scholarly journals Flowering and Fruit Set of Pumpkin Cultivars under Field Conditions

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 1074-1077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Cady Stapleton ◽  
H. Chris Wien ◽  
Roger A. Morse
Keyword(s):  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Pistillate Flower ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Pollination Services ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Flower Production ◽  
Female Flowers

Field experiments with six pumpkin cultivars (Cucurbita pepo L.) were conducted in Ithaca, N.Y., in 1992 and 1993 to characterize the patterns of flowering and fruit set. Plants of all cultivars produced the greatest number of female flowers and exhibited the highest rate of fruit set 35-45 days after transplanting, during the first 2 weeks of greatest flower production (“peak bloom”). During the 3 weeks of peak bloom, each plant produced an average of 3.4 pistillate flowers in 1992 and 5.4 in 1993, and fruit set was 50.9% in 1992 and 74.6% in 1993, yielding 1.7 and 4.0 fruit per plant, respectively. In 1994, flower production was further studied with the cultivar Wizard. Flowers were produced in a ratio of 33 staminate to 1 pistillate flower over the entire season. Climatic conditions appeared to be secondary to physiological factors in affecting flowering and fruit set during all three seasons. Characterization of fruit set patterns in pumpkin may aid producers in scheduling pollination services and predicting yields.

scholarly journals Flowering and Fruit Set of Pumpkin Cultivars under Field Conditions

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 152c-153
Author(s):  
Suzanne Cady Stapleton ◽  
H. Chris Wien ◽  
Roger A. Morse
Keyword(s):  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Pistillate Flower ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Pollination Services ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Flower Production ◽  
Female Flowers

Field experiments with six pumpkin cultivars (Cucurbita pepo L.) were conducted in Ithaca, N.Y., in 1992 and 1993 to characterize the patterns of flowering and fruit set. Plants of all cultivars produced the greatest number of female flowers and exhibited the highest rate of fruit set 35-45 days after transplanting, during the first 2 weeks of greatest flower production (“peak bloom”). During the 3 weeks of peak bloom, each plant produced an average of 3.4 pistillate flowers in 1992 and 5.4 in 1993, and fruit set was 50.9% in 1992 and 74.6% in 1993, yielding 1.7 and 4.0 fruit per plant, respectively. In 1994, flower production was further studied with the cultivar Wizard. Flowers were produced in a ratio of 33 staminate to 1 pistillate flower over the entire season. Climatic conditions appeared to be secondary to physiological factors in affecting flowering and fruit set during all three seasons. Characterization of fruit set patterns in pumpkin may aid producers in scheduling pollination services and predicting yields.

scholarly journals Increased Plant Density and Shade Affects Flowering and Fruiting of Pumpkin (C. pepo)

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 526A-526
Author(s):  
R.O. Nyankanga ◽  
H.C. Wien
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Female Flower ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Complete Suppression ◽  
Flower Production ◽  
Male Flowers ◽  
Female Flowers

Increase in plant density often results in reduction in reproductive potential of individual plants in cucurbits. The reduction may be due to reduced female flower production or a reduction or a delay in fruit set or to decreased fruit size. To determine the cause of the reduction, flowering, and fruiting of two pumpkin cultivars was evaluated in four field experiments under four plant densities ranging from 4483 plants/ha to 23,910 plants/ha and in a greenhouse using three levels of shade. Weekly flower and flower bud counts were made in the field experiment starting at first anthesis. Flowers were determined to have either set or aborted or not have reached anthesis. Increasing plant population from 4483 plants/ha to 23,910 plants/ha resulted in an increase in number of flowers per unit area up to 11,955 plants/ha, beyond which there was a steep decline. Increased plant density also resulted in an increase in aborted female flower buds that did not reach anthesis. Increase in plant density only reduced fruit set at very high populations. Number of fruits per area increased linearly with plant density up to 11,955 plants/ha, but decreased at higher plant populations. Reducing incident light by 30%, 60%, and 80% in a greenhouse experiment resulted in reduction of both male and female flowers. At 80% shade, there was a complete suppression of female flowers, whereas male flowers were still being produced. The number of female flowers reaching anthesis was positively correlated with total shoot dry weight while floral buds and male flowers were not. Reduction of individual plant biomass under high-density plantings might therefore be limiting female flower production and yield.

