Mycorrhiza-induced Changes in Partitioning and Composition Alters Flower and Vegetative Production of Floral Geophytes

Resource partitioning and plant storage components are important factors that influence the productivity and profitability of geophyte species produced as floral crops. We determined that inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can alter different plant characteristics affecting productivity and quality of bulb and cut flower production of several floral geophytes including Brodiaea laxa, Zephyranthes sp., Sparaxis tricolor, Freesia × hybrida, Zantedeschia sp., and Canna sp. Plant growth, flower production, bulb/corm/tuber (bulb) production and composition were measured for two growth cycles after inoculation with Glomus intraradices. In general, shoots and flowers on plants inoculated with AMF emerged earlier than shoots and flowers on non-inoculated plants for species that produced most of their leaf area prior to flower emergence. However for species that produced leaves throughout the growth cycle or large flowers early in the growth cycle, AMF inoculation delayed shoot emergence and flower emergence. Many species that exhibited an earlier flower emergence or produced more flowers in response to AMF inoculation also produced smaller daughter bulbs and more offsets than non-inoculated plants. Across all species, the concentrations and contents of several storage components (Zn, S, and N, amino acids, and carbohydrates) that influence bulb quality were increased by AMF inoculation. Changes in partitioning between bulb and flower production resulting from AMF inoculation altered important aspects of commercial geophyte production for flowers or bulbs. AMF-induced increases in mineral uptake and resource storage are also related to aspects of quality important in the production of vegetative propagates.

Download Full-text

Inoculation with Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Rhizobacteria Alters Nutrient Allocation and Flowering of Harlequin Flower

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech.14.1.0039 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 39-48 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

C.F. Scagel

Keyword(s):

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Glomus Intraradices ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Leaf Production ◽

Flower Production ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Vesicular Arbuscular ◽

Shoot Emergence

We assessed whether addition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) inoculum or rhizosphere organisms from AMF inoculum alters aspects of flowering, corm production, or corm quality of harlequin flower (Sparaxis tricolor) for two growth cycles after inoculation. Using pasteurized and nonpasteurized growth medium, plants were inoculated with either inoculum of the AMF, Glomus intraradices, or washings of the inoculum containing rhizobacteria. Shoots of plants inoculated with AMF emerged 2 days earlier than shoots on noninoculated plants or plants inoculated with inoculum washings. Flowers on AMF-inoculated plants opened 7-8 days earlier and plants produced more flowers per plant and per inflorescence than noninoculated plants. AMF-inoculated plants partitioned a higher proportion of biomass to cormel production than to daughter corms and had higher concentration and contents of zinc, sulfur, nitrogen, amino acids, and carbohydrates than corms from noninoculated plants. The rhizosphere organisms associated with the AMF inoculum influenced several measures of plant development, growth, and corm production suggesting that there are organisms associated with our AMF inoculum that have beneficial effects on the growth and productivity of harlequin flower. While inoculation with AMF can promote shoot emergence, leaf production, and flower production of harlequin flower, inoculation also alters aspects of biomass partitioning and corm composition that play an important role in the production of this crop for corms and cormels.

Download Full-text

Quantifying the growth of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: usefulness of the fractal dimension

Botany ◽

10.1139/b09-006 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 87 (4) ◽

pp. 387-400 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Christine Juge ◽

Annie Champagne ◽

Andrew P. Coughlan ◽

Nicolas Juge ◽

Lael Parrott ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fractal Dimension ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Time Course ◽

Glomus Intraradices ◽

Fungal Growth ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Hyphal Growth ◽

Growth Cycle

The present study is, to the best of our knowledge, the first to investigate the use of the fractal dimension (FD) to quantify the growth and development of undisturbed, fully functional arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) hyphae developing in vitro. The majority of the work focused on the model AM fungus Glomus intraradices DAOM 181602. The time course study and final measurements of an intact mature extraradical mycelium allowed us to compare the development of the mycelium and the FD value. The final FD value of 1.62 for the mature mycelium is similar to that obtained for highly branched root systems and tree crowns. The FD method was used to characterize the morphology of germinative and presymbiotic hyphae in the presence of stimulatory (strigolactone GR-24, 0.1 µmol·L–1 and bisphenol A, 10 µmol·L–1) and inhibitory (NaCl, 80 mmol·L–1) molecules, and the extraradical phase in the presence of an inhibitory molecule (NaCl, 80 mmol·L–1). Where possible, results were compared with those obtained using the traditional grid-line (GL) technique. The FD approach allowed treatment effects to be accurately quantified, both in germinative and extraradical phases. In the second case, this technique provided a single quantitative value of extraradical hyphal growth that included runner hyphae (RH) networks, and fine-branching (FB) ramifications. This is in contrast to the GL technique, which provides a value for the estimation of RH, but which is not suitable for accurately measuring FB hyphae. Given the ease with which the FD values can be calculated, and the fact that this method can provide a single value for the quantification of extraradical hyphal growth and development, we suggest that this method is useful for in vitro studies. Furthermore under certain situations of germinative or presymbiotic growth, it may be used in concert with the GL method to provide a greater degree of information about hyphal morphology. The usefulness and limits of the FD method at different stages of the AM fungal growth cycle are discussed.

