scholarly journals Uncovering Olive Biodiversity through Analysis of Floral and Fruiting Biology and Assessment of Genetic Diversity of 120 Italian Cultivars with Minor or Marginal Diffusion

Biology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lombardo ◽  
Fila ◽  
Lombardo ◽  
Epifani ◽  
III ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Considerable Variability ◽  
Almost All ◽  
First Time ◽  
Homogeneous Data ◽  
Modest Effect

The primary impetus behind this research was to provide a boost to the characterization of the Italian olive biodiversity by acquiring reliable and homogeneous data over the course of an eight-year trial on the floral and fruiting biology of 120 molecularly analyzed cultivars, most of which have either low or very low diffusion. The obtained data highlighted a considerable variability to almost all of the analyzed parameters, which given the uniformity of environment and crop management was indicative of a large genetic variability in the accessions under observation, as confirmed through the molecular analysis. Several cases of synonymy were reported for the first time, even among plants cultivated in different regions, whilst all of the varieties examined, with only one exception, showed very low percentages of self-fruit-set, indicating a need for the employment of suitable pollinator plants. Eventually, a fitted model allowed us to evaluate the clear effects of the thermal values on blossoming, particularly in the months of March and April, whereas the climatic conditions during the flowering time had only a modest effect on its duration.

scholarly journals Genetic Characterization of Cleveland Bay Horse Breed

Diversity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khanshour ◽  
Hempsey ◽  
Juras ◽  
Cothran
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Genetic Resource ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Similarity Measures ◽  
Horse Breed ◽  
The Usa

The Cleveland Bay (CB) is the United Kingdom’s oldest established horse breed. In this study we analyzed the genetic variability in CB horses and investigated its genetic relationships with other horse breeds. We examined the genetic variability among 90 CB horses sampled in the USA compared to a total of 3447 horses from 59 other breeds. Analysis of the genetic diversity and population structure was carried out using 15 microsatellite loci. We found that genetic diversity in CB horses was less than that for the majority of other tested breeds. The genetic similarity measures showed no direct relationship between the CB and Thoroughbred but suggested the Turkman horses (likely in the lineage of ancestors of the Thoroughbred) as a possible ancestor. Our findings reveal the genetic uniqueness of the CB breed and indicate its need to be preserved as a genetic resource.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity and Aggressiveness of Ralstonia solanacearum Strains Causing Bacterial Wilt of Potato in Uruguay

Plant Disease ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (10) ◽  
pp. 1292-1301 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. Siri ◽  
A. Sanabria ◽  
M. J. Pianzzola
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
First Time ◽  
Different Levels

Bacterial wilt, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, is a major disease affecting potato (Solanum tuberosum) production worldwide. Although local reports suggest that the disease is widespread in Uruguay, characterization of prevalent R. solanacearum strains in that country has not been done. In all, 28 strains of R. solanacearum isolated from major potato-growing areas in Uruguay were evaluated, including 26 strains isolated from potato tubers and 2 from soil samples. All strains belonged to phylotype IIB, sequevar 1 (race 3, biovar 2). Genetic diversity of strains was assessed by repetitive-sequence polymerase chain reaction, which showed that the Uruguayan strains constituted a homogeneous group. In contrast, inoculation of the strains on tomato and potato plants showed, for the first time, different levels of aggressiveness among R. solanacearum strains belonging to phylotype IIB, sequevar 1. Aggressiveness assays were also performed on accessions of S. commersonii, a wild species native to Uruguay that is a source of resistance for potato breeding. No significant interactions were found between bacterial strains and potato and S. commersonii genotypes, and differences in aggressiveness among R. solanacearum strains were consistent with previously identified groups based on tomato and potato inoculations. Moreover, variation in responses to R. solanacearum was observed among the S. commersonii accessions tested.

scholarly journals Development and characterization of 24 polymorphic microsatellitelocifor the freshwater fishIchthyoelephas longirostris(Characiformes: Prochilodontidae)

