Effect of Distillation Time on Mentha canadensis Essential Oil Yield and Composition

Japanese cornmint (Mentha canadensis L.) is a major essential oil crop grown in Asia, South America, and to a limited extent in eastern Europe. Japanese cornmint oil is the only commercially viable source for crystalline menthol. We hypothesized that the length of the distillation time (DT) will have an effect on Japanese cornmint essential oil content and composition. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the effect of eight DTs (1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, and 160 min) on essential oil content and composition. The essential oil content (0.43% to 1.06% range) reached maximum at 10 min DT; further increase in DT did not significantly increase essential oil content. The concentrations of alpha-pinene (0.14% to 0.76% range), beta-pinene (0.23–0.81), 3-octanal (0.19–0.34), limonene (0.69% to 1.53%), eucalyptol (0.06% to 0.12%), isopulegone (0.42% to 0.56%), and isomenthone (4.4% to 5.7%) were highest at 1.25 to 5 min DT and generally decreased to their respective minimums at 160 min DT. The concentration of menthone (4.3% to 6.3%) was highest at 1.25 min DT, decreased at 2.5 min, and was lowest at 10 to 160 min DT. The concentration of piperitone (0.98% to 1.27%) was lowest at 1.25 min DT and higher at 5 to 40 min DT compared with other DTs. The concentration of menthol (74% to 79%) was low at 1.25 min, then increased at 10 to 80 min DT, and reached a maximum at 160 min DT. Generally, the yield of most individual essential oil constituents was lower at 1.25 min DT relative to the other DT and reached maximum at 10 to 20 min DT. The yield of menthol was low at 1.25 to 2.5 min DT and rose at 5 min to 160 min DT. The results suggest that different DTs can be used to maximize recovery of certain constituents. Also, the results demonstrated that there are no oil yield gains after 20 min DT, which is much lower than the usual distillation time of 60 min or more. This study can be used as a reference when comparing reports in which different DTs were used.

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Distillation Time Effect on Essential Oil Yield, Composition, and Antioxidant Capacity of Sweet Sagewort (Artemisia annua L.) Oil

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.48.10.1288 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 48 (10) ◽

pp. 1288-1292 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Valtcho D. Zheljazkov ◽

Tess Astatkie ◽

Thomas Horgan ◽

Vicki Schlegel ◽

Xavier Simonnet

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Oil Content ◽

Artemisia Annua ◽

Oil Yield ◽

Specific Chemical ◽

Alpha Pinene ◽

Sweet Wormwood ◽

Essential Oil Yield ◽

Reporting Data

Sweet sagewort, also known as sweet wormwood (Artemisia annua L.), contains essential oil and other natural products. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of eight different distillation times (DTs; 1.25 minutes, 2.5 minutes, 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 20 minutes, 40 minutes, 80 minutes, and 160 minutes) on A. annua essential oil and its antioxidant capacity. Highest essential oil yield was achieved at 160-minute DT. The concentration of camphor (8.7% to 50% in the oil) was highest at the shorter DT and reached a minimum at 160-minute DT. The concentration of borneol showed a similar trend as the concentration of camphor. The concentrations of some constituents in the oil were highest at 2.5-minute DT (alpha-pinene and camphene), at 10 minutes (paracymene), at 20 minutes (beta-chamigrene and gamma-himachalene), at 80 minutes [transmuurola-4(15),5-diene and spathulenol], at 80- to 160-minute DT (caryophylene oxide and cis-cadin-4-en-ol), or at 160-minute DT (beta-caryophyllene, transbeta-farnesene, and germacrene-D). The yield of individual constituents reached maximum at 20- to 160-minute DT (camphor) at 80- to 160-minute DT [paracymene, borneol, transmuurola-4(15),5-diene, and spathulenol], or at 160-minute DT (for the rest of the oil constituents). DT can be used to attain A. annua essential oil with differential and possibly targeted specific chemical profile. The highest antioxidant capacity of the oil was obtained at 20-minute DT and the lowest from the oil in the 5-minute DT. This study suggests that literature reports on essential oil content and composition of A. annua could be compared only if the essential oil was extracted at similar DTs. Therefore, DT must be reported when reporting data on essential oil content and composition of A. annua.