Download Full-text

Soil Pasteurization and Mycorrhizal Inoculation Alter Flower Production and Corm Composition of Brodiaea laxa `Queen Fabiola'

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.39.6.1432 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 39 (6) ◽

pp. 1432-1437 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

C.F. Scagel

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Average Weight ◽

Cut Flower ◽

Flower Production ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Mycorrhizal Inoculation ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal ◽

Soil Pasteurization ◽

Amf Inoculation

The ornamental flowering bulb Brodiaea laxa Benth. `Queen Fabiola' was grown with or without arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) inoculum in pasteurized or nonpasteurized soil to determine if inoculation altered flower and corm production. The first growing cycle after planting, mycorrhizal inoculation decreased the days to anthesis and increased the number of flowers produced per inflorescence and flower longevity. It also affected the quality of the daughter corm, which influenced flowering the following year. Inoculated plants produced larger daughter corms and more cormels than uninoculated plants, and allocated more biomass to the corms than the cormels, which lowered the average weight of the cormels. Corms produced by inoculated plants also had higher concentration of nitrogen, potassium, zinc, and nonreducing sugars than those produced by uninoculated plants. The beneficial effects of AMF inoculation on flowering and corm/cormel production were generally increased by soil pasteurization. The results indicate that mycorrhizal inoculation may enhance commercial cut flower and corm production of this crop.

Download Full-text

Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Chemical Constituents in Cotton/Alfalfa Mixed Culture

Agriculture (Pol nohospodárstvo) ◽

10.1515/agri-2017-0006 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 63 (2) ◽

pp. 67-73

Author(s):

Mazen Ibrahim

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Mixed Culture ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Glomus Intraradices ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Matter Production ◽

Positive Effect ◽

Amf Inoculation

Abstract A pot experiment was conducted to study the extent of changes occurring in the nutrients, chlorophyll and protein of plants grown in cotton/alfalfa mixed culture as affected by inoculation with indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). The experiment consisted of mycorrhizal treatments (with and without AMF inoculation) and three planting patterns (cotton monoculture, alfalfa monoculture, cotton/alfalfa mixed culture). Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) inoculum previously isolated from a rhizospheric soil of cotton, was a mixture of Glomus intraradices, G. viscosum, and G. mosseae. Results showed that total chlorophyll and protein concentrations, and nutrients content were higher in AM cotton plants compared with the non-AM control. Mixed culture had a positive effect on all the above parameters in cotton shoot. The highest values were noted in AM plants in the mixed culture. Improved chemicals and biochemical constituents in cotton led to an increase in dry matter production. The highest dry matter was observed in the AM mixed culture, and was significantly higher by 1.4 times than that of non-AM monoculture.

Download Full-text

Studies on the effect of mycorrhization of potato roots on the hatching activity of potato root leachate towards the potato cyst nematodes, Globodera pallida and G. rostochiensis

Nematology ◽

10.1163/156854107782024758 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 719-729 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Patrick Haydock ◽

Peter Jones ◽

Ken Devine ◽

Thomas Deliopoulos

Keyword(s):

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Glomus Intraradices ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Globodera Pallida ◽

Cyst Nematodes ◽

Potato Root ◽

Potato Plants ◽

Species Specific ◽

Amf Inoculation

AbstractSuccessful mycorrhization of potato plants cv. Golden Wonder was achieved with three commercial preparations of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF): Vaminoc (mixed-isolate inoculum) and two of its components, Glomus intraradices and Glomus mosseae. Potato cyst nematode hatching assays were conducted on the potato root leachate (PRL) produced by inoculated and non-inoculated potato plants to examine the effect of AMF inoculation on the hatching response of the two PCN species, Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida. The overall hatch response of G. rostochiensis to the potato root leachate was greater than G. pallida. Root leachates from Vaminoc- and G. mosseae-inoculated plants were found to stimulate the hatch of G. pallida in the first 3 weeks after shoot emergence. Fractionation of root leachates with standardised carbon content by Sephadex G-10 chromatography revealed multiple AMF effects on hatching factor (HF) production. Root leachates from Vaminoc-inoculated plants contained markedly more G. pallida-active HF than all other treatments; by contrast, PRL from the three AMF treatments exhibited little variation in the quantity of G. rostochiensis-active HF produced. Several HF were PCN species-specific or species-selective, with those resolved from the G. intraradices and G. mosseae PRL profiles exhibiting an apparent preference for G. rostochiensis rather than G. pallida. Mycorrhization also significantly increased the root dry weight of plants.

