scholarly journals Bagged Soil Tested as an Alternative for Growing Bedding Plants in the Landscape

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 1272-1275
Author(s):  
Clydette M. Alsup ◽  
Pamela B. Trewatha
Keyword(s):  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Tagetes Patula ◽  
Bedding Plants ◽  
Planting Methods ◽  
Salvia Splendens ◽  
Dianthus Barbatus ◽  
Average Plant ◽  
Planting Method

Many homeowners have difficulty establishing ornamental gardens in shallow, rocky soils. “Gardening in a Bag” (planting directly into bags of topsoil) offers a viable alternative for growing many herbaceous ornamental plants. This study compares the growth and appearance of several herbaceous bedding plants using “Gardening in a Bag” versus “in the ground” planting methods. Twenty-five cultivars of Alternanthera dentata R. Br., ornamental pepper (Capsicum annuum var. annuum L.), dianthus (Dianthus barbatus L.), gazania [Gazania rigens (L.) Gaertn.], marigold (Tagetes patula L.), petunia (Petunia hybrida hort. ex E. Vilm.), salvia (Salvia splendens Sellow ex Schult.), peek-a-boo plant (Spilanthes oleracea L.), verbena (Verbena hybrida hort. ex Groenl. & Rümpler), and vinca [Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don] were evaluated in 2002 under the two planting methods: in the ground versus in bags of topsoil. Wave petunias, dianthus, vinca, and rose moss (Portulaca grandiflora Hook.) were evaluated using the same methods in 2003. All plants were mulched with 7.5 cm coarse sawdust. In 2002, the planting method had no effect on the average height for 16 of the 25 cultivars tested. Seven cultivars were taller when grown in the ground whereas two cultivars were shorter during that treatment. Planting method had no effect on average plant spread of 13 of the cultivars. Plant spread was greater for nine cultivars grown in bags, whereas three cultivars were wider when grown in the ground. Visual ratings of overall appearance were similar for 14 of the cultivars regardless of planting method. In 2003, performance of the five species was evaluated on 3 July, 29 July, and 5 Sept. Planting method did not affect growth and appearance of rose moss or vinca. The two petunia cultivars and the dianthus tended to be taller and wider and had more flowers when grown in the ground compared with growth in bags. Visual quality of the petunias and the dianthus was unaffected by planting method until September when the `Purple Wave' petunias and the dianthus grown in the ground received better ratings than plants grown in bags.

scholarly journals (91) Gardening in a Bag: A Viable Alternative for Growing Bedding Plants in the Landscape

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1043A-1043
Author(s):  
Clydette M. Alsup ◽  
Pamela A. Trewatha
Keyword(s):  
Visual Quality ◽  
The Other ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Bedding Plants ◽  
Planting Methods ◽  
Quality Ratings ◽  
Salvia Splendens ◽  
Average Plant ◽  
Planting Method

The rocky Ozarks soils make it difficult for some homeowners to establish ornamental gardens. An alternative to digging in rocky soils is planting into bags of potting soil. This study evaluated “Gardening in a Bag” for herbaceous bedding plants. The growth and appearance of Alternanthera, Capisum annuum, Dianthus, Gazania, Tagetes `Wave', and upright petunias, Salvia splendens, Spilanthes, Verbena, and Catharanthus roseus were evaluated in 2002 under two planting methods: in the ground vs. in bags of potting soil. Wave petunias, Dianthus, C. roseus, and Portulacagrandiflora were evaluated in 2003. All plants were mulched with 3 inches of coarse sawdust. In 2002, planting method had no effect on average height for 16 of the 25 cultivars tested. Seven cultivars were taller when grown in the ground while two cultivars were shorter in that treatment. Planting method had no effect on average plant width of 13 of the cultivars. Plant width was greater for nine cultivars grown in bags, while three cultivars were wider when grown in the ground. Visual ratings were similar for 14 of the cultivars, regardless of planting method. In 2003, performance of five species was evaluated on 3 and 29 July and 5 Sept. Plant height and width were greater on plants grown in the ground than plants grown in bags on 3 July and 5 Sept. Only plant width was significantly greater in the soil-grown plants on 29 July, although the greater height trend was still evident. Plants in the ground had more flowers than plants in bags on 3 July, but there were no differences in flower number the other two dates. Visual quality ratings were taken on the second and third dates, with no differences between treatments. Root soil temperature was higher in bags than in the ground on all three dates in 2003.

scholarly journals Influence of Substrate and Fertilizer Analysis and Rate on Growth and Quality of Five Species of Bedding Plants

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 434-437
Author(s):  
Timothy K. Broschat ◽  
Kimberly A. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Tagetes Patula ◽  
Bedding Plants ◽  
Salvia Splendens ◽  
Bedding Plant ◽  
Influence Of Substrate ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizers

