scholarly journals Seasonal Change of Nitrate and Oxalate Concentration in Relation to the Growth Rate of Spinach Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 1589-1595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aiko Kaminishi ◽  
Nobuhiro Kita
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Seasonal Change ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Nitrate Concentration ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Oxalate Concentration ◽  
Moderate Negative Correlation

Reduction of nitrate and oxalate content in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) has become the major concern in terms of their toxicity to human health. The primary objectives of this study were 1) to determine the seasonal change in nitrate and oxalate concentrations and 2) to elucidate the relationship between growth rate and concentration of nitrate and oxalate in spinach. In a replicated field experiment in Hiratsuka, Japan, the authors grew 182 cultivars of spinach over four growing seasons (winter, spring, summer, and fall) under the nitrogen application rate of 100 kg N·ha–1. The average number of days required for harvest was the shortest in summer (32.7days) and was longest in the winter (85.7 days). Mean nitrate concentration in spinach was significantly low in the winter (3797 mg·kg–1 fresh weight) compared with the other three seasons (4122–4328 mg·kg–1 fresh weight) in which no significant differences were found in mean nitrate levels. In contrast, oxalate concentrations showed a distinct seasonal variation, being the lowest in the fall (6149 mg·kg–1 fresh weight), followed by the summer (7525 mg·kg–1 fresh weight) and the spring (8903 mg·kg–1 fresh weight), and was the highest in the winter (10,929 mg·kg–1 fresh weight). Relative nitrate concentration showed a moderate negative correlation with relative days required for harvest (r = 0.411, P < 0.001), whereas relative oxalate concentration showed a strong positive correlation with relative days required for harvest (r = 0.566, P < 0.001). Accordingly, a moderate negative correlation (r = 0.325, P < 0.001) was detected between nitrate and oxalate concentrations. Moreover, fast-growing cultivars contained higher nitrate and lower oxalate, whereas slow-growing cultivars contained lower nitrate and higher oxalate. These results indicate that the growth rate primarily accounts for the nitrate and oxalate concentration in spinach, and nitrate and oxalate might play a counterrole to each other.

scholarly journals Relationship between Oxalate Concentration and Leaf Position in Various Spinach Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 1019-1021 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Okutani ◽  
N. Sugiyama
Keyword(s):  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Leaf Position ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Oxalate Concentration ◽  
The Relationship

A negative relationship has been reported between the oxalate concentration in leaves and leaf position numbered from the base for `Okame' spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.). We compared changes in leaf and stem oxalate concentrations among three cultivars. `Viroflay' differentiated and developed leaves at a lower rate than did `Okame' and `Kyoho'. Oxalate concentrations in plant tops decreased with time in `Okame' and `Kyoho', but `Viroflay' changed little. The relationship between leaf oxalate concentration (Y; millimoles per gram of fresh weight) and its position on the stem (X) was the same for all cultivars and can be given as Y = -0.0089X + 0.158.

scholarly journals Intramammary antibiotics in dairy goats : effect of stage of lactation, parity and milk volume on withdrawal periods, and the effect of treatment on milk compositional quality

2007 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Karzis ◽  
E.F. Donkin ◽  
I.M. Petzer
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Withdrawal Period ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Moderate Negative Correlation

The length of the antibiotic withdrawal period after intramammary treatment was influenced by the milk yield of dairy goats during this trial. Shorter withdrawal periods were seen in relatively high yielding dairy goats (production above 1.5 ℓ per day) compared to low producers (less than 1.3 ℓ per day). High yielding goats treated with Curaclox LC (Norbrook [Pharmacia AH]) had a withdrawal period of 42 h, while low yielding goats, treated with the same product, had a withdrawal period of 74 h. The recommended withdrawal period for Curaclox LC for use in cattle is 72 h. Relatively high yielding goats treated with Rilexine 200 LC (Logos Agvet [Virbac]) had a significantly shorter withdrawal period (37 h) than that recommended for use in cattle (96 h). Low yielding goats treated with Spectrazol Milking Cow (Schering-Plough Animal Health) had a significantly longer (95 h) withdrawal period than that recommended for use in cattle (60 h). Withdrawal periods were also influenced by stage of lactation and parity. There was a moderate positive correlation between lactation number and withdrawal period, as measured by TRIS (R2 = 0.621), and a moderate negative correlation between stage of lactation and withdrawal period (R2 = -0.669). In Trials 1, 2 and 3 combined there was a moderate negative correlation between withdrawal period and volume (R2 = -0.511) and a strong positive correlation between withdrawal period and lactation number (R2 = 0.720). The differences in percentage milk fat, protein and lactose before, during and after treatment were not statistically significant except in Trial 3 (Curaclox LC and Rilexine 200 LC) where protein and lactose differed significantly. In Trial 2 (Spectrazol Milking Cow) milk fat percentages differed significantly between treatment and control groups as did protein percentages in Trial 3. These differences are however, not biologically meaningful.