Download Full-text

Changes in essential oil and morpho-physiological traits of tarragon (Artemisia dracuncalus L.) in responses to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, AMF (Glomus intraradices N.C. Schenck & G.S. Sm.) inoculation under salinity

Acta agriculturae Slovenica ◽

10.14720/aas.2017.109.2.06 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 109 (2) ◽

pp. 215

Author(s):

Amin Lamian ◽

Hassanali Naghdi Badi ◽

Ali Mehrafarin ◽

Mehdi Seif Sahandi

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Glomus Intraradices ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Physiological Traits ◽

Bornyl Acetate ◽

Methyl Chavicol ◽

Salinity Condition ◽

Amf Inoculation

This study aimed to evaluate the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) (Glomus intraradices N.C. Schenck & G.S. Sm.) inoculation and salinity effect on qualitative and quantitative changes in tarragon yield. Treatments included inoculation, and non-inoculation of AMF, and five salinity levels of irrigation water (with the electrical conductivity of 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 dS m-1). The results showed the plant height, SPAD value, number of leaves, dry mass of leaves and shoot per plant were reduced under salinity condition. The various levels of salinity decreased the content of tarragon essential oil and some its components consist of α-pinene, limonene, Z-ocimene, E-ocimene, and methyl chavicol while, it increased the content of bornyl acetate, eugenol, methyl eugenol, caryophyllene, germacrene, and α-farnesene. AMF inoculation without salinity had the greatest positive effect on the evaluated traits of tarragon. Also, it improved the morpho-physiological traits under salinity due to alleviation of the harmful effects of salinity. Although the essential oil content was reduced with the AMF inoculation, the methyl chavicol amount was increased by the AMF inoculation under salinity condition.

Download Full-text

Application of Glomus deserticola as bio-fertilizer of Gasteraloe in saline growing medium and biocontrol of Fusarium sp.

10.30574/msabp.2021.1.2.0023 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 001-008

Author(s):

Domenico Prisa

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Salt Water ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Growth Cycle ◽

Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽

Fusarium Sp ◽

Dry Soil ◽

Glomus Deserticola

In this study the possibility of using a biostimulant based on Glomus deserticola to improve the growth and quality of Gasteraloe plants and protection against Fusarium sp. was evaluated. Objectives of the work were: i) use Glomus deserticola to assess whether the use of this Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can increase the growth rate of Gasteraloe plants generally slow in their growth cycle; ii) consider if the use of Glomus deserticola can lead to an increase in plant resistance under saline substrate conditions; iii) evaluate how the use of Glomus deserticola allows greater protection of plants from Fusarium sp. which often affects the roots of these succulents. The four experimental groups in cultivation were: i) group without Glomus, irrigated with water and substrate previously fertilized; ii) group without Glomus, irrigated with salt water (0.50 g of NaCl Kg-1 dry soil) and substrate previously fertilized; iii) group with Glomus deserticola, irrigated with water and substrate previously fertilized; iv) group with Glomus deserticola, irrigated with salt water (0.50 g of NaCl Kg-1 dry soil) and substrate previously fertilized. The test showed a significant increase in agronomic parameters analyzed in plants treated with Glomus deserticola on Gasteraloe cv. Magica and Gasteraloe aristata x platinum. The test also highlighted how the use of mycorrhizae in particular of Glomus spp. can determine a greater resistance against salt stress and greater protection against attacks of Fusarium sp. The application of mycorrhizae in the cultivation of succulent plants guarantees growers the possibility of obtaining a superior quality product, greater resistance to biotic and abiotic stress, an increase in the growth rate and mineral content of the tissues, aspects that are then found in the improvement of the quality of the plants and consequently their commercialization.

