Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis palustris) Quality As Influenced by Multiple Low-Rate Applications of Fenoxaprop

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 356-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Carroll ◽  
M. J. Mahoney ◽  
P. H. Dernoeden
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Agrostis Palustris ◽  
Turf Quality ◽  
Quality Ratings ◽  
Silver Spring ◽  
Putting Green ◽  
Low Rate

Multiple applications of fenoxaprop (0.027, 0.036, and 0.045 kg ai ha–1) were field-applied on either 2-, 3-, or 4-wk intervals to ‘Penncross' creeping bentgrass maintained at putting green height in Easton, MD and Silver Spring, MD during 1989 and 1990. At both locations, yearly averaged creeping bentgrass quality ratings decreased with increasing fenoxaprop rate. Creeping bentgrass discoloration and thinning were minimal at 0.027 kg ha–1 fenoxaprop and did not reduce season-long turf quality below acceptable levels at either site in 1989 or 1990. Substantial discoloration and thinning was observed at 0.045 kg ha–1 fenoxaprop and acceptable season-long quality was limited to Easton in 1990. Significant spray frequency treatment effects were noticed at both sites in 1989 but not 1990. Increasing the spray interval from 2- to 4-wk improved creeping bentgrass quality from unacceptable to acceptable in two of the final four evaluation dates at Easton and five of the final six dates at Silver Spring.

scholarly journals Creeping Bentgrass Damaged by Low Levels of Atrazine in Irrigation Water

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 392-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.L. Nus ◽  
M.A. Sandburg
Keyword(s):  
Warm Season ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Agrostis Palustris ◽  
The North ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Turf Quality ◽  
Quality Ratings ◽  
Climatic Transition ◽  
Low Levels

Throughout the north-south climatic transition zone of the eastern United States, cool- and warm-season turfgrasses are used adjacently. A greenhouse study with creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds.) was initiated to determine threshold concentrations of atrazine, an effective pre- and postemergence herbicide for warm-season turfgrasses, that would result in unacceptable levels of phytotoxicity to seedling and mature creeping bentgrass. Mature and 8-week-old seedling `Penncross' creeping bentgrass were given 6.5 mm of daily irrigation of untreated water or water containing atrazine at 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.08, 0.16, 0.32, 0.64, 1.28, or 2.56 mg·liter-1. A model of quality ratings taken 20 days after the initiation of treatments indicated threshold concentrations resulting in unacceptable turf quality to be approximately 0.05 and 0.08 mg·liter-1 for seedling and mature bentgrass, respectively. Chemical name used: 2-chloro-4-ethylamino-5-isopropylamino-s-triazine (atrazine).

scholarly journals Creeping Bentgrass Growth Response to Elevated Soil Carbon Dioxide

HortScience ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Todd Bunnell ◽  
Lambert B. McCarty ◽  
Roy B. Dodd ◽  
Hoke S. Hill ◽  
James J. Camberato
Keyword(s):  
Day Treatment ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Agrostis Palustris ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Soil Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Turf Quality ◽  
Quality Ratings ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
The Impact

Increased soil moisture and temperature along with increased soil microbial and root activity during summer months elevate soil CO2 levels. Although previous research has demonstrated negative effects of high soil CO2 on growth of some plants, little is known concerning the impact high CO2 levels on creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds.). The objective of this study was to investigate effects of varying levels of CO2 on the growth of creeping bentgrass. Growth cells were constructed to U.S. Golf Association (USGA) greens specification and creeping bentgrass was grown in the greenhouse. Three different levels of CO2 (2.5%, 5.0%, and 10.0%) were injected (for 1 minute every 2 hours) into the growth cells at a rate of 550 cm3·min-1. An untreated check, which did not have a gas mixture injected, maintained a CO2 concentration <1%. Gas injection occurred for 20 days to represent a run. Two runs were performed during the summer of 1999 on different growth cells. Visual turf quality ratings, encompassing turf color, health, density, and uniformity, were evaluated every 4 days on a 1-9 scale, with 9 = best turf and <7 being unacceptable. Soil cores were taken at the end of each run. Roots were separated from soil to measure root depth and mass. Turf quality was reduced to unacceptable levels with 10% CO2, but was unaffected at lower levels over the 20-day treatment period. Soil CO2 ≥2.5% reduced root mass and depth by 40% and 10%, respectively.

scholarly journals Pythium Species Associated with Root Dysfunction of Creeping Bentgrass in Maryland

