scholarly journals Out Season Onion Production Using `Sterling' Variety in Northwestern Mexico

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 758B-758
Author(s):  
Ruben Macias-Duarte ◽  
Raul Leonel Grijalva-Contreras* ◽  
Manuel de Jesus Valenzuela-Ruiz ◽  
Fabian Robles-Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation System ◽  
Onion Bulb ◽  
Plant Establishment ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Double Row ◽  
White Variety ◽  
Northwestern Mexico ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
Long Photoperiod

In Northwestern Mexico, the sowing, transplant and vegetative development of onion bulb coincide with the winter and the harvest with the end of the spring. During the summer, this vegetable can't be produced because there were no varieties that develop appropriately under the high temperature and constant humidity characteristic of this time of the year. For this reason, in autumn and winter. there exists a shortage of onion in the market being increased the value of the same one. The objective of the present investigation was to evaluate and to develop a methodology to produce onion bulb in autumn. This experiment was carried out at INIFAP-CIRNO Experimental Station on. The white variety used was `Sterling' of long photoperiod. The plant establishment was on 27 Apr. 2002 (82 days after sow date) in this trial we used furrows to double row, with 1.00-m separation among them. Fertilization with nitrogen and phosphorus (180 and 80 kg·ha-1 respectively), during the growing season using drip irrigation system. Two application were applied against the fungous disease (Metalaxil + Clorotalonil). Our results indicate that the bulb obtained had a globe form with good quality and firmness. The harvest time was from 7 to 10 Sept., with means bulb weight of 214 grams and a yield of 36.5 t·ha-1.

scholarly journals Yield and Quality of Onion Varieties Under Direct Seed and Transplant Seedling

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 801D-801
Author(s):  
Ruben Macias-Duarte ◽  
Raul Leonel Grijalva-Contreras* ◽  
Manuel de Jesus Valenzuela-Ruiz ◽  
Fabian Robles-Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Economic Condition ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Double Row ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
The Cost

The onion bulb production In Mexico is about 39,000 ha annually. Yield is variable according to the technological capacity and economic condition of the grower. However, The technology adoption (new varieties, efficient irrigation system and establishment methods) is increased during the last years. Traditionally in Mexico the grower use the manual transplant of seedling, that which increases the cost and time of this labor. The objective of the present Experiment was to evaluate Two establishment methods (direct seed and transplant seedling) and the effect on 24 bulb varieties. The evaluation was carried out in INIFAP-CIRNO Experimental Station in furrows with 1.00 m of separation among them, with double row of plants, the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus used were 180 and 80 kg·ha-1 respectively, we used the drip irrigation system. In this experiment we observed that the system of direct seed obtained better yield (18%), bulb weight (21%) and precocity (11 days) in comparing to the transplant methods, however in the first treatment the floral stem emission was greater (6.7% vs 1.1%) of the transplant methods. The white varieties with high yield were: White onion 214 and Cal 128 with 71.4 and 65.7 ton/ha. The purple varieties was F1 Cal 192 with 68.3 t·ha-1 and the yellow varieties was Ringer Cal 160 with 63.2 t·ha-1.

scholarly journals Aquaculture Feeds Can Be Outlaws for Eutrophication When Hidden in Rice Fields? A Case Study in Qianjiang, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (22) ◽  
pp. 4471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu ◽  
Hu ◽  
Song ◽  
Chen ◽  
Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Material Balance ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Output Analysis ◽  
Water Eutrophication

Water eutrophication caused by agricultural production has become one of the most important factors that impede sustainable rural environmental governance in China. As a result, the Chinese central and local governments want to reduce the use of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer and gain socioeconomical profit simultaneously by promoting crayfish and rice integrated system (CRIS) in the rural areas with abundant water resources. In this article, we investigated whether CRIS in Qianjiang, Hubei, the origin place of the system in China, contributes to fulfilling the governments’ expectations. We found that CRIS efficaciously cuts the fertilizer rate in rice production and boosts farmers’ incomes because crayfish has a demand for water quality and holds a large internal market requirement. However, higher profit encourages farmers to expand crayfish production and thus discourages the initiatives in rice production. The area of the ditch for crayfish production expands ceaselessly and exceeds the limit of regulation of CRIS. As a result, the CRIS in the areas has emerged as a practice of aquaculture but in farmland. This is a regulatory gap. The input–output analysis of CRIS by material balance method can also reveal that excessive feed for crayfish has become a new source of agricultural pollution. Beyond that, due to the changed irrigation system and increased water exchange frequency of CRIS, the pollution has transformed from passive distribution to active, which will increase the risk of water eutrophication on a large area.