scholarly journals Uncovering Olive Biodiversity through Analysis of Floral and Fruiting Biology and Assessment of Genetic Diversity of 120 Italian Cultivars with Minor or Marginal Diffusion

Biology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lombardo ◽  
Fila ◽  
Lombardo ◽  
Epifani ◽  
III ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Considerable Variability ◽  
Almost All ◽  
First Time ◽  
Homogeneous Data ◽  
Modest Effect

The primary impetus behind this research was to provide a boost to the characterization of the Italian olive biodiversity by acquiring reliable and homogeneous data over the course of an eight-year trial on the floral and fruiting biology of 120 molecularly analyzed cultivars, most of which have either low or very low diffusion. The obtained data highlighted a considerable variability to almost all of the analyzed parameters, which given the uniformity of environment and crop management was indicative of a large genetic variability in the accessions under observation, as confirmed through the molecular analysis. Several cases of synonymy were reported for the first time, even among plants cultivated in different regions, whilst all of the varieties examined, with only one exception, showed very low percentages of self-fruit-set, indicating a need for the employment of suitable pollinator plants. Eventually, a fitted model allowed us to evaluate the clear effects of the thermal values on blossoming, particularly in the months of March and April, whereas the climatic conditions during the flowering time had only a modest effect on its duration.

scholarly journals Characterization of Emergence Flows of Volunteer Corn as Function of the Type of Harvest Grain Loss

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 258
Author(s):  
Alexandre Silva ◽  
Fernando Adegas ◽  
Germani Concenço
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Surface Deposition ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Volunteer Corn ◽  
Corn Plants

Volunteer corn resistant to glyphosate is constant as weed in soybeans planted in succession. This work aimed to identify the emergence flows of volunteer corn plants in the period of time from the harvest of corn planted following soybean (autumn corn) to the plenty establishment of the canopy of the following soybean crop (summer soybean), as a function of different types of propagules generated by preceding corn harvest losses. Four field experiments were carried out in 2013 and 2014, at a Cerrado location (Sinop, MT) and a subtropical location (Londrina, PR), Brazil. Treatments included the distribution of corn crop residues (factor “A”) either on soil surface or incorporated into superficial soil layers. Four types of propagules (factor “B”) were characterized as ears with whole husk; ears with half husk; broken ears, no husk; and loose grains. The density of emerged plants was recorded fortnightly between August and December. When partially incorporated into soil, propagules generate an increased density of emerged plants as compared to the surface deposition treatments. The main sources of volunteer plants, in descending order of importance, were: (1) loose grains, (2) broken ears, (3) ears with damaged husk, and (4) ears with intact husk. Ears emerged later compared to loose grains or broken ears. Climatic conditions influence the emergence pattern. For the climate of (Savannah-like) Cerrado, the beginning of the rainy season is preponderant for the start of corn emergence. Under subtropical climatic conditions, mild low temperatures, associated or not to rainfall, determine the emergence peaks.

scholarly journals Pollination and Fruit Set of Pumpkins in Growers' Fields in New York's Capital District

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 462D-462
Author(s):  
H. Chris Wien ◽  
Dale Riggs
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Female Flower ◽  
Stigmatic Surface ◽  
Black Light ◽  
Pollen Removal ◽  
Male Flowers ◽  
Female Flowers

Reports of sharply reduced feral bee populations (Apis mellifera) due to harsh winters and prevalence of several bee diseases have raised concerns that pollination and fruit set in pumpkin fields will be adversely affected. In 1995 and 1996, five and eight pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) fields, respectively, were inventoried on three occasions per season for pollinator activity and percent fruit set. Pollen removal from male flowers was determined visually using a rating scale, while deposition of pollen on stigmata of female flowers was judged by rating fluorescence of pollen on the stigmatic surface under a “black light.” Samples were taken from 15 to 30 locations in each field, and female flowers tagged. These were considered set if they had enlarged to fist size within 14 days. In both years, the amount of pollen remaining on male flowers was negatively correlated with female flower fluorescence ratings. Neither pollen on male flowers nor stigma fluorescence were significantly correlated with percent fruit set. Fifty-two percent of tagged flowers set fruit in both years, with a range of 24% to 84%, and 17% to 78% in 1995 and 1996, respectively. Presence of bee hives in or near the fields had no effect on fruit set. The results indicate that the pollen removal and deposition ratings used were not reliable for predicting fruit set in farmers' fields. In these 2 years, bee hives were not needed in the sampled fields.