Plant Disease ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 516-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Feng ◽  
Peter H. Dernoeden
Keyword(s):  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Golf Courses ◽  
Agrostis Palustris ◽  
Pythium Species ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Putting Green ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Cornmeal Agar ◽  
Isolated Species

Putting green samples (n = 109) were inspected for the presence of Pythium oospores in roots of plants from golf courses (n = 39) in Maryland and adjacent states. Twenty-eight Pythium isolates were recovered from creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris) (n = 25) and annual bluegrass (Poa annua) (n = 3) plants. Most isolates associated with Pythium-induced root dysfunction were from greens less than 3 years of age and were obtained primarily between March and June, 1995 to 1997. Eight Pythium species (P. aristosporum, P. aphanidermatum, P. catenulatum, P. graminicola, P. torulosum, P. vanterpoolii, P. volutum, and P. ultimum var. ultimum) were isolated from creeping bentgrass and two species (P. graminicola and P. torulosum) were from annual bluegrass. All species, except P. catenulatum, were pathogenic to ‘Crenshaw’ creeping bentgrass seedlings in postemergence pathogenicity tests. P. aristosporum (n = 3) and P. aphanidermatum (n = 1) were highly aggressive at a low (18°C) and a high temperature (28°C). P. graminicola (n = 1) was low to moderately aggressive. P. torulosum (n = 12) was the most frequently isolated species, but most isolates were either nonpathogenic or caused very little disease. P. aristosporum (n = 3) and P. aphanidermatum (n = 1) were highly aggressive and were associated with rapid growth at 18 and 28°C on cornmeal agar. P. volutum (n = 1) was highly aggressive at 18°C, but was one of slowest growing isolates. Infected roots were generally symptomless, and the number of oospores observed in roots was not always a good indicator of disease or of the aggressiveness of an isolate. Large numbers of oospores of low or even nonpathogenic species may cause dysfunction of creeping bentgrass roots.

Tiller production and dry matter accumulation in six creeping bentgrass genotypes grown in Manitoba

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 595-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Cattani ◽  
M. H. Entz ◽  
K. C. Bamford
Keyword(s):  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Agrostis Palustris ◽  
Putting Green ◽  
Green Core ◽  
Tiller Density

Tiller production and dry matter accumulation were monitored in six creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Hud.) genotypes maintained as a putting green. Core samples for tiller density and aboveground biomass determinations were collected at intervals between October 1987 and October 1989. Two experimental lines, UM84-01 and UM86-01, produced more (P < 0.05) tillers and higher (P < 0.05) aboveground biomass than the commercial cultivars Penneagle, National, Emerald and Seaside. Both tiller density and aboveground biomass rankings among genotypes were consistent over the study period. Although lower tillering genotypes had a significantly higher aboveground biomass per tiller, total aboveground biomass was influenced more by tiller density than by biomass per tiller. The relationship between tiller density and tiller dry weight was expressed mathematically to determine potential wear stress resistance among genotypes. Key words: Creeping bentgrass, tillering, biomass accumulation

Effect of Benefin and DCPA on Overseeded Grasses Maintained as Putting Greens

Weed Science ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 528-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Coats ◽  
C. Y. Ward ◽  
E. L. McWhirter
Keyword(s):  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Agrostis Palustris ◽  
Putting Greens ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Poa Trivialis ◽  
Putting Green ◽  
Green Conditions

Overseeded rough bluegrass (Poa trivialisL. ‘Danish common’) and Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorumLam. ‘Gulf’) maintained under putting green conditions were more susceptible to benefin (N-butyl-N-ethyl-α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-p-toluidine) and DCPA (dimethyl tetrachloroterephthalate) than creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustrisHud. ‘Penn-cross’), red fescue (Festuca rubraL. ‘Dawson’), or perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenneL. ‘Medalist II’). February applications of 1.68 or 3.36 kg/ha of benefin and 6.72 or 13.44 kg/ha of DCPA caused significantly more discoloration and reductions in density than equivalent rates applied in March or April. Benefin was more injurious than DCPA to all overseeded species as judged by quality or density. DCPA caused significant delays in the breaking of dormancy of bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon(L.) Pers. ‘Tifdwarf’].

scholarly journals Quantifying the Effects of Lance Nematode Parasitism in Creeping Bentgrass