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo M. Landínez-García ◽  
Edna J. Márquez
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Migratory Species ◽  
Genetic Stock ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽  
Polymorphic Microsatellite ◽  
First Time ◽  
Management And Conservation ◽  
Generation Sequencing

The Neotropical freshwater fishIchthyoelephas longirostris(Characiformes: prochilodontidae) is a short-distance migratory species endemic to Colombia. This study developed for the first time a set of 24 polymorphic microsatellitelociby using next-generation sequencing to explore the population genetics of this commercially exploited species. Nineteen of theselociwere used to assess the genetic diversity and structure of 193I. longirostrisin three Colombian rivers of the Magdalena basin. Results showed that a single genetic stock circulates in the Cauca River, whereas other single different genetic stock is present in the rivers Samaná Norte and San Bartolomé-Magdalena. Additionally,I. longirostriswas genetically different among and across rivers. This first insight about the population genetic structure ofI. longirostrisis crucial for monitoring the genetic diversity, the management and conservation of its populations, and complement the genetic studies in Prochilodontidae.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Genetic Resources of Farmed Tambaqui in Northern Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola F. Fazzi-Gomes ◽  
Nuno F. Melo ◽  
Glauber Palheta ◽  
Jonas Aguiar ◽  
Iracilda Sampaio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Allelic Richness ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Northern Brazil

The present study analyzed the genetic variability and structure of farmed tambaqui in the Brazilian state of Pará, and provided basic information that can be used for the development of programs of monitoring and management of genetic resources in the aquaculture operations of northern Brazil. A total of 216 individuals were sampled from tambaqui farms in Pará. Genotyping was based on a multiplex set of 10 tri- and tetra-nucleotide microsatellite markers. The data were used to calculate genetic diversity indices, expected and observed heterozygosity, the number of alleles per locus, allelic richness, and inbreeding coefficient. Genetic structure was verified using DEST and RST, the genetic signature, and Bayesian analysis. The results showed that the tambaqui farms surveyed have suffered a significant loss of genetic variability, and that they are genetically structured, forming two clusters, one encompassing the farms in western Pará, and the other including the farms from the northeast and southeast regions of the state. These finding provide fundamental insights for the development of effective strategies that will help guarantee productivity and the quality of the tambaqui farms of northern Brazil, and provide a database for the upgrading of the genetic variability of these populations. This study indicated the need for hatcheries in southeastern and northeastern Pará to amplify or renew their breeding stocks, in order to avoid the significant loss of genetic diversity in the tambaqui farms of these regions.

Optimization of the sampling strategy for establishing a gene bank: storing PrP alleles following a scrapie eradication plan as a case study

2006 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 813-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Fernández ◽  
T. Roughsedge ◽  
J. A. Woolliams ◽  
B. Villanueva
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
Gene Bank ◽  
Eradication Programme ◽  
Gene Banks ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Target Values ◽  
Almost All

AbstractGene banks are usually used for storing general genetic variability of endangered living populations but can be also used for storing alleles of a particular locus that are being eradicated through artificial selection programmes. In such scenarios gene banks would allow future re-introduction of one or more of the alleles being eradicated (and the associated diversity) into living populations. Frequencies within the bank for the locus of interest should have pre-determined target values. In this study, an algorithm is derived to obtain the optimal contributions of all candidate donors to achieve the target frequencies of the removed alleles in the bank while maintaining at the same time genetic variability in other loci unlinked to those targeted in the eradication programme. The efficiency of the algorithm is tested using the case of gene banks storing prion protein alleles currently disfavoured in scrapie eradication programmes (i.e., the AHQ, ARH, ARQ and VRQ alleles). Results showed that the algorithm was able to find the combinations of candidate contributions fulfilling different objectives regarding target frequencies and restrictions on coancestry. The most important factors influencing the optimal contributions were the allelic frequencies and the levels of diversity (coancestry) of the living population. Heterozygotes were favoured over homozygous individuals as, for a given number of animals contributing to the bank, the use of heterozygotes leads to lower levels of coancestry. Notwithstanding, almost all donors were sampled when restrictions on the global genetic diversity to be stored were severe.

