scholarly journals Fluctuating Controlled Water Table Irrigation

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 769D-770
Author(s):  
Jack W. Buxton* ◽  
Janet Pfeiffer ◽  
Darrell Slone
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Optimum Placement ◽  
Growing Medium ◽  
Rate Of Movement

A controlled water table irrigation system (CWT) automatically provides water to plants. One edge of a capillary mat, on the bench surface, draws water from a trough (water table) below the bench. Each treatment trough was 30 cm long. As the distance between the water surface and the bench surface increases, the water in the growing medium decreases, the air increases; and the water potential decreases. In previous studies a constant CWT of 2 cm below the bench surface was the optimum placement for producing 15-cm pots of geranium. In this study the water table fluctuated between two distances below the bench surface. The fluctuating treatments were 2 cm to 3 cm, 2 cm to 4 cm, and 1 cm to 4 cm. The control treatment remained at a constant 2 cm below the bench surface. The fluctuating treatments were established by using two liquid level controllers connected to a switching mechanism that allowed the water table to fluctuate between the treatment settings. The rate of movement from the higher level to the lower level was determined by the rate of transpiration and evaporation occurring in individual treatments. The amount of water used for each treatment was determined by counting the number of times the solenoid turned on and multiplying this by the amount of water added to the trough. The leaf area and dry weight were the same for plants grown in 2 cm, 2 to 3 cm, and 2 to 4 cm treatments and these treatments were significantly greater than plants in the 1 to 4 cm treatment. The amount of water used by all treatments was nearly the same.

Irrigation of Geraniums with an Automatic Controlled Water Table System

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 522d-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.W. Buxton ◽  
D.L. Ingram ◽  
Wenwei Jia
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Trickle Irrigation ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Optimum Water

Geraniums in 15-cm pots were irrigated automatically for 8 weeks with a Controlled Water Table (CWT) irrigation system. Plants were irrigated with a nutrient solution supplied by a capillary mat with one end of the mat suspended in a trough below the bottom of the pot. The nutrient solution remained at a constant level in the trough. Nutrient solution removed from the trough was immediately replaced from a larger reservoir. The vertical distance from the surface of the nutrient solution and the bottom of the pot determined the water/air ratio and water potential in the growing media. Treatments consisted of placing pots at 0, 2, 4, and 6 cm above the nutrient solution. Control plants were irrigated as needed with a trickle irrigation system. Geraniums grown at 0,2 and 4 CWT were ≈25% larger than the control plants and those grown at 6 CWT as measured by dry weight and leaf area. Roots of plants grown at 0 CWT were concentrated in the central area of the root ball; whereas roots of plants in other treatments were located more near the bottom of the pot. Advantages of the CWT system include: Plant controlled automatic irrigation; no run off; optimum water/air ratio.

scholarly journals Controlled Water Table Irrigation System Effect on Growing Medium Water Potential

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 565D-565c
Author(s):  
C.A. Mach ◽  
J.W. Buxton ◽  
R.S. Gates
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Automatic System ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Light Period ◽  
System Effect ◽  
Growing Medium ◽  
The Media ◽  
Water Ratio

The CWT irrigation system consists of a capillary mat placed on a level bench so one side extends over the edge of the bench into a trough containing a nutrient solution maintained at a controlled distance below the bench. The nutrient solution is drawn by capillarity up to and over the bench surface. As plants use the nutrient solution or as water evaporates from the media, it is replaced from the trough. The automatic system maintains a constant air/water ratio in the growing media. Geraniums were grown in a peat based media in 15-cm pots at 0, 2, and 4 cm CWT. In a separate study, the water potential was determined in two media. Water potential was determined at the bottom, middle, and top of the container at 0, 2 and 4 cm CWT every 2.5 hrs during the light period. Geraniums at 0 and 2 cm had the greatest leaf area and dry weight. The 0- and 2-cm treatments were >25% greater than plants at 4 cm CWT. The roots of plants at 0 cm CWT were concentrated at 2–4 cm above the bottom of the container, whereas roots at 2 cm CWT uniformily extended from the center to the bottom. Water potential was about the same in each media within each CWT treatment. The water potential from top to bottom decreased slightly about midafternoon on a sunny day when water demand was the greatest. Media at 0 CWT at the container bottom had 0 water potential; whereas the water potential at 2 and 4 CWT had a lower water potential.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF DIPPING IN GIBBERLLIC ACID AND SPRAYING NUTRIENT SOLUTION AGRO LEAF ON SOME VEGETATIVE GROWTH AND YIELD OF JERUSALUM ARTICHOKE.