scholarly journals 303 VARIATION IN SUMMER SQUASH FLOWERING IN RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENT

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 473f-473
Author(s):  
D. Scott NeSmith
Keyword(s):  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Pistillate Flower ◽  
Single Equation ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Days To Flowering ◽  
Flower Production ◽  
Summer Squash ◽  
Hot Weather ◽  
Time To Onset

Research over a two year period assessed the influence of planting date and location on time to flowering and number of flowers produced for five summer squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) cultivars. Heat units (HU) were calculated using a single equation to determine if this approach could account for a significant portion of the variability in time to onset of flowering over the range of environments. Depending on cultivar and flower sex, the number of days to flowering varied as much as 20 days. There were significant cultivar differences in HU required for the onset of both staminate and pistillate flowers. The use of HU instead of days reduced the variability of time to flowering as indicated by regression analyses and mean absolute differences between predicted and observed days to flowering. The total number of staminate flowers produced was more variable than that of pistillate flowers. The ratio of pistillate-to-staminate flowers was stable for two of the five cultivars; however, pistillate flower production for those two cultivars was severely restricted during hot weather. Thus environment has a considerable influence on both the onset of flowering and the number of flowers produced for summer squash.

scholarly journals SEX RATIOS AND FRUIT CHARACTERISTICS OF CRIMSON SWEET WATERMELONS GROWN UNDER VisPore ROW COVER AND PLASTIC MULCH

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 857c-857
Author(s):  
V. A. Khan ◽  
C. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Sex Ratios ◽  
Pistillate Flower ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Fruit Characteristics ◽  
Flower Production ◽  
Polyethylene Mulch ◽  
Nodal Position

Staminate and pistillate flower production and fruiting characteristics of `Crimson Sweet' watermelons were evaluated under VisPore row cover plus clear polyethylene mulch (VCM), VisPore row cover plus black polyethylene mulch (VBM), clear polyethylene mulch (CM), black polyethylene mulch (BM) and bare soil (BS). VCM produced significantly higher numbers of pistillate and staminate flowers than other treatments. All mulched and mulched plus VisPore treatments were significantly different from BS with regards to the 1st nodal position of the staminate and pistillate flowers. Fruit-set among the treatments between 53-55 days after transplanting were: 100%, 75%, 59% and 32% for VCM, VBM, CM and BM, respectively. Average number of fruits per plant were: 4, 3, 3, 3 and 1 for VCM, VBM, CM, BM and BS, respectively.

scholarly journals CHARACTERIZATION OF THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE WATERMELON POLLENIZERS

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 872b-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Dittmar ◽  
Jonathan R. Schultheis ◽  
David W. Monks
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
The Other ◽  
Flower Production ◽  
Seedless Watermelon ◽  
Early Production ◽  
Male Flowers ◽  
Triploid Watermelon ◽  
Female Flowers

Pollen from triploid (seedless) watermelon (Citrullus lanatas) is nonviable. Diploid (seeded) watermelons are required in seedless watermelon production for pollination and fruit set. In 2004, markets continued to increase for triploid watermelon but decrease for diploid watermelons. Seed companies are commercializing diploid cultivars (pollenizers) specifically designed as a pollen source for triploid watermelon production. The objectives of this research were to characterize the vegetative, floral, and fruit growth and development of these pollenizers. Five cultivars were evaluated: `Companion', `Mickylee', `Mini Pool', `SP-1', and `Jenny'. When measuring the longest vine, `Companion' produced the smallest plants reaching a maximum vine length of 183 cm, 31 days after transplant (DAT). `Mickylee', `Mini Pool', `SP-1', and `Jenny' had similar vine lengths reaching maximum lengths ranging 294–335 cm, 31 DAT. The compact growth of `Companion' is consistent with the shorter node length of 3.8 cm, while the other pollenizers had a node length of 9.9–10.9 cm. `SP-1' produced more male flowers than the other pollenizers beginning 24 DAT and produced 30–40 male flowers per plant per day, 31–55 days after transplant. `Mickylee', `Mini Pool', and `Jenny' produced 9–15 male flowers per plant per day, 24–55 days after transplant. Early production of male flowers by `Companion' was similar to `Mickylee', `Mini Pool' and `Jenny'; however, flower production became the lowest compared with all pollenizer cultivars 24 DAT. `SP-1' produced more female flowers resulting in the most fruit production (4 fruit per plant). In contrast, `Companion' produced the fewest female flowers and produced 2 fruit per vine. `Mickylee' had the largest fruit weighing 5.9 kg, and `SP-1' and `Jenny' produced the smallest fruit weighing 3.1 kg. The use of specific pollenizers may provide the opportunity to customize production for specific cultivars for either early and or late harvests.