Salvia (Salvia splendens) `Red Vista' or `Purple Vista,' french marigold (Tagetes patula) `Little Hero Orange,' bell pepper (Capsicum annuum) `Better Bell,' impatiens (Impatiens wallerana) `Accent White,' and wax begonia (Begonia ×semperflorens-cultorum) `Cocktail Vodka' were grown in 0.95-L (1-qt) containers using a 5 pine bark: 4 sedge peat: 1 sand substrate (Expts. 1 and 2) or Pro Mix BX (Expt. 2 only). They were fertilized weekly with 50 mL (1.7 fl oz) of a solution containing 100, 200, or 300 mg·L-1 (ppm) of nitrogen derived from 15N-6.5P-12.5K (1N-1P2O5-1K2O ratio) or 21N-3P-11.7K (3N-1P2O5-2K2O ratio) uncoated prills used in the manufacture of controlled-release fertilizers. Plants grown with Pro Mix BX were generally larger and produced more flowers or fruit than those grown with the pine bark mix. With few exceptions, plant color, root and shoot dry weights, and number of flowers or fruit were highly correlated with fertilization rate, but not with prill type. There appears to be little reason for using the more expensive 1-1-1 ratio prills, since they generally did not improve plant quality and may increase phosphorous runoff from bedding plant nurseries.

scholarly journals Вплив інгредієнтів автотранспортних викидів на стан асиміляційного апарату декоративних квітникових рослин

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-124
Author(s):  
O. P. Pryimak ◽  
A. N. Pugach
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
The State ◽  
Zinnia Elegans ◽  
Vehicle Emission ◽  
Tagetes Patula ◽  
Motor Transport ◽  
Salvia Splendens ◽  
Transport Emission

The effect of motor vehicle emission ingredients on the state of assimilative apparatus of decorative ornamental plants is studied in Dnepropetrovsk. The morphometric indices of leaves of studied species are discussed. The changes of the leaves area and their amount on a plant are shown. The damages of assimilative organs and its structure abnormalities are revealed. The negative influence of motor transport emission on forming and growth of leaves was determined. The Aster novі-belgii L. and Tagetes patula L. are resistant, but Begonia×semperflorens hort, Salvia splendens L. and Zinnia elegans Jacq. are sensitive to the influence of emissions. 

scholarly journals Late-season Establishment of Annuals

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 485F-486
Author(s):  
Lynn Burney ◽  
Richard L. Harkess
Keyword(s):  
Late Summer ◽  
Tagetes Erecta ◽  
Floral Display ◽  
Tagetes Patula ◽  
Plant Establishment ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Bedding Plants ◽  
Salvia Splendens ◽  
Warm Temperate ◽  
Planting Season

Maintaining annual color throughout the long summer season in warm temperate regions has become an interest to landscapers and nursery operators. Some colorscaping companies have begun implementing a second summer planting season. There is little information available concerning suitable cultivars and species of bedding plants for establishment in late summer. This study examined plant establishment in two container sizes and three dates of transplanting to determine late season establishment in Starkville, Miss. (33°27' latitude, 88°49' longitude). Seeds of 27 different cultivars were grown in plug flats in the greenhouse and transplanted into jumbo 606 or 10-cm square containers. The plants were grown in the greenhouse until transplanting on 16 Aug., 30 Aug., or 13 Sept. 1996. The plants were transplanted into plots containing nine plants with three replications per planting date. The plants were spaced on 20-cm centers among and between plots. The earliest two plantings resulted in better plant establishment and floral display. Some of the cultivars and species were more tolerant of the late season temperature and humidity establishing and providing a good color display from 6 weeks after transplanting until frost, 2 Nov. 1996. Cultivars that performed well included: Impatiens wallerana `Deco Crystal', `Expo Lavender Blush', `Dazzler Salmon', Begonia semperflorens `Varsity Bronze Scarlet', Zinnia `White Pinwheel', Tagetes erecta `Marvel Gold', and Tagetes patula `Bonanza Harmony'. Cultivars that did not establish well under these conditions included: Verbena hybrida `Romance Pink' and Salvia splendens `Salsa Salmon'. The container size did not significantly affect plant establishment.

scholarly journals Establishing Cratylia argentea in an Ultisol in the West of Acre, Southwestern Amazon, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-294
Author(s):  
Antônio Marcos de Souza Aquino ◽  
Eduardo Pacca Luna Mattar ◽  
Luís Henrique Ebling Farinatti ◽  
Leandro Roberto Da Cruz ◽  
Alen Patric de Oliveira Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Model ◽  
Humid Tropics ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
First Year ◽  
Average Height ◽  
The West ◽  
Planting Methods ◽  
Mechanical Methods ◽  
Planting Method ◽  
The Cost