scholarly journals The correlation between spinal and chest wall deformities and pulmonary function in Marfan syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-348
Author(s):  
Hila Otremski ◽  
Roger F. Widmann ◽  
Mary F. Di Maio ◽  
Dror Ovadia
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Chest Wall ◽  
Marfan Syndrome ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Spinal Deformity ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Chest Wall Deformity ◽  
Moderate Negative Correlation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose Scoliosis, chest wall deformities and pulmonary involvement are common features of Marfan syndrome (MFS). We aimed to assess the impact of spinal and chest wall deformities on pulmonary function in paediatric MFS patients with a surgically managed spinal deformity. Methods In this multicentre retrospective study, spirometry, lung volumes and radiographic imaging were performed on 26 MFS patients between the ages of seven and 18 years who were undergoing planned spinal fusion surgery for spinal deformity. A correlation analysis assessed the relationship between radiographic measurements of spinal and chest wall deformities and predicted total lung capacity (TLC), forced vital capacity (FVC) and the ratio between forced expiratory volume in one second and FVC (FEV1/FVC). Results In total, 18 patients (70%) had impaired pulmonary function. Thoracic kyphosis (mean 19.3°; -32° to 54°) had a strong positive correlation with FEV1/FVC (r = 0.65; p < 0.001). Significant decrease in FEV1/FVC below 80% occurred at kyphosis under 15° (p = 0.004). Kyphosis had a moderate negative correlation with FVC (r = -0.43; p = 0.03). Chest wall deformity had a strong negative correlation with FEV1/FVC (r = -0.61; p = 0.001). The magnitude of the thoracic curve (mean 55.2°; 28° to 92°) had a significant moderate negative correlation with TLC (r = -0.45; p = 0.04). Conclusion In MFS, three factors correlate with decreased pulmonary function measures: hypokyphosis, increasing chest wall deformity and increasing coronal curve magnitude. Hypokyphosis and increased chest wall deformity correlated with diminished FEV1/FVC; increasing thoracic spinal curvature with diminished TLC. Further analysis with a larger cohort will help better define the relationship between these deformities and pulmonary function in this unique population. Level of Evidence IV

scholarly journals Evaluation of Oxalate Concentration in the U.S. Spinach Germplasm Collection

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 1690-1693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beiquan Mou
Keyword(s):  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight Basis ◽  
Oxalate Concentration ◽  
Commercial Cultivars ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The U.S

The entire USDA spinach (Spinacia oleracea) germplasm collection (338 accessions) and 11 commercial cultivars were screened for oxalate concentration. There were significant differences in oxalate concentration among the genotypes evaluated, ranging from 5.3% to 11.6% on a dry weight basis. The low-oxalate genotypes identified in our experiments are all S. oleracea. None of the two S. tetrandra and four S. turkestanica accessions screened had low levels of oxalate. Two accessions from Syria, PI 445782 (cultivar name Shami) and PI 445784 (cultivar name Baladi), consistently had low oxalate concentration. When expressed on a fresh weight basis, oxalate concentration may be affected by the moisture content of the plant. Oxalate concentration had little correlation with leaf types (flat or savoy) and leaf weight per plant. With the genetic variation and sources of low oxalate concentration found, breeding of spinach for a low level of oxalate seems feasible.

scholarly journals Non-motor impairments affect walking kinematics in Parkinson disease patients: A cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Sara Liguori ◽  
Antimo Moretti ◽  
Angela Palomba ◽  
Marco Paoletta ◽  
Francesca Gimigliano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson Disease ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Inertial Sensor ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Motor Impairments ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Moderate Negative Correlation ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND: In patients with Parkinson disease (PD), severe postural and gait impairments are rarely observed in early stage of disease and non-motor symptoms (NMS) are often overlooked. OBJECTIVE: This observational study aimed to characterize the impact of non-motor impairments on walking kinematics in early stages PD patients, and to assess the differences of gait parameters and NMS between PD patients with and without mild cognitive impairment (MCI). METHODS: Twenty-six patients with Modified Hoehn and Yahr Scale score≤2 were evaluated for NMS using Kings Parkinson’s Pain Scale, Parkinson Fatigue Severity scale, Parkinson Anxiety Scale, Beck Depression Inventory and Epworth Sleepiness Scale, kinematic parameters through an inertial sensor and cognitive performance by a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. RESULTS: Fatigue had a moderate negative correlation with step cadence, and a moderate to strong positive correlation with gait duration, Timed Up and Go (TUG) and TUG Dual Task (p <  0.01). Pain showed positive moderate correlation with gait duration (p <  0.01). Twelve patients resulted affected by MCI and reported significantly worse scores in gait duration, pain and fatigue (p <  0.05). According to cognitive z scores, PD-MCI group showed a moderate negative correlation between visuospatial abilities and fatigue (p <  0.05). CONCLUSIONS: NMS significantly affect walking kinematics whereas a limited role of cognitive status on motor performance occur in the early PD stages.

