scholarly journals Peach Fruit Weight, Yield, and Crop Value Are Affected by Number of Fruiting Shoots per Tree

HortScience ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 512-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard P. Marini
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Peach Fruit ◽  
Crop Load ◽  
Weight Yield ◽  
Thinning Operation ◽  
Tree Number ◽  
Number Of Shoots

Mature `Norman'peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] trees were dormant pruned to retain a range of fruiting shoots per tree (71 to 250) during 3 years from 1997 to 1999. About 40 days after bloom each year, fruits on all trees were thinned to similar crop loads, so only the number of fruits per shoot varied. Fruit set and number of fruits removed by hand thinning were positively related to number of fruiting shoots retained per tree. Number of fruits harvested per tree was not related to number of shoots per tree, whereas average fruit weight at thinning and at harvest, and crop value per tree were negatively related to the number of shoots retained per tree. These results indicate that commercial peach producers should consider modifying pruning and thinning strategies. Rather than retaining a large number of fruiting shoots per tree and hand thinning to distribute fruits every 15 to 20 cm along each fruiting shoot, producers should first determine the number of fruits that trees of a given cultivar can adequately size and then perform the thinning operation to obtain the desired crop load. The number of fruiting shoots retained per tree during pruning should be one-fifth to one-seventh of the number of fruits desired per tree, so that five to seven fruits per fruiting shoot are retained after hand thinning.

scholarly journals Heading Fruiting Shoots before Bloom Is Equally Effective as Blossom Removal in Peach Crop Load Management

HortScience ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 642-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard P. Marini
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Load Management ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Crop Load ◽  
Fruit Thinning ◽  
Crop Density ◽  
Net Profit

Three experiments were performed to determine if pruning treatments could reduce the need for peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] fruit thinning without reducing average fruit weight. To determine if dormant shoot heading affected fruit size simply by reducing the number of flowers per tree, all 1-year-old shoots on `Cresthaven' trees were headed by 50% or blossoms were removed from the terminal half of each shoot. At 45 days after full bloom, all trees were hand-thinned to obtain predetermined crop densities. Average fruit weight was highest on trees with blossom removal, but crop value and net profit were highest for nontreated trees. To determine the influence of treatment severity on fruit weight, all shoots on `Cresthaven' trees were blossom-thinned or headed to remove blossoms on varying proportions of each shoot. Fruit set and the number of fruit removed during postbloom thinning decreased as the percentage of a shoot that was headed or blossom-thinned increased. Average fruit weight at harvest and crop value were higher for trees with blossom removal than for trees with headed shoots. Fruit weight and crop value were not affected by the percentage of the shoot treated. In the final experiment, all shoots on `Cresthaven' trees were headed by 50% or were not headed. Heading of shoots reduced fruit set, number of fruits removed at thinning, and thinning time per tree, but yield, crop density, and average fruit weight were not affected by heading. Profit was increased by shoot heading one of the 3 years. Results from this study indicate that heading peach shoots by 50% while dormant pruning can reduce thinning costs without reducing fruit size, but a similar level of labor-intensive blossom removal may reduce postbloom thinning costs and improve fruit size.

scholarly journals Peach Fruit Weight Is Influenced by Crop Density and Fruiting Shoot Length but not Position on the Shoot

1994 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard P. Marini ◽  
Donald L. Sowers
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Peach Fruit ◽  
Axillary Shoots ◽  
Current Season ◽  
Crop Density ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] fruit position and fruit weight (FW) was studied in experiments involving thinned vs. nonthinned fruiting shoots, shoots with and without axillary shoots, and trees with varying crop densities (CDs). FW was not consistently related to position on the shoot, and the influence of fruit position varied depending on the presence of axillary shoots on the fruiting shoot. FW was best related to fruiting shoot length and total shoot length per fruit (1-year-old plus current-season wood). Mean FW was also influenced by the number of fruit per shoot × CD interaction, a result indicating that FW depends on photosynthate from leaves in the immediate vicinity of the fruit as well as photosynthate from more distant parts of the tree.

scholarly journals Fruit set and yield of apple trees cv. Gala treated with seaweed extract of ascophyllum nodosum and thidiazuron