Cratylia argentea is a multi-purpose shrub with potential as a source of protein for livestock, but is rarely used in production units. This study aimed to monitor the establishment of a stand of this plant in a sandy Ultisol (Red-Yellow Argisol), in an area of 4,000 m2 on a rural property in Cruzeiro do Sul, Acre, Brazil, comparing 2 planting methods: (i) transplanting seedlings (78 in total); and (ii) direct seeding (3,820 seeds in 1,910 pits). The existing pasture was sprayed with glyphosate before planting C. argentea. Subsequently, herbicide and mechanical methods were used to control weeds, while fertilizer was applied and the area was mulched. In the first year after planting, activities performed and inputs were recorded along with costs in order to create a reference model for those intending to cultivate this species in the humid tropics. At 10 months after planting, average height of plants was 162 cm (range 70‒240 cm) with no effect of planting method. Ninety-seven per cent of plants established from seedlings survived, while 81% of pits established from direct seeding in the field had surviving plants. The cost of establishing a hectare of C. argentea was US$ 1,654.17, with 85.8% of the cost for labor and only 14.2% for other inputs, although costs of producing seedlings and hand-planting them were not considered. Studies to develop planting systems using less labor seem warranted.

scholarly journals Using Synthesised Organic Compounds as Environmentally Friendly Retardants for Ornamental Plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (28) ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
Tatiana Vostrikova ◽  
Vladislav Kalaev ◽  
Andrey Potapov ◽  
Dmitry Vandyshev ◽  
Khidmet Shikhaliev
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Tagetes Patula ◽  
Growth Retardants ◽  
Inhibiting Effect ◽  
Salvia Splendens ◽  
Species Specific

The pre-sowing treatment of scarlet sage (Salvia splendens Ker Gawl.) seeds with 4-methyl-2-piperidin1-yl-pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid at concentrations of 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1% proved to have an obvious inhibiting effect. Prior to sowing, the seeds of Salvia splendens were soaked in a water suspension of 4-methyl-2- piperidin-1-yl-pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid and 4-methyl-2-morpholin-4-pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid with concentrations of 0.01%, 0.05%, and 0.1% for 18 hours. On the 42nd day of the experiment, the seedlings, having been preliminarily hardened for 12 days, were removed from the greenhouse and planted on the field. The pre-sowing treatment of Salvia splendens seeds with 4-methyl-2-morpholin-4-pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid proved to have the inhibiting effect at concentrations of 0.01 and 0.05%. The height of the seedlings decreased by 13.3-43.7%. It was revealed that 4-methyl-2-piperidin-1-yl-pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid at concentrations of 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1% decreased the growth of the seedlings by 30.4-43.7%, and 4-methyl-2-morpholin-4- pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid at concentrations of 0.01 and 0.05% decreased the growth of the seedlings by 13.3-22.2%. By contrast, the effect of pyrimidinecarboxylic acids on seed germination and plant height of another annual flower – spreading marigold (Tagetes patula L.) was stimulating. It was investigated some different concentrations from 0.01 to 0.05 %. The same concentrations of identical compounds were tested, but effects from them were opposite for Tagetes patula, and Salvia splendens seedlings. Сonsequently, the species-specific effect of pyrimidinecarboxylic acids on seed germination and plant height for ornamental grasses takes place. Therefore,4-methyl-2-piperidin-1-yl-pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid and 4-methyl-2-morpholin4-pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid are recommended as growth retardants for Salvia splendens

scholarly journals Effect of applying different rates of slow - disintegrating fertilizer on the quality of marigold (Tagetes patula L.) and scarlet sage seedlings (Salvia splendens L.)

2007 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Vujosevic ◽  
Nada Lakic ◽  
Damir Beatovic ◽  
Slavica Jelacic
Keyword(s):  
Tagetes Patula ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Salvia Splendens ◽  
Poly Propylene

The paper investigates the effect of applying different rate of slow disintegrating fertilizer Scotts (Osmocot Exact) with the formula 15:9:9:MgO+Me to the quality of seedlings of marigold and scarlet sage. The marigold and scarlet sage seedlings were grown in poly-propylene containers (speedling system) and poly-propylene pots (pot system). Slow disintegrating fertilizer rate have been applied to the seedlings in the course of their growing (0, 1, 2, 3, i 4 g/l). The obtained data show that the 4g/l substrate rate of slow disintegrating fertilizer has significant effects on the studied parameters of seedlings quality of studied species.

scholarly journals (82) Determining Effects of a Uniconazole Drench on Celosia, Petunia, Salvia, and Tagetes