Sensitivity of Selected Vegetable and Weed Seedlings to Ultraviolet-B Radiation

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 480e-480
Author(s):  
Nancy H. Furness ◽  
Mahesh K. Upadhyaya ◽  
Douglas P. Ormrod
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Green Foxtail

Relative sensitivity of selected vegetable and weed seedlings to ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation (280–320 nm) was investigated. Seedlings were grown for 4 weeks in a greenhouse, in chambers equipped with UV-B-emitting fluorescent tubes and Mylar (control) and cellulose acetate (UV-B) filters. UV-B radiation reduced seedling height, leaf area, and leaf fresh weight in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum `Cour Di Bue'), broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. Italica `Purple Sprouting'), cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. Capitata `Red Drumhead'), and cucumber (Cucumis sativus `Straight Eight'), leaf area and leaf fresh weight in beet (Beta vulgaris `Cylindra' and `Early Wonder'), seedling height and leaf area in spinach (Spinacia oleracea `Long Standing Bloomsdale'), lettuce (Lactuca sativa ``Red Salad Bowl Everest') and `Savoy' cabbage, and seedling height in `Chinese Tip Top' cabbage and lettuce (`Saladin'). `Winterton' cabbage was not affected. UV-B radiation decreased leaf area and leaf fresh weight in common chickweed (Stellaria media) and corn spurry (Spergula arvensis) and seedling height in green foxtail (Setaria viridis) and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus). Tillering was stimulated in response to UV-B in green foxtail. There was no effect of UV-B on lady's-thumb (Polygonum persicaria) growth. Leaf number was not affected by exposure to UV-B in any species. The differential morphological sensitivity of vegetable and weed seedlings may result in altered competitive relationships under enhanced UV-B levels expected with the depletion of the earth's ozone layer.

scholarly journals Spatial Variation of the Relationship between PM2.5Concentrations and Meteorological Parameters in China

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Lin ◽  
Jingying Fu ◽  
Dong Jiang ◽  
Jianhua Wang ◽  
Qiao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Humid Region ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Warm Temperate

Epidemiological studies around the world have reported that fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is closely associated with human health. The distribution of PM2.5concentrations is influenced by multiple geographic and socioeconomic factors. Using a remote-sensing-derived PM2.5dataset, this paper explores the relationship between PM2.5concentrations and meteorological parameters and their spatial variance in China for the period 2001–2010. The spatial variations of the relationships between the annual average PM2.5, the annual average precipitation (AAP), and the annual average temperature (AAT) were evaluated using the Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) model. The results indicated that PM2.5had a strong and stable correlation with meteorological parameters. In particular, PM2.5had a negative correlation with precipitation and a positive correlation with temperature. In addition, the relationship between the variables changed over space, and the strong negative correlation between PM2.5and the AAP mainly appeared in the warm temperate semihumid region and northern subtropical humid region in 2001 and 2010, with some localized differences. The strong positive correlation between the PM2.5and the AAT mainly occurred in the mid-temperate semiarid region, the humid, semihumid, and semiarid warm temperate regions, and the northern subtropical humid region in 2001 and 2010.

Correlation between craniovertebral angle in the sagittal plane and angles and indices measured in the frontal plane at the moment of inducing forward head posture

Work ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Samira Molaeifar ◽  
Farzaneh Yazdani ◽  
Amin Kordi Yoosefinejad ◽  
Mohammad Taghi Karimi
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Forward Head Posture ◽  
Head Posture ◽  
Digital Devices ◽  
Moderate Negative Correlation ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Craniovertebral Angle

BACKGROUND: Forward head posture (FHP) is the most common malposition in the head and neck area. With the growing use of digital devices, the prevalence of FHP may be expected to increase dramatically. Thus far, FHP has been evaluated only in the sagittal plane. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to measure angles and indices from anatomical landmarks in the frontal plane and determine the possible correlations between these variables and craniovertebral angle (CVA) as an index of FHP in the sagittal plane. METHODS: Fifty eight healthy individuals (29 men, 29 women) between 18 and 40 years old participated in this cross-sectional study. Participants were evaluated with an 8-camera motion analysis system. After markers were placed on predetermined landmarks, the participants were asked to maintain their head and neck in the neutral position for 5 seconds. Then participants induced FHP by flexing and lowering their head. The correlation between CVA and a set of angles and indices was calculated at the moment of FHP induction. RESULTS: A moderate correlation was observed between 3-D CVA and the angle formed between the sternum and both tragi for the whole sample and separately in both sexes. A moderate negative correlation was observed between 3-D CVA and height, weight, and BMI in women. A moderate negative correlation was observed between 3-D CVA and height, weight, BMI, and hours on digital devices in men. CONCLUSIONS: Changes in CVA in the sagittal plane can be predicted from changes in the angle formed between the midpoint of the sternum and the left and right tragi in the frontal plane.