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadik & et al.
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Factorial Experiment ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Highest Weight ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Number Of Branches

This study was conducted in experimental fields, Department of Horticulture, University of Bagdad, in Abu-Graib  during season 2011-2012 for jerusalum artichoke. This study was included the effect of dipping tubers in three concentrations of GA3(2.5,5,10g/l) (G1,G2,G3),as well as to control treatment (G0), and spraying nutrient solution Agro leaf A1 (8g/l), as well as to control treatment (A0). This study was made by using Factorial experiment (4*2) within the design RCBD with three replicates. Results could be summarized as follows: G3A0 increased field emergence (12.00 day), G2A0 increased percentage of germination (99.33%) and G2A1 increased number of branches (4.60 stem.plant-1) but the treatment G1A1gave highest rate for number of leaves, leaf area, guide of leaf area, dry weight of the vegetative parts and dry weight of 100gm tubers as(4495.10 leaf.plant-1, 2246.20 dsm2, 99.84, 922.40g, 24.00g.) respectively. The treatments gave significant differences quantity yield, so treatment G3A0 gave highest weight of the tubers as(45.55g.) but the treatment G3A1 gave highest number of the tubers as(68.00 tuber.plant-1 ) and highest yield of plant as (2890g/plant).

scholarly journals 681 Controlling Stress in Container-grown Plants

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 516B-516
Author(s):  
Jack W. Buxton
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Automatic System ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Light Period ◽  
Media Study ◽  
The Media ◽  
Water Ratio

The controlled water table irrigation system (CWT) consists of a capillary mat placed on a level bench so one side extends over the edge of the bench into a trough containing a nutrient solution maintained at a controlled distance below the bench. The nutrient solution is drawn by capillarity up to and over the bench surface. As plants use the nutrient solution or as water evaporates from the media, it is replaced from the trough. The automatic system maintains a constant air/water ratio in the growing media. Study 1: Geraniums were grown in 15-cm pots at 0, 2, and 4 cm CWT. Geraniums at 0 and 2 cm CWT had the greatest leaf area and dry weight. Plants at 0 and 2 cm CWT were more than 25% greater at 4 cm CWT. The roots of plants at 0 cm CWT were concentrated at 2 to 4 cm above the bottom of the container; whereas roots at 2 cm CWT uniformly extended from the center to the bottom. Study 2: Water potential in a coarse and fine textured media was determined at the bottom, middle and top of the container at 0, 2, and 4 cm CWT every 2.5 h during the light period. Water potential was about the same in each media within each CWT treatment. At the container bottom at 0 CWT water potential was 0; whereas the water potential at 2 and 4 CWT was lower. The water potential from top to bottom decreased slightly about mid afternoon on a sunny day when water demand was the greatest. The CWT system is potentially a commercially adaptable irrigation system for container crops. It also is a cheap, reliable tool for studying water stress on the crop growth and quality.

scholarly journals Production of Vegetable Transplants with the Controlled Water Table Irrigation System

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 633a-633
Author(s):  
Jack W. Buxton ◽  
Wenwei Jia
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Root Penetration ◽  
Growing Medium ◽  
Cabbage Seed ◽  
The Media ◽  
Greenhouse Vegetable ◽  
Solution Surface

Cabbage seed was germinated and grown to transplanting size in a 98-cell tray using an automatic irrigation system based on the principle of maintaining a constant water table (CWT) relative to the growing medium in transplant trays. Seedlings obtained a nutrient solution from a capillary mat with one end suspended in a trough containing the solution. The distance between the nutrient solution surface and the transplant tray bottom was regulated with a water level controller. The nutrient solution was resupplied from a larger reservoir. A polyester material on top of the capillary mat allowed solution movement to the roots but prevented root penetration into the mat. The water table placement below the tray determined the water content in the growing medium. Seedling growth was evaluated using two growing media combined with two water table placements. Excellent quality seedlings were produced; the CWT irrigation system satisfactory provided water and nutrients for the duration of the crop. The only problems observed were dry cells, less than 2%, because of no media–mat contact and algae growth on the media surface using the higher water table. The CWT irrigation system is adaptable to existing greenhouse vegetable transplant production systems. It is automatic and can provide a constant optimum amount of moisture for seedling growing. It can be adjusted for phases of seedling growing such as more water during germination and can create water stress near transplanting time to either harden off or hold plants because of unfavorable planting conditions.

