scholarly journals (240) Mode of Inheritance for Leaf Shape and Main Vein Color in Caladium

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1003A-1003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhanao Deng ◽  
Brent Harbaugh
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Aesthetic Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Segregation Ratios ◽  
Plant Hybridization ◽  
Gregor Mendel ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Main Vein ◽  
Mode Of Inheritance

Caladiums (Caladium×hortulanum) are ornamental aroids often forced in containers or grown in the landscape for their colorful leaves. The aesthetic value of caladium plants is largely determined by their leaf characteristics. Caladium breeding can be traced back to the mid-1800s when Gregor Mendel conducted his plant hybridization experiments, but information on the inheritance of caladium traits has been rather scant. To understand the mode of inheritance for three typical leaf shapes and three main vein colors in caladium, controlled crosses were made among commercial cultivars and breeding lines, and segregation of leaf shape and/or main vein color in the progeny was analyzed. The observed segregation ratios indicated that a single locus with three alleles seemed to determine the main vein color in caladium. The white vein allele was dominant over the green vein allele, but recessive to the red vein allele, which was dominant over both white and green vein alleles. The three leaf shapes (fancy, lance, and strap) in caladium seemed to be controlled by two co-dominant alleles at one locus. Leaf shape segregation was skewed in some crosses, which might imply the existence of other factors involved in caladium leaf shape development. Chi-square tests revealed that leaf shape and main vein color were inherited independently in caladium.

scholarly journals Independent Inheritance of Leaf Shape and Main Vein Color in Caladium

2006 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhanao Deng ◽  
Brent K. Harbaugh
Keyword(s):  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Dominance Order ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Segregation Data ◽  
Plant Growth Habit ◽  
Tests For Independence ◽  
Main Vein ◽  
Chi Square Tests

The ornamental value of caladium (Caladium ×hortulanum Birdsey) depends primarily on leaf characteristics, including leaf shape and main vein color. Caladium leaf shapes are closely associated with plant growth habit, stress tolerance, and tuber yield; leaf main vein colors are often used for cultivar identification. Thirty-eight crosses were made among 10 cultivars and two breeding lines; their progeny were analyzed to understand the inheritance of leaf shape and main vein color and to determine if there is a genetic linkage between these two traits. Results showed that a single locus with three alleles determined the main vein color in caladium. The locus was designated as V, with alleles Vr, Vw, and Vg for red, white, and green main veins, respectively. The white vein allele was dominant over the green vein allele, but it was recessive to the red vein allele, which was dominant over both white and green vein alleles; thus the dominance order of the alleles is Vr > Vw > Vg. Segregation data indicated that four major red-veined cultivars were heterozygous with the genotype Vr Vg, and that one white-veined cultivar was homozygous and one other white-veined cultivar and one breeding line were heterozygous. The observed segregation data confirmed that the three leaf shapes in caladium were controlled by two co-dominant alleles at one locus, designated as F and f, for fancy and strap leaves, respectively. The skewedness of leaf shape segregation in some of the crosses implied the existence of other factors that might contribute to the formation of leaf shape. Contingency chi-square tests for independence revealed that caladium leaf shape and main vein color were inherited independently. The chi-square tests for goodness-of-fit indicated that the five observed segregation patterns for leaf shape and main vein color fit well to the expected ratio assuming that two co-dominant and three dominant/recessive alleles control leaf shape and main vein color and they are inherited independently.

scholarly journals Inheritance of Rugose Leaf in Caladium and Genetic Relationships with Leaf Shape, Main Vein Color, and Leaf Spotting

2016 ◽  
Vol 141 (5) ◽  
pp. 527-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Cao ◽  
Shunzhao Sui ◽  
Qian Yang ◽  
Zhanao Deng
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Linkage ◽  
Genetic Linkage Map ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Breeding Line ◽  
Heterozygous Genotype ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Point Analysis ◽  
Main Vein ◽  
Mode Of Inheritance

A number of caladium cultivars (Caladium ×hortulanum), including Miss Muffet and Gingerland, produce rugose leaves. The rugosity on these leaves is an intriguing characteristic, often resulting in an increased ornamental value. This study was conducted to understand the mode of inheritance of this trait and to determine its genetic relationship with other foliar characteristics including leaf shape, main vein color, and leaf spotting in caladiums. Sixteen caladium cultivars/breeding lines were crossed and 20 populations were produced; progeny of these populations were phenotyped for rugose leaf as well as leaf shape, main vein color, and leaf spotting. Results showed that a single locus with two alleles controlled the presence or absence of rugose leaves in these populations. The locus was designated as RLF, with the dominant RLF allele for rugose leaves and the recessive allele rlf for nonrugose (flat) leaves. Rugose cultivars Miss Muffet and Gingerland and breeding line UF-317 possessed the heterozygous genotype RLFrlf. Rugose leaf was inherited independently from leaf shape, but linked with the green main vein allele (Vg) at the V locus and the leaf spotting allele (S) at the S locus. Three-point analysis of the segregation of the three linked traits in reciprocal crosses between ‘Miss Muffet’ and nonrugose ‘Candidum’ indicated a genetic linkage map with the gene order of S locus locating between the V and the RLF loci. The information obtained from this study will be useful for developing breeding strategies for producing new caladium cultivars with or without rugose leaves, and can facilitate the understanding of the mode of inheritance for rugose leaves in other aroids and other plants.