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Antonio Ayub ◽  
Anelise Marques de Sousa ◽  
Thayna Viencz ◽  
Renato Vasconcelos Botelho
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Ascophyllum Nodosum ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Seaweed Extract ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Fruit Length ◽  
Weight Yield ◽  
Amazonas State

Abstract The low effective fruiting is one of the biggest problems of apples’ production in Brazil and its main cause involves the process of pollination. The objective was to evaluate the fruit set and production of apple trees cv. Gala treated with extract of seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum and thidiazuron. The experiment was carried out during two cycles (2015/2016 and 2016/2017) in Porto Amazonas, State of Paraná, Brazil, with apple trees cv. Gala. The following treatments were applied at full bloom: thidiazuron at 10 and 15 mg L-1, Ascophyllum nodosum seaweed extract (Algamare®) at concentrations of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.6%. No treated plants were used as control. It was evaluated: fruit set, number of fruits, fruit weight, yield per plant, number of seeds per fruit, length and diameter of fruit, length/diameter ratio (L/D), titratable acidity, soluble solids, firmness and growth of shoots. The algae extract presented similar effects of thidiazuron in apple trees, promoting, in at least one of the cycles, the increase in fruit set, number of fruits, weight and length of fruits without changing their maturation. The application of Algamare® at 0.3% was the most effective treatment for yield improvement in ‘Gala’ apples.

scholarly journals 517 Bloom Thinner Wilthin Decreased Fruit Set and Increased Fruit Yield and Quality of Three Apple Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 534F-535
Author(s):  
Ejaz Mohammad Ansari ◽  
Frank B. Matta ◽  
Taqueer Abbas ◽  
Mohammad Baquir
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Firmness ◽  
Fruit Length ◽  
Weight Yield ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Golden Apples

The influence of bloom chemical thinner Wilthin on three apple cultivars (Royal Gala, Blushing Gold, and Ultra Gold) was investigated. Two experiments were conducted in 1995 and 1996 to determine the effect of Wilthin at 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% on fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit weight, yield, juice pH, acidity, SSC, sucrose, glucose, fructose, fruit firmness, and fruit set. Wilthin reduced fruit set of `Royal Gala', `Ultra Gold', and `Blushing Golden' and increased yield of all cultivars. In general, Wilthin increased fruit weight of `Royal Gala', `Ultra Gold', and `Blushing Golden' both years. Wilthin increased fruit length and diameter of `Royal Gala' and `Ultra Gold', but it did not affect fruit length of `Blushing Golden'. Wilthin increased fruit juice pH of `Royal Gala', `Ultra Gold', and `Blushing Golden' during both years. Wilthin decreased fruit juice acidity of `Royal Gala', `Ultra Gold', and `Blushing Golden'. In 1995, Wilthin increased SSC of `Royal Gala' and `Ultra Gold'. In 1996, Wilthin did not effect SSC of `Royal Gala' and `Blushing Golden', but increased SSC of `Ultra Gold'. Wilthin increased sucrose concentration of `Royal Gala', `Ultra Gold', and `Blushing Golden'. Wilthin did not effect fruit juice glucose concentration of `Royal Gala' but increased fruit juice glucose concentration of `Ultra Gold' and `Blushing Golden'. Wilthin did not influenced fructose content of `Royal Gala' and `Blushing Golden' apples. Wilthin increased fructose contents of `Ultra Gold'. Accel increased fruit firmness of `Royal Gala', `Ultra Gold', and `Blushing Golden' and increased fruit firmness of `Royal Gala'.

scholarly journals Tergitol-TMN-6 Surfactant Is an Effective Blossom Thinner for Stone Fruits

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 1243-1248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esmaeil Fallahi ◽  
Bahar Fallahi ◽  
James R. McFerson ◽  
Ross E. Byers ◽  
Robert C. Ebel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Stone Fruits ◽  
Prunus Domestica ◽  
Peach Fruit ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Spray Volume