scholarly journals Molecular Detection and Characterization of Pasteurella multocida Infecting Camels in Marsabit and Turkana Counties, Kenya

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justus Kyalo Kasivalu ◽  
George Isanda Omwenga ◽  
Gabriel Oluga Aboge
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Marker Gene ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Northern Kenya ◽  
Pcr Multiplex ◽  
Limited Food

Abstract BackgroundInfection with Pasteurella multocida is abundant in Kenya yet there is scarce information on their genetic diversity. Pasteurella multocida is considered to be one of the normal flora in the respiratory tract of camels and other animals but it becomes pathogenic and causes pasteurellosis when the resistance of the camel body is diminished by harmful environmental influences. Close herding, overwork, limited food supply, and wet climatic conditions are stresses that seem to speed the spread of the infection. Conventional PCR, Multiplex PCR and sequencing were applied to enhance identification of Pasteurella multocida at any level of specificity viz; strain, species, and genus. These molecular tools were applied to confirm the presence and genetic diversity of Pasteurella multocida in 102 blood and 30 nasal swab samples collected from Marsabit and Turkana counties in Kenya. Kmt1 gene was used as the marker gene for Pasteurella multocida and hyaD-hyaC, bcbD, dcbF, ecbJ, and fcbD as marker genes for capsular groups. A study done in northern Kenya noted that in Africa pasteurellosis infections causing death in camels (Camelus dromedarius) have been existing since 1890 though the real cause of this disease remains elusive and needs further study. The study was done to detect Pasteurella multocida and characterize its capsular types by application of molecular biology toolsResultsTwenty one Kenyan isolates were confirmed to be Pasteurella multocida and only capsular group E was detected in both counties. Pasteurella multocida sequences were found to be highly conserved, however isolates detected in Kenya were found to be genetically related to other isolates from African and other parts of the world. ConclusionsThe study confirm that the camels were infected by Pasteurella multocida of capsular type E in Marsabit and Turkana Counties of Kenya. DNA sequences were found to be homologous to Pasteurella multocida thereby confirming that the camels were infected by Pasteurella multocida.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity characterization of cassava cultivars (Manihot esculenta Crantz).: I) RAPD markers

1998 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Colombo ◽  
Gérard Second ◽  
Tereza Losada Valle ◽  
André Charrier
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Core Collection ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Important Resource ◽  
Flour Production

RAPD markers were used to investigate the genetic diversity of 31 Brazilian cassava clones. The results were compared with the genetic diversity revealed by botanical descriptors. Both sets of variates revealed identical relationships among the cultivars. Multivariate analysis of genetic similarities placed genotypes destinated for consumption "in nature" in one group, and cultivars useful for flour production in another. Brazil’s abundance of landraces presents a broad dispersion and is consequently an important resource of genetic variability. The botanical descriptors were not able to differentiate thirteen pairs of cultivars compared two-by-two, while only one was not differentiated by RAPD markers. These results showed the power of RAPD markers over botanical descriptors in studying genetic diversity, identifying duplicates, as well as validating, or improving a core collection. The latter is particularly important in this vegetatively propagated crop.

scholarly journals Genetic Characterization of Domestic Apple Varieties from Tuzla Canton, BiH

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Ensar Salkić ◽  
Besim Salkic ◽  
Amela Hercegovac ◽  
Aldijana Avdić ◽  
Azra Dorić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Genetic Identification ◽  
Apple Varieties ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Simple Sequence

