scholarly journals Response of Creeping Bentgrass to Salinity and Mowing Management: Carbohydrate Availability and Ion Accumulation

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 2170-2174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.L. Qian ◽  
J.M. Fu
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
Agrostis Palustris ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Turf Quality ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Mowing Regime

Salt problems in turfgrass sites are becoming more common. The effects of mowing height on salinity tolerance and associated mechanisms are not well understood. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of mowing height and the level of salinity on turf quality, canopy photosynthetic rate (Pn), total nonstructure carbohydrate (TNC) content, shoot reducing sugar content (RSC), Na+ and K+ content in shoots and roots of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds.). Sod pieces of `L-93' were grown in a greenhouse for over 7 months. Plants were subjected to three mowing heights: 6.4, 12.7, and 25.4 mm, and to four salinity levels of irrigation water: control, 5 dS·m–1, 10 dS·m–1, and 15 dS·m–1 prepared using ocean salts. Increasing salinity resulted in reduced turf quality, increased shoot Na+, reduced K+, and reduced K to Na ratio, to a greater extent for bentgrass mowed at 6.4 mm mowing height. Reducing sugar content in shoot increased with increasing salinity level except at 15 dS·m–1 and 6.4 mm mowing regime where RSC declined. Compared to the 25.4 mm mowing height, mowing height at 6.4 mm caused 32-39% reduction in TNC, a 25% to 37% increase in Na+ content, and 45% to 51% decrease in K content in shoots, which resulted in substantial decrease in K/Na ratio. These results demonstrated that the reduction of creeping bentgrass salt tolerance under low mowing height was associated with carbohydrate depletion that reduced the plant's genetic abilities to generate osmo-protectants (such as reducing sugar), to reduce Na+ accumulation in shoots, and to selectively uptake and transport K+. Therefore, a moderate increase in mowing height could improve salinity tolerance of creeping bentgrass.

scholarly journals Responses of Creeping Bentgrass to Salinity and Mowing Management: Growth and Turf Quality

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 463-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Fu ◽  
A.J. Koski ◽  
Y.L. Qian
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Turf Quality ◽  
Irrigation Water Salinity

Salt problems in turfgrass sites are becoming more common. The effects of mowing management on salinity tolerance are not well understood. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of three mowing regimes on turf quality and growth responses of `L-93' creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris L.) to salinity stress. Sods of `L-93' creeping bentgrass were grown in containers (45 cm long and 10 cm in diameter) in a greenhouse. Treatments included three mowing regimes (clipping three times weekly at 25.4 mm, four times at 12.7 mm, and daily at 6.4 mm) and four levels of irrigation water salinity (control, 5, 10, and 15 dS·m-1). The relationship of increasing soil salinity with increasing irrigation water salinity was linear in each soil layer. Increasing salinity reduced turf quality and clipping yield more severely and rapidly when mowed at 6.4 mm than at 12.7 or 25.4 mm. Regression analysis of soil salinity and turf quality suggested that turf quality of creeping bentgrass mowed to 6.4, 12.7, and 25.4 mm fell to an unacceptable level when soil salinity reached 4.1, 12.5, and 13.9 dS·m-1, respectively. Data on turf quality, clipping yield, and verdure indicated that salinity damage becomes more severe under close mowing conditions and that a moderate increase in mowing height could improve salinity tolerance of creeping bentgrass.

scholarly journals (446) Salinity Tolerance of Eight Ornamental Herbaceous Perennials

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1034E-1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nickolee Zollinger ◽  
Teresa Cerny-Koenig ◽  
Roger Kjelgren ◽  
Rich Koenig ◽  
Kelly Kopp
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Visual Quality ◽  
Salinity Level ◽  
Salinity Treatment ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Herbaceous Perennials ◽  
Salinity Levels

Although salinity is becoming an increasing concern for landscape plants in many areas of the West, few studies have been carried out to evaluate salinity responses of ornamental plants, especially herbaceous perennials. We investigated salinity tolerance of four traditionally grown and four Intermountain West native ornamental herbaceous perennials. Penstemo×mexicali `Red Rocks', Leucanthemum×uperbum `Alaska', Echinacea purpurea, Lavandula angustifolia, Geranium viscosissimum, Eriogonum jamesii, Penstemon palmeri, and Mirabilismultiflora were irrigated with water containing a mixture of 2 CaCl2: 1 NaCl at salinity levels of 0.33 (tap water control), 2.2, 5.4, and 8.3 dS·m-1 for 8 weeks. Growth, visual quality, and gas exchange were assessed. Mirabilis multiflora and L.×uperbum `Alaska' showed high salt tolerance based on visual quality. No noticeable leaf necrosis was observed for either species at any salinity level. However, over the 8-week period, growth rates for L. superbumwere reduced by 35%, 58%, and 72% compared to the control for the 2.2, 5.4, and 8.3 dS·m-1 salinity levels, respectively. The decrease in growth did not reduce visual quality. Growth rates for M. multiflora were slightly higher than the control for the 2.2 and 5.4 dS·m-1 salinity levels and dropped about 20% at the highest salinity level. Echinaceapurpureashowed the lowest tolerance to salinity, as evidenced by substantial margin burn at all salinity levels as well as high mortality; all plants in the highest salinity treatment died.