Download Full-text

Mycorrhizal Fungi in Rooting Substrate Influences the Quantity and Quality of Roots on Stem Cuttings of Hick's Yew

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech.13.1.0062 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 62-66 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

C.F. Scagel ◽

K. Reddy ◽

J.M. Armstrong

Keyword(s):

Root Growth ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Glomus Intraradices ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Root Initiation ◽

Stem Cuttings ◽

Primary Roots ◽

Vesicular Arbuscular

In a commercial nursery propagation system for hick's yew (Taxu×media `Hicksii'), we assessed whether or not the addition of inoculum of the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (VAMF) Glomus intraradices into the rooting substrate during cutting propagation increased rooting, and how the quantity of inoculum influenced rooting. At 15 and 22 weeks (108 and 156 d) after cuttings were treated with root hormones and stuck, root initiation was higher on cuttings stuck in the rooting substrate containing VAMF inoculum. Increasing the quantity of inoculum in the rooting substrate increased root growth during the early stages of rooting. However the highest level of inoculum tested increased adventitious root initiation without increased root growth. Our results indicate that if VAMF inoculum is used during propagation from cuttings, there are optimal levels required to alter the initiation and growth of roots. For hick's yew, 1:100 or 2:100 (by volume) rates of G. intraradices in the rooting substrate increased the number of primary roots and growth of adventitious roots on cuttings above that achieved by using rooting hormone alone.

Download Full-text

Growth and quality parameters of Tea (Camellia sinensis) mediated by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Nova Biotechnologica et Chimica ◽

10.36547/nbc.v19i2.673 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 232-239

Author(s):

Animesh Sarkar ◽

Md. Musfiqur Rahman ◽

Jayanto Kumar Sarkar ◽

Md H. Rashid ◽

Md. Musfiqur Rahman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Camellia Sinensis ◽

Natural Condition ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Soil Treatment ◽

Natural Soil ◽

Tea Plants ◽

Amf Inoculation

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation not only increases the growth but also improves the quality of many commercial plants. Tea (Camellia sinensis) plants were grown on different growth medium (with and without AMF inoculation) and the chemical properties of the leaves were assayed and compared. The growth media were sterilized soil with AMF, sterilized soil, natural soil inoculated with AMF, natural soil, and natural soil in natural condition with AMF. The highest root colonization (23 %) was found in tea plants grown on natural soil with AMF, whereas no colonization was found in the sterilized soil treatment. The highest level of leaf chlorophyll-a (2.74±0.06 μg.mL-1), chlorophyll-b (1.77±0.03 μg.mL-1) and carotenoid (0.35±0.01 μg.mL-1) contents were found in tea plants grown on natural soil under natural condition with AMF. The highest polyphenol concentration (64.46 mg.L-1) was found in natural soil inoculated with AMF whereas the lowest (38.09 mg.L-1) was recorded in sterilized soil. The highest contents of tannin (30.34 mg.mL-1) and reducing sugar (46.61 mg.L-1) were recorded in plants grown on natural soil under natural condition with AMF and the lowest values (21.22 mg.mL-1, 33.16 mg.L-1, respectively) in sterilized soil treatment. Though antioxidant properties (% scavenging effect) did not differed due to treatments, the highest IAA (Indole-3-acetic acid) concentration (3.16 μg.mL-1) was recorded in tea plants grown on natural soil under natural condition with AMF. The study concludes that AMF inoculation improves the quality of tea leaves.

Download Full-text

Nursery and post-transplant field response of olive trees to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in an arid region

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp08143 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 60 (5) ◽

pp. 427 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Arnon Dag ◽

Uri Yermiyahu ◽

Alon Ben-Gal ◽

Issac Zipori ◽

Yoram Kapulnik

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Arid Region ◽

Glomus Intraradices ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Correct Choice ◽

Shoot Biomass ◽

Olive Cultivars ◽

Olive Trees ◽

Amf Inoculation

We evaluated arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) for enhancement of irrigated olive (Olea europaea L.) tree growth and vigour under arid horticultural conditions. The response of 12 common commercial olive cultivars to AMF (Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices) inoculation was measured in a nursery experiment. Long-term post-transplanting response to AMF inoculation (G. intraradices alone or G. intraradices + G. mosseae) at the seedling stage was also assessed for 3 cultivars in an irrigated orchard in an arid region. Two control treatments without AMF inoculation were evaluated: one with fertilisers provided as in commercial olive nurseries, the other with no fertiliser application during the time of the inoculation treatments. Inoculated v. uninoculated plants in the nursery showed increases in height, and root and shoot biomass. Intensity of response was highly cultivar-specific. Olive trees inoculated with AMF also performed better than untreated plants in the orchard experiment. Inoculated plants in the nursery showed consistent increases in P and K content both in leaves and roots. Fertilisation at the first growth stage, after rooting, did not contribute to seedling growth and therefore, the practice of stopping fertilisation to promote AMF inoculation was found acceptable. With the correct choice of cultivar–inoculum combination, AMF inoculation technology can benefit olive cultivation, particularly in arid regions where native AMF levels are low.

Download Full-text