scholarly journals The effects of cardiac rehabilitation on haemodynamic parameters measured by impedance cardiography in patients with coronary artery disease

2020 ◽  
pp. 126-126
Author(s):  
Milovan Stojanovic ◽  
Marina Deljanin-Ilic ◽  
Stevan Ilic ◽  
Dejan Petrovic ◽  
Bojan Ilic
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Impedance Cardiography ◽  
Exercise Stress ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Physical Strain ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Strain Tolerance ◽  
Artery Disease

Background / Aim. Well-organized cardiovascular rehabilitation (CVR) reduces cardiovascular burden by influencing cardiovascular risk factors, improving the quality of life and reducing mortality and hospital readmission. However, its effects on hemodynamic status are largely unknown. The aim of our study was to evaluate the influence of three-week CVR program on hemodynamic status and to investigate if there is a correlation between physical strain tolerance and hemodynamic parameters measured by impedance cardiography (ICG) before and after CVR program in patients with coronary artery disease. Methods. Fifty-two patients attended a three-week CVR program. At the beginning and at the end of rehabilitation program laboratory tests, exercise stress tests (EST) and ICG measurements were taken. Results. Patients showed better strain tolerance on the second exercise stress test (EST2) by achieving higher strain level (Z=2,315; p=0,021) and longer duration of test (Z=2,305; p=0,021). There was a strong positive correlation between the level of EST2 and cardiac output (CO) (r=0,538; p<0,001) and stroke volume (SV) (r=0,380; p=0,017) on the second ICG (ICG2). Also, there was a strong negative correlation between EST2 level and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) (r=-0,472; p=0,002) and SVR index (SSVRI) (r=-0,407; p=0,010) on ICG2. There was a strong positive correlation between EST2 duration and CO (r=0.517; p=0.001) as well as between EST2 duration and SV (r=0.340; p=0.034), and a strong negative correlation between EST2 duration and SVR (r=-0.504; p=0.001) as well as between EST2 duration and SVRI (r=-0.448; p=0.004), according to ICG2. Conclusion. Our study showed that a well-designed CVR program can lead to better physical strain tolerance. Furthermore, CVR led to a significant positive correlation between EST and cardiac output as well as between EST and stroke volume measured by ICG. On the other hand, there was a significant negative correlation between EST and vascular related parameters according to ICG at the end of the CVR program.

scholarly journals Experimental implantoplasty outcomes correlate with fibroblast growth in vitro

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrnaz Beheshti Maal ◽  
Stig Aanerød Ellingsen ◽  
Janne Elin Reseland ◽  
Anders Verket
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Rough Surface ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Titanium Surface ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Initial Increase ◽  
Fibroblast Growth ◽  
Moderate Negative Correlation

Abstract Background Implantoplasty is an option in peri-implantitis treatment, but little is known about the effect on the soft tissue. The aim of the study was to characterize surface roughness following experimental implantoplasty and to examine its effect on human fibroblast growth and the secretion of selected proteins.Methods Titanium grade IV coins were mechanically treated with six different rotating bur sequences; diamond burs or carbide burs alone, or followed by either Arkansas stone bur or silicone burs. Machined and rough-surface sandblasted, acid-etched (SLA) coins were used as control. The surface topography was characterized by scanning electron microscope and profilometer. Human gingival fibroblasts from two donors were cultured on the coins to quantify the effect on cell morphology, growth and protein secretion by confocal microscopy and multiplex immunoassay.Results All surface roughness parameters were lower for the surfaces treated with experimental implantoplasty than for the SLA surface, and the sequence of carbide burs followed by silicone burs rendered the least rough surface of the test groups. The implantoplasty procedures changed the elemental composition of the titanium surface. High surface roughness showed a weak to moderate negative correlation to fibroblast growth, but induced a higher secretion of VEGF, IL-6 and MCP-3 to the cell medium compared to the least rough surfaces of the test groups. At day 30 fibronectin levels were higher in the SLA group.Conclusions The surface roughness following implantoplasty demonstrated a weak to moderate negative correlation with the growth of fibroblasts. The addition of Arkansas stone and silicon burs to the experimental implantoplasty bur protocol rendered an initial increase in fibroblast growth. Implantoplasty altered the elemental composition of the titanium surface, and had an effect on the fibroblast cytokine secretion and fibronectin levels.

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