scholarly journals Creeping Bentgrass Damaged by Low Levels of Atrazine in Irrigation Water

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 392-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.L. Nus ◽  
M.A. Sandburg
Keyword(s):  
Warm Season ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Agrostis Palustris ◽  
The North ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Turf Quality ◽  
Quality Ratings ◽  
Climatic Transition ◽  
Low Levels

Throughout the north-south climatic transition zone of the eastern United States, cool- and warm-season turfgrasses are used adjacently. A greenhouse study with creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds.) was initiated to determine threshold concentrations of atrazine, an effective pre- and postemergence herbicide for warm-season turfgrasses, that would result in unacceptable levels of phytotoxicity to seedling and mature creeping bentgrass. Mature and 8-week-old seedling `Penncross' creeping bentgrass were given 6.5 mm of daily irrigation of untreated water or water containing atrazine at 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.08, 0.16, 0.32, 0.64, 1.28, or 2.56 mg·liter-1. A model of quality ratings taken 20 days after the initiation of treatments indicated threshold concentrations resulting in unacceptable turf quality to be approximately 0.05 and 0.08 mg·liter-1 for seedling and mature bentgrass, respectively. Chemical name used: 2-chloro-4-ethylamino-5-isopropylamino-s-triazine (atrazine).

scholarly journals Creeping Bentgrass Growth Response to Elevated Soil Carbon Dioxide

HortScience ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Todd Bunnell ◽  
Lambert B. McCarty ◽  
Roy B. Dodd ◽  
Hoke S. Hill ◽  
James J. Camberato
Keyword(s):  
Day Treatment ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Agrostis Palustris ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Soil Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Turf Quality ◽  
Quality Ratings ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
The Impact

Increased soil moisture and temperature along with increased soil microbial and root activity during summer months elevate soil CO2 levels. Although previous research has demonstrated negative effects of high soil CO2 on growth of some plants, little is known concerning the impact high CO2 levels on creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds.). The objective of this study was to investigate effects of varying levels of CO2 on the growth of creeping bentgrass. Growth cells were constructed to U.S. Golf Association (USGA) greens specification and creeping bentgrass was grown in the greenhouse. Three different levels of CO2 (2.5%, 5.0%, and 10.0%) were injected (for 1 minute every 2 hours) into the growth cells at a rate of 550 cm3·min-1. An untreated check, which did not have a gas mixture injected, maintained a CO2 concentration <1%. Gas injection occurred for 20 days to represent a run. Two runs were performed during the summer of 1999 on different growth cells. Visual turf quality ratings, encompassing turf color, health, density, and uniformity, were evaluated every 4 days on a 1-9 scale, with 9 = best turf and <7 being unacceptable. Soil cores were taken at the end of each run. Roots were separated from soil to measure root depth and mass. Turf quality was reduced to unacceptable levels with 10% CO2, but was unaffected at lower levels over the 20-day treatment period. Soil CO2 ≥2.5% reduced root mass and depth by 40% and 10%, respectively.

scholarly journals Salinity Tolerance of 35 Bentgrass Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 374-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth B. Marcum
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Agrostis Palustris ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Effective Parameters ◽  
Moderate Salinity ◽  
Green Leaf Area

Relative salinity tolerance of 33 creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds), one colonial bentgrass (A. capillaris L.), and one velvet bentgrass (A. canina L.) cultivars were determined via hydroponics in a controlled-environment greenhouse. After gradual acclimation, grasses were exposed to moderate salinity stress (8 dS·m-1) for 10 weeks to determine tolerance to chronic salinity stress. Relative dry weight of leaf clippings (RLW), percentage of green leaf area (GL), root dry weight (RW), and root length (RL) were all effective parameters for predicting salinity tolerance. Following 10 weeks of salinity stress, RLW was correlated with GL (r = 0.72), with RW (r = 0.71), and with RL (r = 0.66). The range of salinity tolerance among cultivars was substantial. `Mariner', `Grand Prix', `Seaside', and `Seaside II' were salt-tolerant, `L-93', `Penn G-2', `18th Green', and `Syn 96-1' were moderately salt tolerant, and `Avalon', `Ambrosia', `SR1119', `Regent', `Putter', `Penncross', and `Penn G-6' were salt sensitive.

scholarly journals Responses of Creeping Bentgrass to Trinexapac-ethyl and Biostimulants under Summer Stress

HortScience ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Xu ◽  
Bingru Huang
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Turf Quality ◽  
Putting Green