scholarly journals Irrigation Frequency and Shading Influences on Water Relations and Growth of Container-Grown Euonymus japonica ‘Aureo-marginata’

1988 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 96-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.E. Newman ◽  
M.W. Follett
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Trickle Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Irrigation Level ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Unit Leaf

Trickle irrigation frequency, shading, water relations, and plant growth of container-grown Euonymus japonica Thunb. ‘Aureomarginata’ was investigated. Plants were grown under a combination of 3 irrigation frequencies and 2 shade levels. Stomatal conductance (gs) was reduced when plants were irrigated 3 times per week compared to irrigation daily and twice daily after week 4 under full sun and after week 8 under shade. Few differences were detected in predawn shoot water potential (Ψshoot) under shade at any irrigation level. The predawn shoot water potential (Ψshoot) was reduced (rnore negative) for plants irrigated 3 times per week compared to irrigation daily and twice daily after week 8 for plants grown under full sun and week 10 for plants grown under shade. These values remained lower for the duration of the study. Plants grown under shade and irrigated once daily had greater plant dry weight and leaf area compared to plants irrigated either twice daily or 3 times per week. They were also larger than all plants grown under full sun. Plants grown under shade had greater chlorophyll levels per unit leaf area. Under shade, plant quality was not affected by irrigation rates. However, only plants grown under shade were of salable quality.

scholarly journals EFEITO DA FREQÜÊNCIA DE IRRIGAÇÃO SUBSUPERFICIAL POR GOTEJAMENTO NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DA CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR (Saccharum spp.)

Irriga ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Barcellos Dalri ◽  
Raimundo Leite Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Subsurface Drip Irrigation ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Saccharum Spp ◽  
Subsurface Drip ◽  
Set Up

EFEITO DA Freqüência dE irrigação subsuperficial por gotejamento no desenvolvimento da cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum spp.)[1]   Alexandre Barcellos DalriRaimundo Leite Cruz Depto de Eng. Rural – FCA – UNESP – Campus de BotucatuCP 237 – Fone(14) 6802-7165 – CEP.  18603-970 – Botucatu – SP   1 RESUMO              Este trabalho teve como o objetivo, verificar o efeito da freqüência da irrigação subsuperficial por gotejamento no desenvolvimento inicial da cana-de-açúcar.            Os tubos gotejadores foram instalados sob a linha da cultura, a uma profundidade de 0,3 m. A cana-de-açúcar foi plantada no dia 03/03/2000 e a partir de 01/04/2000 iniciaram os tratamentos nas parcelas irrigadas. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos, e quatro repetições, definidos por regimes de freqüência da irrigação. O sistema de irrigação era acionado quando a evapotranspiração da cultura atingisse 10 mm, 20 mm, e 30 mm, para os tratamentos 1, 2, e 3 respectivamente. O tratamento 4 foi definido como testemunha (não irrigado).             A colheita foi realizada no dia 05/12/2000 e através da avaliação de produção de massa fresca, diâmetro e comprimento do colmo, e produção de massa seca, observou-se que não houve diferença estatística entre os diferentes regimes de freqüência de irrigação. Todavia, quando comparado com a testemunha, as irrigações proporcionaram um aumento médio maior que 45 % na produção de massa fresca e seca final dos colmos.   UNITERMOS: irrigação por gotejamento subsuperficial, cana-de-açúcar.   DALRI, A.B., CRUZ, R.L. EFFECT OF SUBSURFACE DRIP IRRIGATION FREQUENCY ON GROWTH OF SUGARCANE (Saccharum spp.)   2 ABSTRACT             The aim of this study was to verify subsurface drip irrigation effects on sugarcane initial growth.           Drip lines were set up under crop rows at 0.3 m deep. Sugarcane was planted on March 3, 2000, and drip irrigation treatments began on April 1, 2000. The experimental design was entirely randomized with four treatments and four replications according  to irrigation frequency. Irrigation system was turned on when crop evapotranspiration reached 10, 20 and 30 mm for the treatments 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Treatment 4 was considered  the control (without irrigation).           Harvest was carried out on December 5, 2000, and based on fresh and dry weight, stem diameter and length evaluation no statistical differences for irrigation frequencies have been observed, although irrigation has increased fresh and dried yield over 45% when compared to the control treatment.  KEYWORDS: subsurface drip irrigation, sugarcane.[1] Parte da dissertação do primeiro autor, para obtenção do título de Mestre em Agronomia – Irrigação e Drenagem

