scholarly journals Survey of Hazelnut Germplasm from Russia and Crimea for Response to Eastern Filbert Blight

HortScience ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Molnar ◽  
David E. Zaurov ◽  
Joseph C. Goffreda ◽  
Shawn A. Mehlenbacher
Keyword(s):  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
Geographic Origins ◽  
Anisogramma Anomala ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Eastern Filbert Blight ◽  
Made In ◽  
The Crimean Peninsula

Six hundred five hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) seedlings from a diverse germplasm collection made in the Russian Federation and the Crimean peninsula of the Ukraine were inoculated with the eastern filbert blight (EFB) pathogen Anisogramma anomala (Peck) E. Müller and their responses evaluated. Responses were rated on a scale of 0 to 5, in which 0 represents no sign of EFB and 5 represents all branches exhibiting cankers. At final evaluation, eight seedlings showed no signs of the pathogen or symptoms of the disease. Five additional seedlings expressed only very minor signs of the pathogen (rating = 1). The remainder ranged in disease expression from moderately to severely infected to dead with 89.7% (470 of 524) of the surviving seedlings rating 4 or 5. Of the 13 apparently resistant seedlings (rating 0 or 1), seven originated from nuts purchased from roadside vendors near Simferopol, Crimea, Ukraine; five from nuts purchased at an outdoor market near Krasnodar, Russia; and one from nuts obtained from the hazelnut breeding program of the Nikita Botanical Gardens, Yalta, Crimea, Ukraine. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers generated by the primers UBC 152800 and OP AA12850, which are tightly linked to the single dominant resistance gene ‘Gasaway’, were not present in all 13 resistant seedlings, providing support, along with their geographic origins, that they represent novel sources of genetic resistance to EFB.

scholarly journals Identification and Mapping of DNA Markers Linked to Eastern Filbert Blight Resistance from OSU 408.040 Hazelnut

HortScience ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 570-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vidyasagar R. Sathuvalli ◽  
Shawn A. Mehlenbacher ◽  
David C. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Locus ◽  
State University ◽  
Willamette Valley ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Disease Marker ◽  
Anisogramma Anomala ◽  
Eastern Filbert Blight

Eastern filbert blight (EFB) of European hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.), caused by the pyrenomycete Anisogramma anomala (Peck) E. Müller, is a major disease problem and production constraint in Oregon’s Willamette Valley. Host genetic resistance is viewed as the most economical means of controlling this disease. Marker-assisted selection has been extensively used for ‘Gasaway’ resistance in the hazelnut breeding program at Oregon State University (OSU). Concern over potential breakdown of this single resistance gene prompted a search for new sources of resistance. Selection OSU 408.040 showed no signs or symptoms of the fungus after a series of disease inoculations, and resistance was transmitted to half of its offspring, indicating control by a dominant allele at a single locus. In this study, we identified six random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and 11 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers linked to EFB resistance from OSU 408.040. The new markers supplement the previously identified amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. A linkage map constructed in the progeny OSU 245.098 × OSU 408.040 spanned a distance of 19.5 cM with the resistance locus cosegregating with AFLP marker A8-150 and located between SSR markers LG675 and LG682. Using SSR markers as anchor loci, OSU 408.040 resistance was assigned to linkage group 6 (LG6). Comparison with the previously mapped ‘Gasaway’ resistance locus showed that resistance from OSU 408.040 maps to the same location.

scholarly journals Survey of Hazelnut Cultivars for Response to Eastern Filbert Blight Inoculation

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 729-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
China F. Lunde ◽  
Shawn A. Mehlenbacher ◽  
David C. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Rapd Marker ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Corylus Avellana ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Resistant Parent ◽  
Anisogramma Anomala ◽  
Eastern Filbert Blight