Effects of Tergitol-TMN-6 surfactant on blossom thinning (fruit set), fruit quality, and yield were studied in different cultivars of peach (Prunus persica [L.] Batsch) during 2003 to 2005, and in one cultivar of nectarine Prunus persica [L.] in one orchard and one cultivar of plum (Prunus domestica [L.]) in two orchards in 2004. In addition to Tergitol-TMN-6, effects of Crocker's fish oil (CFO) alone in three peach cultivars or in combination with lime sulfur in a nectarine cultivar were studied on fruit set, quality, and yield. Tergitol-TMN-6 at 5 mL·L–1 or higher rates, applied at about 75% to 85% bloom, reduced fruit set without russeting peach fruit. Peach fruit size was often increased by Tergitol-TMN-6 treatment. Applications of Tergitol at 20 mL·L–1 or 30 mL·L–1 excessively thinned peaches. Tergitol-TMN-6 at all rates burned foliage, but the symptoms disappeared after a few weeks without any adverse effects on tree productivity. Tergitol-TMN-6 at 7.5 mL·L–1 or 10 mL·L–1, applied either once at about 80% to 85% bloom or twice at 35% bloom and again at 80% to 85% bloom, reduced fruit set without any fruit russeting in nectarine. Tergitol-TMN-6 at 7.5 mL·L–1 to 12.5 mL·L–1 reduced fruit set in `Empress' plum. CFO at 30 mL·L–1 was effective in blossom thinning of some peach cultivars. A combination of lime sulfur and CFO was not effective in blossom thinning of nectarine. Considering results from several orchards in different locations in the Pacific Northwest over 3 years, Tergitol-TMN-6 is an excellent blossom thinner for peach, nectarine, and plum at rates of 7.5 to 12.5 mL·L–1, sprayed at a spray volume of 1870.8 L·ha–1 when about 75% to 85% blooms are open.

Re-evaluation of a Desiccating Surfactant for Thinning Peach Blossoms

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 496c-496
Author(s):  
R.C. Ebel ◽  
D.G. Himelrick ◽  
A. Caylor ◽  
J. Pitts
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Linear Correlations ◽  
Dodecyl Ether

The surfactant “Surfactant WK” (dodecyl ether of polyethylene glycol) was applied to peach trees [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] at full bloom over 3 years. Blossoms died rapidly, so that within 2 days dead blossoms could be distinguished easily from live blossoms or set fruit. There were strong (R2 > 0.87), linear correlations between concentration of “Surfactant WK” applied and percent blossoms removed and fruit set, which were similar over the 3 years. Trees were hand-thinned according to commercial practices after treatment. There was similar cropload, fruit weight and yield across treatments at harvest indicating no negative effects by the chemical on productivity. There was only slight limb damage at the highest concentrations of “Surfactant WK”, which over thinned blossoms. We recommend that based on the effectiveness, consistency, and lack of significant phytotoxicity, “Surfactant WK” be re-evaluated as a thinning chemical for peach trees.

scholarly journals Chitosan-based foliar application modulated the yield and biochemical attributes of peach (Prunus persica L.) cv. Early Grand

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sajid ◽  
Abdul Basit ◽  
Zafar Ullah ◽  
Syed Tanveer Shah ◽  
Izhar Ullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Peach Fruit

Abstract Background Peach fruits are highly perishable leading to many pre- and post-harvest problems, which adds to the reduction in the potential yield and productivity. Chitosan is a natural polysaccharide, produced after alkaline chitin deacetylation. It is one of the most preferred biopolymers due to its biocompatibility, antioxidant, anticancer, biodegradability, antimicrobial, and non-toxic properties as well as being an economical material. A pre-harvesting experiment was carried out based on the problems of peach and the importance of chitosan. Results Peach trees were foliar sprayed with different concentrations of chitosan (0, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.0%) at different times (30, 50, and 70 days after full bloom) to elucidate the effect of chitosan to peach yield and fruit quality. The results showed that foliar application of chitosan (1%) caused significant increases in fruit weight, volume, tree yield−1, fruit firmness, titratable acidity, and ascorbic acid content but caused significant decreases in total soluble solid fruit juice pH and disease incidence of peach fruit. Similarly, foliar application of chitosan after 50 days of full bloom increased fruit weight, volume, yield tree−1, firmness, titratable acidity, and ascorbic acid content with the number of fruit kg−1, total soluble solids, juice pH, and disease incidence as compared to other application times. Conclusions It is concluded that chitosan at 1% applied after 50 days of full bloom improved most of the peach attributes studied compared to the other concentrations of chitosan at 0.50 and 0.75, and control for the production of quality peach fruit.

scholarly journals Effect of Blossom Thinners on Fruit Set and Fruit Size of Peaches