Summer decline in turf quality and growth of cool-season grass species is a major concern in turfgrass management. The objectives of this study were to investigate whether foliar application of trinexapac-ethyl (TE) and two biostimulants (TurfVigor and CPR) containing seaweed extracts would alleviate the decline in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) growth during summer months and to examine effects of TE and the biostimulants on leaf senescence and root growth. The study was performed on a ‘Penncross’ putting green built on a sandy loam soil at Hort Farm II, North Brunswick, NJ, in 2007 and 2008. Turf was foliar-sprayed with water (control), TE (0.05 kg a.i./ha), TurfVigor (47.75 L·ha−1), or CPR (19.10 L·ha−1) from late June to early September in a 2-week interval in both years. Turf quality, density, chlorophyll content, canopy photosynthetic rate (Pn), and root growth exhibited significant decline during July and August in both 2007 and 2008, to a greater extent in each parameter for the control treatment. Foliar application of TE resulted in significant improvement in turf quality, density, chlorophyll content, and Pn on certain sampling dates from July to September in both years compared with the control. Both TurfVigor and CPR significantly improved visual quality during July and August in both years by promoting both shoot and root growth. This study suggests that proper application of TE and selected biostimulants could be effective to improve summer performance of creeping bentgrass.

Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis palustris) Quality As Influenced by Multiple Low-Rate Applications of Fenoxaprop

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 356-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Carroll ◽  
M. J. Mahoney ◽  
P. H. Dernoeden
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Agrostis Palustris ◽  
Turf Quality ◽  
Quality Ratings ◽  
Silver Spring ◽  
Putting Green ◽  
Low Rate

Multiple applications of fenoxaprop (0.027, 0.036, and 0.045 kg ai ha–1) were field-applied on either 2-, 3-, or 4-wk intervals to ‘Penncross' creeping bentgrass maintained at putting green height in Easton, MD and Silver Spring, MD during 1989 and 1990. At both locations, yearly averaged creeping bentgrass quality ratings decreased with increasing fenoxaprop rate. Creeping bentgrass discoloration and thinning were minimal at 0.027 kg ha–1 fenoxaprop and did not reduce season-long turf quality below acceptable levels at either site in 1989 or 1990. Substantial discoloration and thinning was observed at 0.045 kg ha–1 fenoxaprop and acceptable season-long quality was limited to Easton in 1990. Significant spray frequency treatment effects were noticed at both sites in 1989 but not 1990. Increasing the spray interval from 2- to 4-wk improved creeping bentgrass quality from unacceptable to acceptable in two of the final four evaluation dates at Easton and five of the final six dates at Silver Spring.

scholarly journals Dollar Spot and Brown Patch Incidence in Creeping Bentgrass as Affected by Acibenzolar-S-Methyl and Biostimulants

HortScience ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1223-1226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joon Lee ◽  
Jack Fry ◽  
Ned Tisserat
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Plant Defense ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Sclerotinia Homoeocarpa ◽  
Agrostis Palustris ◽  
Dollar Spot ◽  
Putting Greens ◽  
Brown Patch ◽  
Turf Quality

There is interest in identifying cultural practices that may reduce fungicide requirements of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds.) putting greens. Our objective was to evaluate the plant defense activator ASM in combination with 12 biostimulants for the potential to reduce dollar spot (Sclerotinia homoeocarpa F.T. Bennett) and brown patch (Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn) in a blend of `Cato: `Crenshaw creeping bentgrass during 2000 and 2001. The experimental design was a split-plot with ASM as the whole plot, and biostimulants as the subplots. ASM was applied biweekly as a.i. at 35 g·ha-1 and biostimulants were applied according to manufacturers recommendations. Sclerotinia homoeocarpa infection centers were reduced by 38% with ASM, but levels were >1500/m2 in Aug. 2000, and turf quality was unacceptable through most of the study period. No suppression of brown patch occurred with ASM. None of the biostimulants reduced dollar spot or brown patch in creeping bentgrass when compared to biweekly applications of soluble N at 4.9 kg·ha-1. Dollar spot suppression achieved with ASM warrants additional studies to determine how it might be used to reduce fungicide inputs on creeping bentgrass putting greens. Chemical name used: acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM).

Use of TEM in Plant Disease Diagnosis: A Xylem-Limited Bacterium Associated with Diseased ‘Toronto’ Creeping Bentgrass

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 414-415
Author(s):  
Karen K. Baker ◽  
David L. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Agrostis Palustris ◽  
Putting Greens ◽  
Plant Disease Diagnosis

Plant disease diagnosis is most often accomplished by examination of symptoms and observation or isolation of causal organisms. Occasionally, diseases of unknown etiology occur and are difficult or impossible to accurately diagnose by the usual means. In 1980, such a disease was observed on Agrostis palustris Huds. c.v. Toronto (creeping bentgrass) putting greens at the Butler National Golf Course in Oak Brook, IL.The wilting symptoms of the disease and the irregular nature of its spread through affected areas suggested that an infectious agent was involved. However, normal isolation procedures did not yield any organism known to infect turf grass. TEM was employed in order to aid in the possible diagnosis of the disease.Crown, root and leaf tissue of both infected and symptomless plants were fixed in cold 5% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer, post-fixed in buffered 1% osmium tetroxide, dehydrated in ethanol and embedded in a 1:1 mixture of Spurrs and epon-araldite epoxy resins.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document