Lighting of Engineering Structures and Industrial Facilities New Aspects of the Topic

2018 ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Nikolai I. Shepetkov ◽  
George N. Cherkasov ◽  
Vladimir A. Novikov
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
Lighting Design ◽  
Aesthetic Value ◽  
Engineering Structures ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
Artificial Lighting ◽  
Industrial Structures ◽  
Design Solutions ◽  
Architectural Lighting ◽  
The Aesthetic

This paper considers the fundamental problem of artificial lighting in various types and scales of industrial facilities, focusing on exterior lighting design solutions. There is a lack of interest from investors, customers and society in high­quality lighting design for industrial facilities in Russia, which in many cities are very imaginative structures, practically unused in the evening. Architectural lighting of various types of installations is illustrated with photographs. The purpose of the article is to draw attention to the aesthetic value of industrial structures, provided not only by the architectural, but also by a welldesigned lighting solution.

What's the Message of Architecture?

2014 ◽  
pp. 126-136
Author(s):  
Аndrey G. Velikanov
Keyword(s):  
Separate Entity ◽  
Aesthetic Value ◽  
Current State ◽  
Entire Complex ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Aesthetic

Considers the aspects of architecture as a language able to express the current state and to prophetically indicate the upcoming changes. The aesthetic value of a construction cannot be perceived just as a separate entity, but it can be cognized in the context and not only a visual one, in space. It is necessary to see the entire complex of the accompanying phenomena, all the flow of the unfolding metaphors and values. In the model in view the figure of the author-creator must be reconsidered as no longer conforming to today's reality. The development of the Stalinist Empire style, as well as its transformations, is considered as one of the specific phenomena in the history of well-known constructions

Semi Automatic T-Shirt Folding Machine Berbasis PID (Proportional Integral Derivative)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Apriliyanto ◽  
Miftachul Ulum ◽  
Koko Joni
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasonic Sensor ◽  
Proportional Integral Derivative ◽  
Servo Motor ◽  
Aesthetic Value ◽  
Proportional Integral ◽  
Door Opening ◽  
Dc Motors ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
The Right

<em>The process of folding clothes is one of the activities carried out in the laundry business or household. The activity is fairly easy but many people are still lazy to do it. As a result, clothes that have been washed will fall apart in certain rooms, thereby reducing the aesthetic value of a home. Semi Automatic T-Shirt Folding Machine is the right solution to make folding clothes easier and more time efficient. This tool is equipped with a servo motor that moves the folding board that has been designed in such a way that the user only needs to manghandle the shirt just once and simply push one button then the shirt will fold itself and will be neatly arranged through the clothes stacker board. The PID method is applied to DC motors that move under the clothes folder so that the buildup of clothes underneath will not be pressured upward when the clothes are piled up when they are folded. Ultrasonic sensor will measure the right height between the clothes with the door opening the stacking clothes with kp = 1, ki = 0.1, kd = 0.5 for thin clothes and kp = 5, ki = 1, kd = 2.5 for thick clothes so that the movement of the motor can adjust its speed . This tool can fold one shirt in 16.83 seconds 11 seconds faster than folding clothes manually</em>

STUDY OF DECORATIVE VARIETY IN GORONTALO KARAWO FABRIC IN AESTHETIC AND SYMBOLIC ELEMENTS

ARTic ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 121-134
Author(s):  
Apsari Dj Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Aesthetic Theory ◽  
Cultural Meanings ◽  
Aesthetic Value ◽  
Aesthetic Form ◽  
Decorative Motifs ◽  
Symbolic Meanings ◽  
The Aesthetic

This study aims to examine the decorative types of Gorontalo karawo fabrics in aesthetic and symbolic elements. Researchers want to know as made in the research design, aspects that are present in the decoration of fabrics in aesthetic and symbolic elements. This study uses a number of related theories to get results, and as a determinant, the authors use aesthetic theory, as well as historical approaches. With this theoretical basis, the author seeks to describe the aesthetic aspects and symbolic meanings that exist in Gorontalo karawo fabric. Through the data collection of the chosen motif and provide a classification of motives, the part is used as a reference for research material. The results showed that Gorontalo filigree had an aesthetic value consisting of unity formed from the overall decorative motifs displayed, complexity formed by complexity in the manufacturing process, and intensity of seriousness in the manufacturing process or the impression displayed on the filigree motif. The aesthetic form also reflects the diversity of meanings for communication, such as the symbol of a leader with his noble instincts, a symbol of cultural cooperation, which is worth maintaining, and ideas about nature conservation. This research proves that the decoration in Gorontalo filigree cloth (karawo) does not only act as a visual value, but also as a communication of cultural meanings and social status. Of all these distinctive motifs show a relationship between humans and humans and humans with nature. The influence of culture from the Philippines is also known to have a strong influence on the emergence of the Gorontalo filigree namely manila filigree.