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duane W. Greene ◽  
Karen I. Hauschild ◽  
James Krupa
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Crop Load ◽  
Ammonium Thiosulfate ◽  
Good Coverage

Endothall (mono-N,N-dimethylalkylamine salt, 15.9%, endothallic acid 3.8%), ammonium thiosulfate (ATS, 55%), and Wilthin (1-aminomethanamide dihydrogen tetraoxosulfate, 79%) were evaluated over 3 years for use as blossom thinners on mature `Garnet Beauty' and `Red Haven' peaches (Prunus persica). Endothall and ATS were the most effective blossom thinners and reduced set in all 3 years. Wilthin reduced initial set in 2 of 3 years. Hand thinning was reduced by 50% to 80% on endothall and ATS treated trees. The reduction in crop load at bloom resulted in significant increases in fruit size at harvest. We suggest the use of ATS at a rate of 35 to 45 L·ha-1 (3.5 to 5 gal/acre) and endothall at 1.8 L·ha-1 (1.5 pt/acre), applied in 935 L·ha-1 (100 gal/acre) on mature trees. The use of Wilthin at rates higher than 18.6 L·ha-1 (8 qt/acre) may be required for adequate thinning, but phytotoxicity at higher rates was not tested. Other important components for successful blossom thinning include applying materials before the majority of flowers have been pollinated (slightly before full bloom) and to apply the spray when there is very littlewind to assure good coverage and to prevent localized areas displaying increased phytotoxicity.

scholarly journals EARLY THINNING OF PROCESSING PEACHES COSTS MORE BUT IS PROFITABLE

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 590d-590
Author(s):  
T.M. DeJong ◽  
K.R. Day ◽  
R. Beede ◽  
R.S. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Peach Fruit ◽  
Crop Load ◽  
Fruit Thinning ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Early Maturing

Current recommendations for fruit thinning of processing clingstone peaches in California suggest that growers delay thinning until an assessment of fruit size is made at reference date (10 days after first indications of pit hardening) and then adjust the crop load according to the fruit size attained. Recent research on modelling peach fruit growth indicates that delaying thinning until reference date (usually mid-May) can substantially limit final fruit size potential and crop yield when initial fruit set is heavy. In 1991 we initialed a field study to lest these model predictions and evaluate the yield response and economic feasibility of fruit thinning within 50 days of bloom to a specific crop load. The experiment was conducted in commercial orchards of the extra-early maturing cling peach cultivars Loadel and Carson. Three thinning treatments involved thinning different sets of trees on April 10, April 30, (∼30 and 50 dafb) and May 23 (reference date). Although costs of thinning at the earlier dates were 140-290% of thinning at reference date the increase in yield resulting from early thinning more than compensated for the higher thinning costs. There were no major effects of thinning treatment on the occurrence of split pits or other quality characteristics. This research has stimulated a re-evaluation of commercial fruit thinning practices used for clingstone peaches in California.

scholarly journals Cytokinin and Ethephon Affect Crop Load, Shoot Growth, and Nutrient Concentration of `Empire' Apple Trees

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1011-1014 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.C. Elfving ◽  
R.A. Cline
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Crop Load ◽  
Fruit Flesh ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
Foliar Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Commercial Crop

Benzyladenine (BA) applied postbloom at 125 and 250 mg·liter-1 thinned `Empire' apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees below commercial crop levels but thinned less than thidiazuron (THI) at 62 and 125 mg·liter-1. Ethephon (ETH) applied up to 250 mg·liter-1 reduced fruit set only slightly. When BA was tank-mixed with ETH, thinning was the same as with BA alone. Although THI thinned more, BA resulted in a larger increase in fruit weight. Seed development was nearly eliminated by THI, but was unaffected by either BA or ETH. Thinner effects on foliar nutrient concentrations were associated with changes in fruit load but not shoot growth. The effects of BA and ETH on fruit-flesh nutrient concentrations were similar to their effects on foliar nutrient concentrations. Although THI thinned strongly and produced large changes in foliar nutrient concentrations and seed count, THI resulted in virtually no changes in fruit-flesh nutrient concentrations. Chemical names used: N-(phenylmethyl)-1 H-purine-6-amine (benzyladenine); 2-chlorophosphonic acid (ethephon); N-phenyl-N'-1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-ylurea (thidiazuron).

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