scholarly journals EFFECT OF SORBITOL AND BORON SPRAYING ON VEGETATIVE GROWTH AND FLOWERING OF STRAWBERRY FRAGARIA ANANASSA DUCH. CV. RUBY GEM: تأثير الرش بالسوربيتول والبورون في النمو الخضري والإزهار لنبات الشليك Fragaria ananassa Duch صنف Rubygem

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Humaid Rashid Moulin - Iyad Assi Obaid
Keyword(s):  
Boric Acid ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Fragaria Ananassa ◽  
Strawberry Plant ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Plant Leave ◽  
Root Dry Weight

    A field experiment was conducted at one of greenhouse belonged to College of agriculture – Diyala University. IRAQ, at fall season 2017 – 2018 in order to study the effect of foliar spray three concentrations of Sorbitol(0, 25, 50 gL-1) and Boric acid (B17%) at concentrations(0, 20, 40 mgL-1) on some growth vegetative and flowering of strawberry plant (Fragaria ananassa Duch) cv. Rubygum. using (R.CB.B.D) design with four replicate The result showed, the Sorbitol ,Boron and their interaction had significant effect on studied characters, The application of sorbitol at at 25 gL-1 spraying caused a significant increase in leave number, leaf area, plant leave area ,the vegetative dry weight. 57.880 leaf plant-1, 37.122 cm2.plant-1, 0.21482 m2.plant-1, 278.50 g.plant-1, respectively compared with control, also spraying of boric acid at 40mgL-1 recorded a significant increase in leave number, leaf area, plant leave area, the root dry weight reached 57.58 leaf plant-1, 36.975 cm2.plant-1, 0,21518 m2.plant-1, 11.669 g.plant-1 respectively, Whereas control treatment gave the lowest means of the above characters. The interaction between Sorbitol at 25gL-1 and Boron at 40mgL-1 spraying caused a significant increase in leave number, leaf area, plant leave area ,the, the vegetative dry weight, the root dry weight, reached to 65.890 leave.plant-1, 39.772 cm2.leave, 0.26228m2.plant-1, 84.670g.plant-1, 15.39 g.plant-1, respectively compared with control which gave the lowest means of the above characters. as well as spraying of the interaction between sorbitol at 0 and Boron at 20 mgL-1 gave a significantly increasing in number of flower reached 104.155 flower.plant-1 ,while the control recorded a lowest number of flower (82.274 flower.plant-1).    

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF PESTICIDES ON NITROGEN CONTENT OF TOMATO PLANT S

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 273D-273
Author(s):  
David N. Sasseville
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Uptake ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
N Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Growing Medium ◽  
Root Tissues

Tomato plants were grown in a greenhouse in a sand:soil mixture with six pesticide treatments applied weekly at 1 mg a.i./kg soil mixture as a soil drench. Plants were grown for six weeks with nitrogen applied weekly at 80 mg per plant as calcium nitrate. Glyphosate (Roundup) was toxic to plants with reduced dry weight of all tissues, but greater nitrate concentration in the leaf and root tissues. Captan produced the greatest dry weight, with mot tissues dry weights significantly greater than the control treatment. Captan resulted in significantly higher nitrate content in the tissues, but there was no difference between captan and the control on total N content. Both nitrapyrin (N-Serve) and sethoxydim (Poast) had significantly less growth and total N content than the control, as well as higher nitrate content in the growing medium. It appears that these two chemicals may inhibit nitrate uptake or cause other phytotoxic effects The other chemicals metalaxyl (Subdue) and etridiazole (Terrazole) had intermediate responses. While they both had reduced growth and total N content, these were not significantly different from the control treatment. Etridiazole had reduced nitrate content, but metalaxyl nitrate content was significantly greater than the control and comparable to captan, primarily because of high nitrate content in the leaves.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document