Building Better Aesthetic Agents

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic McIver Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Public Goods ◽  
Network Theory ◽  
Arts Education ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Aesthetic Value ◽  
The Aesthetic

A theory of aesthetic value should help us to make sense of how our aesthetic commitments matter to us as members of collectives. Aesthetic policies endogenous to aesthetic practices are directly justified by the network theory. The chapter looks at what aesthetic reasons we have to adopt exogenous aesthetic policies. Many argue that aesthetic practices deserve public support because aesthetic goods are public goods. A case is made for an aesthetic opportunity principle: larger social groups have reason to foster the aesthetic opportunities available to their members. The principle is applied to arts education and to communication technologies subserving aesthetic exchanges. The chapter ends with a discussion of how aesthetic opportunity interacts with—and can potentially counteract—oppressive social structures.

scholarly journals Drug-Induced Photosensitivity—From Light and Chemistry to Biological Reactions and Clinical Symptoms

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 723
Author(s):  
Justyna Kowalska ◽  
Jakub Rok ◽  
Zuzanna Rzepka ◽  
Dorota Wrześniok
Keyword(s):  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Cosmetic Products ◽  
Aesthetic Value ◽  
Drug Usage ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Biochemical Level ◽  
The Aesthetic

Photosensitivity is one of the most common cutaneous adverse drug reactions. There are two types of drug-induced photosensitivity: photoallergy and phototoxicity. Currently, the number of photosensitization cases is constantly increasing due to excessive exposure to sunlight, the aesthetic value of a tan, and the increasing number of photosensitizing substances in food, dietary supplements, and pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. The risk of photosensitivity reactions relates to several hundred externally and systemically administered drugs, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory, cardiovascular, psychotropic, antimicrobial, antihyperlipidemic, and antineoplastic drugs. Photosensitivity reactions often lead to hospitalization, additional treatment, medical management, decrease in patient’s comfort, and the limitations of drug usage. Mechanisms of drug-induced photosensitivity are complex and are observed at a cellular, molecular, and biochemical level. Photoexcitation and photoconversion of drugs trigger multidirectional biological reactions, including oxidative stress, inflammation, and changes in melanin synthesis. These effects contribute to the appearance of the following symptoms: erythema, swelling, blisters, exudation, peeling, burning, itching, and hyperpigmentation of the skin. This article reviews in detail the chemical and biological basis of drug-induced photosensitivity. The following factors are considered: the chemical properties, the influence of individual ranges of sunlight, the presence of melanin biopolymers, and the defense mechanisms of particular types of tested cells.

scholarly journals Let’s be Liberal: An Alternative to Aesthetic Hedonism

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonia Peacocke
Keyword(s):  
Aesthetic Value ◽  
Hedonic Value ◽  
Clear Advantage ◽  
Sensory Features ◽  
Alternative Version ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
The Right

Abstract Aesthetic value empiricism claims that the aesthetic value of an object is grounded in the value of a certain kind of experience of it. The most popular version of value empiricism, and a dominant view in contemporary philosophical aesthetics more generally, is aesthetic hedonism. Hedonism restricts the grounds of aesthetic value to the pleasure enjoyed in the right kind of experience. But hedonism does not enjoy any clear advantage over a more permissive alternative version of value empiricism. This alternative is aesthetic liberalism. On this view, an object’s aesthetic value is fully grounded in any value—not just the hedonic value—of a correct and complete experience of its sensory features. To demonstrate the advantages of liberalism over hedonism, I apply both views to analyze the aesthetic value of the Spring Temple Buddha and Anselm Kiefer’s Seraphim. I detail four advantages of liberalism over hedonism, and I conclude by defending liberalism from two kinds of objection.

Inheritance of isozymes in seed and bud tissues of blue and Engelmann spruce

Genome ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Ernst ◽  
D. E. Keathley ◽  
J. W. Hanover
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Malate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase ◽  
Blue Spruce ◽  
Mating Design ◽  
Engelmann Spruce ◽  
Enzyme Systems ◽  
Segregation Ratios ◽  
Mode Of Inheritance

Thirteen loci from 11 enzyme systems were identified among full-sib and half-sib progeny of blue and Engelmann spruce. Eleven of the loci were expressed in bud, embryo, and megagametophyte tissue; the remaining two loci were expressed only in embryo and megagametophyte tissue. There were no mobility differences observed between loci expressed in seed and bud tissues. The mode of inheritance for 10 of the loci was confirmed based on progeny genotypic distributions. For the two loci not expressed in bud tissue, acid phosphatase (Acp-2) and diaphorase (Dia-2), inheritance was inferred from pooled segregation ratios of megagametophytes from open-pollinated seed from heterozygous females. The inheritance of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (Got-3) was also inferred from segregation ratios and diploid embryo phenotypes of open-pollinated progeny owing to a lack of variability at this locus among the 40 parents in the mating design. Two loci, aldolase (Ald) and malate dehydrogenase (Mdh-2), were monomorphic among the 20 parents of both species. Key words: isozymes, Engelmann spruce, blue spruce, Picea.

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