Ninety hazelnut (Corylus sp.) genotypes were surveyed for response to the eastern filbert blight pathogen [Anisogramma anomala (Peck) E. Müller] following greenhouse inoculation using a combination of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and visual inspection for cankers. Most were cultivars of the European hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) and a few were interspecific hybrids. Six genotypes did not display signs of the pathogen or symptoms of disease: `Closca Molla', `Ratoli', `Yoder #5', `Potomac', `Medium Long', and `Grand Traverse'. `Closca Molla' and `Ratoli', both minor Spanish cultivars, are superior in many respects to `Gasaway', which has been extensively used as a completely resistant parent in breeding. `Potomac' and `Yoder #5' have C. americana Marsh. in their pedigrees, `Grand Traverse' is one-quarter C. colurna, and the origin of `Medium Long' is uncertain. The random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker generated by primer UBC 152, which is linked to the single dominant resistance gene of `Gasaway', is absent in these six genotypes, and thus they appear to be novel sources of genetic resistance to this devastating disease.

scholarly journals Eastern Filbert Blight-resistant Hazelnuts from Russia, Ukraine, and Poland

HortScience ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 466-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Capik ◽  
Megan Muehlbauer ◽  
Ari Novy ◽  
Josh A. Honig ◽  
Thomas J. Molnar
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Corylus Avellana ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Sequence Characterized Amplified Region ◽  
Disease Phenotypes ◽  
Anisogramma Anomala ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Eastern Filbert Blight ◽  
Scar Primers

Stable genetic resistance to the fungal disease eastern filbert blight (EFB), caused by Anisogramma anomala, is vital for sustainable production of European hazelnut (Corylus avellana) in eastern North America. In this study, new hazelnut germplasm from the Russian Federation, Ukraine, and Poland (a total of 1844 trees from 66 seed lots) was subjected to A. anomala under field conditions over at least five years in New Jersey. Plants were then rated for the presence of EFB using an index of 0 (no disease) through 5 (all stems containing cankers). Nuts of the resistant trees were evaluated to identify plants with improved kernel characteristics. Genomic DNA of these trees was also screened with sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers generated by the primers BE-03, BE-33, and BE-68, which are closely linked to the single dominant R-gene of ‘Gasaway’, to assess the resistant seedlings for the presence of this well-known source of resistance. At final evaluation, 76 trees remained free of disease with nine expressing only minor symptoms (rating 1 or 2). The resistant trees spanned 24 different seed lots representing all three countries. The remaining trees ranged from moderately to severely infected with 81% of the total collection rating 5. Several of the resistant trees were found to produce commercial-sized (≈12 mm diameter), round kernels that blanched well. Although the results of the ‘Gasaway’ SCAR primers were inconclusive, the diverse collection origins and disease phenotypes provide evidence that novel sources of resistance were likely identified in this study. These new plants should broaden the genetic base of EFB-resistant C. avellana hazelnut germplasm available for breeding.

Political solidarity through action (and inaction): How international relations changed intracultural perceptions in Ukraine

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 396-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Chayinska ◽  
Anca Minescu ◽  
Craig McGarty
Keyword(s):  
Political Mobilization ◽  
Customs Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Identity Threat ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
The Social ◽  
Identity Model ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Political Solidarity ◽  
The Crimean Peninsula

The present research sought to explain the mechanisms behind rival Ukrainian solidarity campaigns advocating protection of the minority Crimean Tatars in the immediate aftermath of Russia’s 2014 annexation of the Crimean peninsula. Adapting the social identity model of helping and solidarity we propose that political solidarity is a form of collective action in which allies can align their aspirational identities to the oppressed group’s political loyalties through a process of disidentification from powerful outgroups. We proposed and found supportive evidence ( N = 657) for the notion that both action (facilitation pathway) and inaction (inhibitory pathway) to support the Crimean Tatars were derived from disidentification from the European Union or the Russian-Federation-dominated Customs Union and are mediated by perception of the Crimean Tatars’ loyalties towards Russia and Ukraine. The findings provide initial evidence for a new understanding of political mobilization in support of third parties as a group-level emergent phenomenon in the context of identity threat.

scholarly journals Syntaxonomy of segetal vegetation of the Crimea on the using cluster analysis

2019 ◽  
pp. 17-29
Author(s):  
N. A. Bagrikova
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
Botanical Gardens ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Stellarietea Mediae ◽  
Made In ◽  
The Crimean Peninsula