INFLUENCE OF PHOTOPERIOD ON OESTROGENIC INDUCTION OF NEST-BUILDING IN CANARIES

1972 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELIZABETH STEEL ◽  
R. A. HINDE
Keyword(s):  
Nest Building ◽  
Similar Difference ◽  
Hormone Injection ◽  
Exogenous Oestrogen ◽  
Building Activity ◽  
Building Behaviour ◽  
High Level ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
Long Photoperiod

SUMMARY A 20h light:4h darkness lighting schedule induced a high level of gathering behaviour in intact canary hens in autumn and winter. The same schedule was relatively ineffective in ovariectomized birds, indicating that the ovary is normally a mediator in the photostimulation of nest-building behaviour. However, exogenous oestrogen given to ovariectomized birds on normal winter daylengths resulted in only a slight increase in gathering behaviour, while in similar birds previously exposed for 5 weeks to a 20h light: 4h darkness schedule a rapid increase in gathering occurred to a level approaching that of intact birds on long photoperiods. A similar difference in response to hormone injection with and without exposure to long photoperiods was also seen with testosterone and with oestrogen and testosterone in combination. Nest-building was not completely eliminated in ovariectomized birds. Ovariectomized birds on 20h light:4h darkness per day gathered more than those on normal daylengths. This is unlikely to be a consequence of the longer time available for building activity as it can be suppressed in the long-photoperiod birds by methallibure, a gonadotrophin inhibitor. The possibility that a non-ovarian mechanism is involved in building behaviour is discussed. The results suggest that although the effect of long photoperiods on nest-building is mediated largely by oestrogen there is a second factor operating without which oestrogen is relatively ineffective. Possible mechanisms for this effect are discussed.

scholarly journals Experimental Water Treatment Plant from Agrozootechnical Farm

2020 ◽  
Vol 180 ◽  
pp. 03010
Author(s):  
Iulian Florin Voicea ◽  
Ioana Corina Moga ◽  
Eugen Marin ◽  
Dragoş Dumitru ◽  
Cătălin Persu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Experimental Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Country Level

According to the existing statistical data at the country level, over 65% of the wastewater (rural from agricultural livestock farms) is discharged without purification, 61% are insufficiently purified and only 10-15% are properly purified. The pollution effect of wastewater not purified or insufficiently purified on surface waters, is mainly manifested by the content of suspended matter, of organic matter, in nutritional salts, ammonium and in pathogenic microorganisms. It is well-known that the nutritional salts of nitrogen and phosphorus cause the eutrophication of surface waters, with the effect of consuming the dissolved oxygen needed to sustain the aquatic life. Ammonia is particularly toxic to aquatic life. Unsaturated or insufficiently purified wastewater pollutes groundwater, among others with nitrates, ammonium and bacteriologically. From the presented results, the purification of waste water is an essential requirement of the development of human civilization. Being a necessity with special social and ecological implications, the unitary regulation and the general provision of the necessary infrastructure is a priority, in this sense an article will be presented in an experimental treatment station that performs the collection of waste water from an agrozootechnical farm. The purification of water within this experimental model of treatment plant will be done autonomously from an energy point of view (electricity supply is carried out through a hybrid system based on photovoltaic panels and wind turbine), and the recovery. The use of purified water is done in a greenhouse, using a mixed irrigation system (dripping / spray irrigation).

scholarly journals Decentralised wastewater treatment effluent fertigation: preliminary technical assessment

Water SA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (2 April) ◽  
Author(s):  
W Musazura ◽  
AO Odindo ◽  
EH Tesfamariam ◽  
JC Hughes ◽  
CA Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Effluent ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus Uptake

The Decentralised Wastewater Treatment System (DEWATS) can provide a potential sanitation solution to residents living in informal settlements with the effluent produced being used on agricultural land. This paper reports on a first step to assess the technical viability of this concept. To do so a pilot DEWATS plant was connected to 83 houses in the eThekwini Municipality. An experiment was conducted in a randomised complete block design with 2 treatments (DEWATS effluent irrigation and tap water irrigation + fertiliser) and 3 blocks. Banana and taro crops were irrigated using an automated drip irrigation system. Data on the weather, crop growth, nitrogen and phosphorus uptake and soil chemical properties were collected. Irrigation with DEWATS effluent was comparable to tap water + fertiliser especially for banana growth and biomass production. Banana and taro required 3 514 mm of irrigation effluent. About 0.0117 ha·household−1 (23.3 m2·person−1) was found to be an adequate area for effluent reuse. Wet-weather storage requirements were calculated to be about 9.2 m3·household−1. DEWATS effluent, after passing through a horizontal flow wetland, was unable to meet banana and taro nitrogen and phosphorus requirements. Nutrient monitoring is required when using anaerobic filter effluent from a DEWATS for irrigating banana and taro. 