scholarly journals Inheritance and Characterization of a Glabrous Trait in Summer Squash

2007 ◽  
Vol 132 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiubin Xiao ◽  
J. Brent Loy
Keyword(s):  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Pistillate Flower ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Summer Squash ◽  
Commercial Cultivars ◽  
Trichome Types

This study was undertaken to determine the inheritance of a glabrous trait discovered in yellow straightneck summer squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) in 1992 and to compare trichome distribution and anatomy and morphologic features that relate to productivity in glabrous and nonglabrous genotypes. Inheritance data from 1994, 2003, and 2004 confirm that the glabrous trait is inherited as a single gene recessive, designated gl-2, but that in some segregating F2 populations with a zucchini or caserta (C. pepo ssp. pepo) background, there is a deficiency of glabrous segregants. Nonglabrous (NG) plants bore numerous trichomes on stems, petioles, leaf blades, and fruit. Trichomes were simple (unbranched), and most were either conical and unicellular or small filiform and multicellular (two to five cells). However, some larger multicellular trichomes with compound feet were found on major leaf blade veins and along vein tracts of petioles. Large, multicellular trichomes with compound feet were only occasionally present on leaf blades and petioles of glabrous (G) plants, and other trichome types were much reduced. This reduction gives fruit and foliage a smooth, waxy feel and largely eliminates trichome damage to fruit and skin irritation to workers during harvesting. Leaf number, staminate to pistillate flower ratios, and fruit size were not significantly different between glabrous (gl-2/gl-2) and nonglabrous (Gl-2/gl-2) backcross (BC) genotypes. In one of two BC populations, pistillate flowering was 2 d earlier in NG as compared with G plants. The glabrous gene reduced the size of leaf blades in two BC populations; however, differences in total leaf areas were not statistically significant at P = 0.05. A comparison of leaf numbers and size among G and NG parental plants and reciprocal F1 hybrids derived from three separate crosses did not reveal a consistent effect of the gl-2 gene on plant morphology. Earliness and productivity of the best glabrous hybrids were similar to that of popular commercial cultivars.

The effects of date pollinizer variety and pollination time on fruit set and yield of Medjhol date palm

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdoul Amir Rahnama ◽  
Esmaeil Rahkhodaei
Keyword(s):  
Date Palm ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Male Flower ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Tropical Fruit ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Female Flowers

Date palm is unisexual, being either male or female. Male and female flowers grow on buds called Spathe, which opens naturally when fully mature. It is easy to identify the male and female flowers. Under the method of manual pollination, pollen from a male flower is smeared over female flowers. The pollen variety and pollination time have important effects on date palm fruit set, yield and quality. This experiment was carried out to study the effect of date pollinizer variety and pollination time on fruit set, growth and development of Medjhol date palm variety, in date palm garden of date palm and tropical fruit research institute of Iran during three years from 2009 to 2011. The trail was randomized complete block design in factorial manner with three pollen variety as Ghaname, Vardy, and Samesmave, two pollination time as 1-3 days before or after spathe opening and four replication. The results showed that the Vardy pollen had significant effects and increased the fertility percent and fruit yield, rather than two other pollen varieties. The pollen variety had no significant effects on fruit quality as total sugar, acidity, and bricx. The pollination time before spathe opening significantly increased fertility percent, decreased fruit weight and date palm yield. Finally the pollen variety and pollination time interaction effects showed that, application of Vardy pollen from 1-3 days after spathe opening with the most production date palm yield, equal 19.9 kilogram per any date palm trees, so this treatment is the best and are recommended.

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