Aims. To make adjustments to the higher classification units of segetal vegetation of the Crimean peninsula based on the application of cluster analysis and modern conceps of syntaxonomy. Materials and methods. The analysis is based on 2876 own descriptions made in 1993-2011, 748 descriptions from the phyto-coenotic base of Flora and Vegetation Department of the Nikita Botanical Gardens, compiled in the 1960-1970s, and the descriptions from other literature sources. Results.The results of segetal vegetation studies of annual (cereal and tilled crops) and perennial (vineyards, orchards, plantations of essential-oil rose and lavender) of arable lands of the Crimean peninsula are presented. On the basis of the analysis the differentiation of communities on agrocoenotific gradient has been performed. Changes have been made to the classification scheme at the level of classes and orders. Crimean weedy communities are united in 51 associations, 15 alliances, 7 orders and 4 classes (Stellarietea mediae, Artemisietea vulgaris, Sisymbrietea, Oryzetea sativae).

scholarly journals 061 Novel Sources of Genetic Resistance to Eastern Filbert Blight in Hazelnut

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 451E-451
Author(s):  
C.F. Lunde ◽  
M.S. Mehlenbacher ◽  
D.C. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Indirect Elisa ◽  
Rapd Marker ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Corylus Avellana ◽  
Resistant Cultivar ◽  
Resistant Phenotype ◽  
Anisogramma Anomala ◽  
Eastern Filbert Blight ◽  
Resistance Source

A survey of hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) genotypes for response to the eastern filbert blight pathogen [Anisogramma anomala (Peck) E. Müller] was performed. Seven varieties were discovered that did not display disease signs or symptoms when subjected to severe inoculation with A. anomala in the greenhouse and assayed for infection. These cultivars are `Closca Molla', `Ratoli', `Yoder #5', `Potomac', `Medium Long', `Grand Traverse' and `Zimmerman'. `Ratoli' and `Closca Molla', both minor varieties from Spain, are superior agronomic types to the resistant cultivar Gasaway, which has been the main resistance source used in the breeding program. Only `Zimmerman' carries the RAPD marker linked to resistance in populations segregating for the `Gasaway' gene. Three populations were created using, `Zimmerman', as the pollen parent in controlled crosses. These populations were inoculated with spores of the pathogen and assayed by indirect ELISA and by observation of canker incidence. Resistant phenotypes make up 84% of the populations, indicating that `Zimmerman' possesses resistance either distinct from or additional to that found in, `Gasaway'. A RAPD marker linked to the resistance gene in crosses with `Gasaway' cosegregates with the resistant phenotype in all three populations (0 cM, 3 cM, 4 cM). Mechanisms to explain the distortion in these populations are discussed. Further studies are required to characterize the mechanism and inheritance resistance in these other clones.

scholarly journals Territory Branding as an Instrument of Regional Development (as Exemplified by the Republic of Crimea)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 388-403
Author(s):  
Ksenia Kornilova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Systematic Program ◽  
The Crimean Peninsula

Today in the scientific community and among the practicing experts in the field of tourism there are not enough research findings, which would reveal specifics of tourism development on the Crimean peninsula, potential prospects and approaches to current problems of tourist services for the Russian Federation residents. The article considers different types of tourism in the Republic of Crimea from 2014 to 2017 after its joining the Russian Federation. Having analyzed historical, economic, geographical and other specific features of the region as well as statistical data the author reveals peculiarities of tourism development in the Crimea and Sevastopol, describes opportunities to promote tourist services. The article states problems and prospects of tourism business in the region in the context of territory branding as an important component of territory marketing. The article concludes that it is necessary to develop cultural and informative tourism in the Crimea and to implement a systematic program-oriented approach to organizing exhibition activities in larger cities of the peninsula as well as in the region in general.

RUSSIAN ANTI-ACCESS POTENTIAL (A2 / AD) ON THE CRIMEAN PENINSULA

2020 ◽  
Vol XIV ◽  
pp. 0-1
Author(s):  
Patryk Reśkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Security Architecture ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Crimean Peninsula

The purpose of the following article is to present the military capabilities of the Russian Federation located on the Crimean peninsula, and to define in this context Russian A2/AD anti-access capabilities and their impact on the security architecture of the Black Sea region, in particular NATO's south-eastern flank

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