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1067B-1067
Author(s):  
Erik S. Runkle ◽  
Catherine M. Whitman ◽  
Mike Olrich
Keyword(s):  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Tagetes Erecta ◽  
Internode Elongation ◽  
Spray Application ◽  
Height Control ◽  
Bedding Plants ◽  
Salvia Splendens ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Celosia Argentea ◽  
Wave Rose

Uniconazole is a plant growth regulator used to inhibit internode elongation on container-grown ornamental plants. Uniconazole is effective on a wide range of plants, but is not commonly used on bedding plants because of concerns about stunting and flowering delay. Our objective was to determine the effectiveness of uniconazole when used as a drench, eliminating the variability inherent in a spray application. Seedlings of Celosia argentea L. var. plumosa L. `Fresh Look Red', Petunia ×hybrida Vilm.-Andr. `Prostrate Wave Rose', Salvia splendens Sell ex Roem. & Schult. `Vista Red', and Tagetes erecta L. `Inca II Gold' in 288-cell plug trays were transplanted 2 days after arrival into 10-cm pots filled with a soilless medium containing no bark. Plants were placed in a greenhouse with a setpoint of 20 °C and under a 16-h photoperiod provided by high-pressure sodium lamps. A single drench application of 0, 0.04, 0.07, 0.15, or 0.30 mg active ingredient/pot was made 11 days after transplant. The uniconazole drench inhibited internode elongation in these species and higher rates provided a greater degree of response. At time of flowering, the 0.30-mg uniconazole drench inhibited shoot length in Celosia, Petunia, Salvia, and Tagetes by 36%, 23% 26%, and 13%, respectively. Drenches of 0.04 or 0.07 mg provided a desirable degree of height control for Celosia and Salvia. For vigorous species like Petunia or Tagetes, 0.15 to 0.30 mg may be more appropriate. We observed a 1- or 2-day delay in flowering of Salvia and Tagetes plants drenched with 0.30 mg, but no delays in Petunia flowering.

scholarly journals Leonardite Influences Zinnia and Marigold Growth

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry B. Dudley ◽  
Alton J. Pertuit ◽  
Joe E. Toler
Keyword(s):  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Small World ◽  
Production Quality ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Tagetes Patula ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Growing Medium ◽  
Positive Growth

The addition of leonardite may increase, or at least maintain, production quality of ornamental plants and permit reductions in fertilizer inputs. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of a Utah-mined leonardite on early stages of zinnia (Zinnia elegans Jacq. `Small World Pink') and marigold (Tagetes patula L. `Janie Yellow') growth. The Utah leonardite was characterized by comparing it to the International Humic Substances Society's leonardite standard. Zinnia and marigold seedlings and transplants were grown in sand and 1 sand: 1 peat media (by volume) with leonardite additions of 0%, 3.125%, 6.25%, and 12.5%. Both species showed positive growth responses to 3.125% leonardite in each medium compared to fertilizer alone. Plant responses to increased leonardite additions were generally quadratic, and optimal leonardite levels were estimated. For growing zinnias, optimal conditions were determined to be 7.5% leonardite in a sand medium for seedlings and 8% in a sand-peat mixture for transplants. A sand-peat medium containing 7% leonardite was determined to be optimal for growing marigold seedlings and transplants. Addition of leonardite to growing medium offers promise for reducing fertilizer use during production of some ornamental plants.

scholarly journals Landscape Growth and Aesthetic Quality of Coleus Managed with Irrigation Deficits

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 561-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.M. Scheiber ◽  
Richard C. Beeson,
Keyword(s):  
Field Capacity ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Aesthetic Quality ◽  
Bedding Plants ◽  
Landscape Quality ◽  
Field Plots ◽  
Canopy Size

Previous research indicated that bedding plants can be maintained in landscape soils allowed to dry to substantially less than field capacity before irrigation; however, canopy size and aesthetic quality were compromised. Continuing this research, ‘Yalaha’ coleus (Solenostemon scutellarioides) were grown in drainage lysimeters in an open-sided clear polyethylene-covered shelter and a companion uncovered field plot to assess growth characteristics and landscape quality when irrigated at various managed allowable deficits. Using tensiometers, plants were irrigated back to field capacity when plant-available water within a soil was depleted to 70% or 50%. Deficits were evaluated against a control treatment of 0.5 inch daily irrigation. Total irrigation volume applied was significantly greater for the control treatments than deficit irrigation treatments. The net result was 78% and 90% average reductions in total volume applied to lysimeter and field-grown coleus respectively. On average, height was 20% and 15% greater for well-watered controls grown in lysimeters and field plots respectively than plants grown in deficit irrigations. Canopy size of nondeficit controls was 26% and 72% greater on average than deficit treatments in lysimeter and field plots respectively. However, shoot and root dry weights, total biomass, shoot-to-root ratios, and landscape quality were similar among treatments for both locations.

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