi, or Macrophomina phaseolina. Macrophomina phaseolina populations were significantly greater under no tillage.

scholarly journals Symbiotic capability of calopo rhizobia from an agrisoil with different crops in Pernambuco

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 869-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Altanys Silva Calheiros ◽  
Mario de Andrade Lira Junior ◽  
Débora Magalhães Soares ◽  
Márcia do Vale Barreto Figueiredo
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Symbiotic Efficiency ◽  
Total N ◽  
Calopogonium Mucunoides ◽  
Legume Symbiosis ◽  
Biological Nitrogen

Biological nitrogen fixation by rhizobium-legume symbiosis represents one of the most important nitrogen sources for plants and depends strongly on the symbiotic efficiency of the rhizobium strain. This study evaluated the symbiotic capacity of rhizobial isolates from calopo (CALOPOGONIUM MUCUNOIDES) taken from an agrisoil under BRACHIARIA DECUMBENS pasture, sabiá (MIMOSA CAESALPINIIFOLIA) plantations and Atlantic Forest areas of the Dry Forest Zone of Pernambuco. A total of 1,575 isolates were obtained from 398 groups. A single random isolate of each group was authenticated, in randomized blocks with two replications. Each plant was inoculated with 1 mL of a bacterial broth, containing an estimated population of 10(8) rhizobial cells mL-1. Forty-five days after inoculation, the plants were harvested, separated into shoots, roots and nodules, oven-dried to constant mass, and weighed. Next, the symbiotic capability was tested with 1.5 kg of an autoclaved sand:vermiculite (1:1) mixture in polyethylene bags. The treatments consisted of 122 authenticated isolates, selected based on the shoot dry matter, five uninoculated controls (treated with 0, 50, 100, 150, or 200 kg ha-1 N) and a control inoculated with SEMIA 6152 (=BR1602), a strain of BRADYRHIZOBIUM JAPONICUM The test was performed as described above. The shoot dry matter of the plants inoculated with the most effective isolates did not differ from that of plants treated with 150 kg ha-1 N. Shoot dry matter was positively correlated with all other variables. The proportion of effective isolates was highest among isolates from SABIÁ forests. There was great variation in nodule dry weight, as well as in N contents and total N.

scholarly journals Effects of Some Cover Crops on Light Extinction and Weed Coverage in Sunflower Field

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Hassannejad ◽  
A.R. Mobli
Keyword(s):  
Extinction Coefficient ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Light Extinction ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Hairy Vetch ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Weed Cover

Abstract In order to evaluate the effects of some cover crops on extinction coefficient and weed cover percentage in sunflower, a field experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design with nine treatments and three replicates at the Agricultural Research Station, Tabriz University of Iran, during growing season 2012-2013. Treatments were triticale, hairy vetch, rapeseed, triticale + hairy vetch, triticale + rapeseed, hairy vetch + rapeseed, application of trifluralin herbicide, and controls (weed infested and weed free without planting cover crop). Result indicated than once established, living mulches can rapidly occupy the open space between the rows of the main crop and use the light that would otherwise be available to weeds. In the all cover crops treatments, the light extinction coefficient was increased and weed cover percentage was reduced. Highest reduction in total weed species was observed in hairy vetch + rapeseed and triticale + rapeseed cover crop 61.92% and 61.43 %, respectively, compared to weed infested, so this treatment was better than trifluralin application. It concluded that cover crops could be considered as integrated strategies for weed sustainable management.

scholarly journals Kajian Perubahan Ragam Genetik Tanaman Jagung (Zea mays L.) akibat Seleksi

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
I Wayan Sudika ◽  
I Wayan Sutresna ◽  
Dwi Ratna Anugrahwati
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mass Selection ◽  
Initial Population ◽  
Environmental Variance ◽  
Environmental Diversity ◽  
Two Hybrid

This study aimed to determine the change in total genetic diversity after eight cycles of mass selection using a technique of selection index for yield, fresh dry matter, and weight of dry harvested cob, and to find out the average of these three characters compared to the initial population. This experiment was carried out at Pringgabaya District, East Lombok Regency using Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 11 treatments, namely eight selected populations, initial populations and two hybrid varieties. Each treatment was replicated 3 times, resulted in 33 experimental units. Data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance at 0.05 levels. Variance of phenotype is obtained from the variety of samples; while the environmental variance is defined as the average variance of the two hybrid phenotypes. Genetic diversity is obtained from the variety of phenotypes of each population minus the environmental diversity. F-test of  0.05 was performed to find out whether the genetic diversity of the eighth cycle population is the same or different to that of the genetic diversity of the initial population. The average between the initial population and the eighth cycle population was tested using the HSD-test at 0.05 levels. The results showed that the total genetic variation in the population from the eighth cycle selection for yield, harvested dry weight of cobs, and fresh dry matter of maize were smaller than the genetic diversity of the initial population. The average yield, harvested dry cob weight and fresh dry matter weight of population of the eighth cycle selection are higher than the initial population

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