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (9) ◽  
pp. 1170-1179 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Settle ◽  
J. D. Fry ◽  
G. A. Milliken ◽  
N. A. Tisserat ◽  
T. C. Todd
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Visual Quality ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Quality Ratings ◽  
Putting Green ◽  
Lance Nematode

We compared photosynthesis and multispectral radiometry (MSR) measurements with visual quality ratings for assessment of feeding injury to creeping bentgrass caused by the lance nematode (Hoplolaimus galeatus) using artificially infested microplots and a naturally infested putting green. Nematode feeding resulted in negative visual and MSR effects on creeping bentgrass in microplots. Visual quality ratings were correlated more consistently with nematode densities than either individual MSR variables or factor models of MSR variables. Threshold estimates for H. galeatus population densities associated with unacceptable bentgrass quality in microplots varied widely by month and year. Similarly, the relationship between H. galeatus population density and turf health indicators (including MSR measurements, visual ratings, and net photosynthetic rate) varied with cultivar and management practice (irrigation frequency and mowing height) in the naturally infested putting green. Notably, negative effects of nematode feeding were not consistently associated with more stressful management practices, suggesting that stress avoidance is not a reliable deterrent to H. galeatus damage in creeping bentgrass. Damage thresholds for this nematode–host association are dynamic and should be used with caution.

scholarly journals Ethephon and Gibberellic Acid Inhibitors Influence Creeping Bentgrass Putting Green Quality and Ball Roll Distances

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1902-1903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick E. McCullough ◽  
Haibo Liu ◽  
Lambert B. McCarty
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Acid Ethyl Ester ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Agrostis Stolonifera ◽  
Turf Quality ◽  
Green Ball ◽  
Subsequent Application ◽  
Putting Green ◽  
Ethephon Treatment ◽  
Cyclohexane Carboxylic Acid

Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are often applied in combinations to reduce turf clippings, enhance turf quality, and suppress Poa annua L.; however, effects of PGR combinations on putting green ball roll distances have not been reported. Two field experiments were conducted on an `L-93' creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera var. palustris Huds.) putting green in Clemson, S.C., to investigate effects of four PGRs with and without a subsequent application of ethephon at 3.8 kg·ha–1 a.i. 6 days after initial treatments. The PGRs initially applied included ethephon at 3.8 kg·ha–1 a.i., flurprimidol at 0.28 kg·ha–1 a.i., paclobutrazol at 0.28 kg·ha–1 a.i., and trinexapac-ethyl at 0.05 kg·ha–1 a.i.. Ball roll distances were enhanced 3% to 6% (4 to 8 cm) by exclusive flurprimidol, paclobutrazol, and trinexapac-ethyl treatments. The additional ethephon application reduced ball distances 2% to 9% (2 to 11 cm). Paclobutrazol and trinexapac-ethyl treated turf receiving the additional ethephon application had longer or similar ball roll distances to non-PGR treated turf. The additional ethephon treatment reduced turf quality to unacceptable levels 1 and 2 weeks after applications. However, bentgrass treated previously with trinexapac-ethyl and paclobutrazol had 8 to 16% higher visual quality following the additional ethephon treatment relative to non-PGR treated turf receiving the subsequent ethephon application. Overall, ethephon may have deleterious effects on monostand creeping bentgrass putting green quality and ball roll distances; however, applying ethephon with GA inhibitors could mitigate these adverse effects. Chemical names used: [4-(cyclopropyl-[α]-hydroxymethylene)-3,5-dioxo-cyclohexane carboxylic acid ethyl ester] (trinexapac-ethyl); {α-(1-methylethyl)-α-[4-(trifluoro-methoxy) phenyl] 5-pyrimidine-methanol} (flurprimidol); (+/-)–(R*,R*)-β-[(4-chlorophenyl) methyl]-α-(1, 1-dimethyl)-1H-1,2,4,-triazole-1-ethanol (paclobutrazol); [(2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid] (ethephon).

scholarly journals Mowing Height Effects on Summer Turf Growth and Physiological Activities for Two Creeping Bentgrass Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 444-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaozhong Liu ◽  
Bingru Huang
Keyword(s):  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Putting Greens ◽  
Turf Quality ◽  
Putting Green ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Photosynthetic Activities