Aims: The basic precondition for apple breeding is the genetic diversity of varieties, which implies a large number of different, positive genes that enable adaptation to different weather conditions, resistance to new diseases and pests. One of the reliable sources of genetic diversity are indigenous varieties of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Their genetic identification is the first step in a process that has as its ultimate goal the collection of genetic material. The main goal of this research is to analyze the genetic variability of five indigenous varieties of apple in Tuzla Canton, Bosnia and Herzegovina in terms of contributing to the management of conservation and expansion of existing genetic resources, spreading this material through registered nurseries. Study Design: The research included fiveautochthonous apple varieties: "Ovčji nos“ “Dobrić“, "Šarenika“, "Rančica“ and "Petrovača“. Place and Duration of Study: Samples of young leaves were collected at the site of Donji Moranjci, City of Srebrenik,Tuzla Canton, Bosnia and Herzegovina in the spring of 2019. Methodology: In order to determine the genetic diversity of five indigenous apple varieties were genotyped ten SSR(Simple Sequence Repeats) markers. Results: No cases of synonyms or homonyms were found within the analyzed set.The results of the study indicate a pronounced differentiation, ie all five examined varieties represent unique genotypes. Conclusion: The examined sets of genotypes possess significant genetic variability, which is important especially when we consider that a relatively small number of samples have been analyzed.

Retrotransposon-microsatellite amplified polymorphism (REMAP) markers for genetic diversity assessment of the rice blast pathogen (Magnaporthe grisea)

Genome ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 943-945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Chadha ◽  
T Gopalakrishna
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Rice Blast ◽  
Magnaporthe Grisea ◽  
Assay System ◽  
First Report ◽  
Diversity Assessment

This present study is the first report of the application of the retrotransposon-microsatellite amplified polymorphism (REMAP) technique in fungi. Genome fingerprinting has a major role in the characterization of population structure and in the analysis of the variability in fungi. Retrotransposon-microsatellite amplified polymorphism assay was used in virulent isolates of a rice blast pathogen (Magnaporthe grisea) as a new assay system for genetic variability studies that overcomes the limitations of previous techniques. The high polymorphism observed in REMAP could be due to past or recent actions of retrotransposon in M. grisea. Retrotransposon-microsatellite amplified polymorphism, with its superior marker utility, was concluded to be the marker of choice for characterizing M. grisea isolates.Key words: Retrotransposon-microsatellite amplified polymorphism (REMAP), MAGGY, rice blast, Magnaporthe grisea, genetic diversity, retrotransposons.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity of the Hungarian Gidran horse in two mitochondrial DNA markers

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e1894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolett Sziszkosz ◽  
Sándor Mihók ◽  
András Jávor ◽  
Szilvia Kusza
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Horse Breed ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Mitochondrial Markers ◽  
Blast Analysis ◽  
D Loop ◽  
First Time ◽  
Mtdna Markers

The Gidran is a native Hungarian horse breed that has approached extinction several times. Phylogenetic analysis of two mitochondrial markers (D-loop and cytochrome-b) was performed to determine the genetic characterization of the Gidran for the first time as well as to detect errors in the management of the Gidran stud book. Sequencing of 686 bp ofCYTBand 202 bp of the D-loop in 260 mares revealed 24 and 32 haplotypes, respectively, among 31 mare families. BLAST analysis revealed six novelCYTBand four D-loop haplotypes that have not been previously reported. The Gidran mares showed high haplotype (CYTB: 0.8735 ± 0.011; D-loop: 0.9136 ± 0.008) and moderate nucleotide (CYTB: 0.00472 ± 0.00017; D-loop: 0.02091 ± 0.00068) diversity. Of the 31 Gidran mare families, only 15CYTB(48.4%) and 17 D-loop (54.8%) distinct haplotypes were formed using the two markers separately. Merged markers created 24 (77.4%) mare families, which were in agreement with the mare families in the stud book. Our key finding was that the Gidran breed still possesses high genetic diversity despite its history. The obtained haplotypes are mostly consistent with known mare families, particularly when the two mtDNA markers were merged. Our results could facilitate conservation efforts for preserving the genetic diversity of the Gidran.

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