Soil carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus changes from conversion of thornscrub to buffelgrass pasture in northwestern Mexico

2015 ◽  
Vol 199 ◽  
pp. 231-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Morales-Romero ◽  
Julio Campo ◽  
Hector Godinez-Alvarez ◽  
Francisco Molina-Freaner
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Northwestern Mexico

scholarly journals Stoichiometry of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewater from Romania

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-129
Author(s):  
Florinela Pirvu ◽  
◽  
Iuliana Paun ◽  
Marcela Niculescu ◽  
Vasile Ion Iancu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Sampling Point ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Southeastern Part ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
Very High

Water resources crisis can lead to a new concept of wastewater treatment. Wastewater cannot be considered waste but can be a renewable or non-renewable energy source. Nutrients from wastewater could be recycled and not disposed of. A circular economy can be created that can be based on the ability of algae to absorb and store nutrients: carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). This study investigates the stoichiometry between carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewater from three geographical regions of Romania. The concentrations of inorganic nitrogen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total organic carbon were compared and evaluated. Three wastewater sampling points located in different areas were monitored, in the period 2013-2017 for the sampling point located in the central-northern part of the Romanian Plain and in the period 2015-2017 for the other two studied areas. The obtained results showed very high values of total nitrogen concentrations with values between 28.2 mg/L and 107.2 mg/L for the southeastern part of Romania. The values of the stoichiometric ratio’s C/N, C/P, N/P have varied over time with maximums in the autumn and winter seasons which indicates the existence of significant contamination of wastewater. It may be possible in the future to improve the performance of wastewater treatment by adjusting C, N, and P parameters.

scholarly journals Inflorescence production in plants and in seed crops of Poa pratensis L. and Festuca rubra L. as affected by juvenility of tillers and tiller density.

1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-136
Author(s):  
W.J.M. Meijer
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Considerable Effect ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Seed Crops ◽  
Tiller Density ◽  
Autumn And Winter

The vegetative development of seed crops of P. pratensis and red fescue and the production of inflorescences in the 1st yr may vary considerably when sown under a cover crop. Juvenile tillers were studied in pot experiments. In field experiments, low inflorescence production in late-sown P. pratensis mainly resulted from too few tillers, whereas the tillers that emerged during late autumn and winter were very fertile. In late-sown red fescue crops, low inflorescence production mainly resulted from the low fertility of late emerging tillers. In field experiments on sowing rate, density had a considerable effect on the capacity of consecutive tillers to produce inflorescences. The mortality of later appearing generations of tillers increased rapidly. Management methods to attain adequate crop development and reduce density effects are discussed. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Mesozooplankton size-fractionated metabolism and feeding off NW Spain during autumn: effects of a poleward current

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 526-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Alejandro Isla ◽  
Ricardo Anadón
Keyword(s):  
High Salinity ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Nw Spain ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Mesozooplankton Biomass ◽  
Diel Vertical Migrations ◽  
Autumn And Winter

Abstract Two consecutive cruises were carried out off NW Spain in October 1999 in an attempt to obtain information on the poleward current that affects the hydrodynamics of this area during autumn and winter. The stations sampled were divided into three zones: coastal (C), between the saline intrusion and the coast; poleward current (P), where salinity at 100-m depth was >35.85; and oceanic (O), outside the poleward current. Phytoplankton biomass, integrated through the photic zone, was similar for the three zones. Conversely, mesozooplankton biomass showed high spatial variation, with the lowest values associated with the high-salinity current. There was a decreasing trend in the relative importance of the biomass of the largest size class (>1000 μm) from coastal to oceanic zones. The lowest percentages of both Chl a and primary production ingested daily by copepods were measured at the poleward current stations. Specific metabolic rates were not significantly different between zones. The total amount of carbon respired and the NH4 and PO4 released were highest in coastal areas and lowest within the poleward current, in agreement with the pattern observed for mesozooplankton biomass. Diel vertical migrations were more marked in the coastal areas, decreasing gradually towards the oceanic stations. The role of mesozooplankton in promoting the flux of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus followed the same spatial distribution. Overall, the contribution of mesozooplankton to biogeochemical cycles seems to be minor in the poleward current compared to the other two zones, possibly as a consequence of the low biomass associated with this current.

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