Low mowing increases ball roll distance on putting greens, but may affect growth and physiological responses to summer heat stress. The objective of this study was to examine whether the effect of mowing heights on turf summer performance was associated with changes in photosynthetic activities and respiration rate for two creeping bentgrass [Agrostis palustris (L.) Huds] cultivars, `Crenshaw' and `Penncross'. Both cultivars were grown under USGA-specification putting green conditions from 1997 to 1998. Grasses were mowed daily at a 3-mm (low mowing) or 4-mm (high mowing) height. Turf quality, net photosynthesis rate (Pn), and leaf photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) declined, whereas respiration rate of whole plants, canopy minus air temperature, and soil temperatures increased under low mowing compared to those at the high mowing height. The decline or increase in those parameters under low mowing was more pronounced in summer than in spring or fall months. The results showed that turf quality was better at the 4-mm mowing height, especially during summer months. Better quality at the higher mowing height could be related to the maintenance of higher photosynthetic activities and lower respiration rate. Mowing at the lower height had more adverse effects on turf growth and photosynthetic capacity for `Penncross' than `Crenshaw', particularly during summer months.

scholarly journals Cultivation and Topdressing Requirements for Thatch Management in A and G Bentgrasses and Creeping Bluegrass

HortScience ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1227-1231 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Stier ◽  
Andrew B. Hollman
Keyword(s):  
Root Zone ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Shoot Density ◽  
Agrostis Stolonifera ◽  
Dollar Spot ◽  
Single Treatment ◽  
The Core ◽  
Turf Quality ◽  
Putting Green ◽  
New Cultivars

Empirical observations suggest certain new cultivars of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) with high shoot density require more intensive topdressing and core aeration to control thatch compared to less dense cultivars such as `Penncross. In addition, a variety of Poa annua var. reptans Hausskn., `DW-184, has recently been released for putting green use but management requirements are undocumented. The objective of our project was to determine the core aeration and topdressing requirements for thatch management of creeping bentgrass cultivars `A-4, `G-2, and `Penncross as compared to `DW-184. Plots were established on a sand-based root zone and maintained as putting green turf for 3 years. A factorial treatment arrangement was used to assess the effects of core aeration and topdressing on thatch, topdressing removal, turf quality, and disease. Both `A-4 and `G-2 produced more organic matter as (thatch/mat) than `Penncross and `DW-184. Grass type, core aeration frequency, and topdressing regime affected the amount of topdressing removed by mowing. An interaction between grass type and topdressing regime showed biweekly topdressing with verticutting resulted in less topdressing removal from all grasses except `G-2 compared to monthly topdressing without verticutting. Since no more than 3% of the topdressing applied was removed from any single treatment, however, the overall impact of grass type, core aeration frequency, or topdressing regime are unlikely to affect turf response. Both `A-4 and `G-2 provided consistently better quality turf than `Penncross or `DW-184 at 3.2 mm mowing height, though `A-4 was more susceptible to dollar spot disease (Sclerotinia homeocarpa F.T. Bennett) than `Penncross or `G-2. Cultivation and topdressing methods for management of `A-4 and `G-2 bentgrasses do not differ substantially from `Penncross or `DW-184 creeping bluegrass.

scholarly journals Responses of Creeping Bentgrass to Trinexapac-ethyl and Biostimulants under Summer Stress

HortScience ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Xu ◽  
Bingru Huang
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Turf Quality ◽  
Putting Green

Summer decline in turf quality and growth of cool-season grass species is a major concern in turfgrass management. The objectives of this study were to investigate whether foliar application of trinexapac-ethyl (TE) and two biostimulants (TurfVigor and CPR) containing seaweed extracts would alleviate the decline in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) growth during summer months and to examine effects of TE and the biostimulants on leaf senescence and root growth. The study was performed on a ‘Penncross’ putting green built on a sandy loam soil at Hort Farm II, North Brunswick, NJ, in 2007 and 2008. Turf was foliar-sprayed with water (control), TE (0.05 kg a.i./ha), TurfVigor (47.75 L·ha−1), or CPR (19.10 L·ha−1) from late June to early September in a 2-week interval in both years. Turf quality, density, chlorophyll content, canopy photosynthetic rate (Pn), and root growth exhibited significant decline during July and August in both 2007 and 2008, to a greater extent in each parameter for the control treatment. Foliar application of TE resulted in significant improvement in turf quality, density, chlorophyll content, and Pn on certain sampling dates from July to September in both years compared with the control. Both TurfVigor and CPR significantly improved visual quality during July and August in both years by promoting both shoot and root growth. This study suggests that proper application of TE and selected biostimulants could be effective to improve summer performance of creeping bentgrass.

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