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Phenological, yield, essential oil yield and oil content of cumin accessions as affected by irrigation regimes

Industrial Crops and Products ◽

10.1016/j.indcrop.2014.01.028 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 54 ◽

pp. 167-174 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

S. Alinian ◽

J. Razmjoo

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Oil Content ◽

Oil Yield ◽

Irrigation Regimes ◽

Essential Oil Yield

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IMPACT OF SEASON AND HARVEST FREQUENCY ON BIOMASS AND ESSENTIAL OIL YIELDS OF ARTEMISIA HERBA-ALBA CULTIVATED IN SOUTHERN TUNISIA

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0014479709990445 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 45 (4) ◽

pp. 499-508 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

HEDI MIGHRI ◽

AHMED AKROUT ◽

JOSEPH CASANOVA ◽

FELIX TOMI ◽

MOHAMED NEFFATI

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Oil Content ◽

Growth Stage ◽

Arid Zone ◽

Experimental Period ◽

The Other ◽

Flowering Stage ◽

Harvest Frequency ◽

Dry Biomass ◽

Essential Oil Yield

SUMMARYArtemisia herba-alba Asso has been successfully cultivated in the Tunisian arid zone. However, information regarding the effects of the harvest frequency on its biomass and essential oil yields is very limited. In this study, the effects of three different frequencies of harvesting the upper half of the A. herba-alba plant tuft were compared. The harvest treatments were: harvesting the same individual plants at the flowering stage annually; harvesting the same individual plants at the full vegetative growth stage annually and harvesting the same individual plants every six months. Statistical analyses indicated that all properties studied were affected by the harvest frequency. Essential oil yield, depended both on the dry biomass and its essential oil content, and was significantly higher from plants harvested annually at the flowering stage than the other two treatments. The composition of the β- and α-thujone-rich oils did not vary throughout the experimental period.

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Essential oil yield and yield components of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) as affected by genotype and intrarow spacing at Jimma, SW Ethiopia

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.1743 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 71 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Abraham Ambi Alemu ◽

Weyessa Garedew ◽

Aynalem Gebre

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Yield Components ◽

Oil Content ◽

Ocimum Basilicum ◽

Oil Yield ◽

Plant Spacing ◽

College Of Agriculture ◽

Jimma University ◽

Essential Oil Yield ◽

Different Parts

Basil is an aromatic, medicinal, culinary, and multifunctional herb which is grown in different parts of Ethiopia. Although the oil distilled from the herb, as well as its herbal yields, are a crucial input in the pharmaceutical industry and for culinary purposes, the yield obtained is below its potential due to various challenges. Genotype and plant spacing are two of the factors which contribute to the low production of the crop. A field trial was conducted at Jimma University College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine (JUCAVM) in 2016 and 2017 to assess the effect of genotype and plant spacing on essential oil yield and other yield-related traits of this important herb. Four promising genotypes (BO-1, BO-3, BO-4, and BO-5) and three plant spacings (20, 30, and 40 cm) were studied in a 4 × 3 factorial design arranged as randomized complete blocks (RCBD) with three replications. Data on plant height, leaf area, number of primary branches, essential oil content and oil yield were collected and analyzed. The analysis of variance revealed that there were highly significant (p < 0.01) interaction effect of genotype with plant spacing for all parameters tested. The maximum essential oil yield (7.88 kg ha−1) was obtained from genotype BO-5 at 30 cm spacing, whilst the least (2.68 kg ha−1) was recorded from BO-1 at 40 cm spacing. The maximum oil content (101 mL g−1) was gained from BO-1 at 20 cm, but BO-3 at 30 cm spacing recorded the least oil content though there were no significant differences between the three treatment combinations. Further studies at different locations and seasons will be important to for future local recommendations.

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Light intensities alter growth and essential oil of patchouli under shade nets

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20210118 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 52 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Aurislaine Santos Ribeiro ◽

Suzan Kelly Vilela Bertolucci ◽

Alexandre Alves de Carvalho ◽

Wesley Naves Tostes ◽

Adriane Duarte Coelho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Oil Content ◽

Oil Yield ◽

Light Intensities ◽

Pogostemon Cablin ◽

Aromatic Species ◽

Pharmaceutical Industries ◽

Essential Oil Yield

ABSTRACT: Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. is an aromatic species popularly known as patchouli. The essential oil rich in patchoulol extracted from leaves is used by the pharmaceutical industries. The objective was to investigate the effects of shade nets and shading intensities on P. cablin growth, anatomy, chemical composition and essential oil content. The experiment was conducted with two types of shade nets (black and Aluminet), three light intensities (30, 50, and 70% shading) and full sun. The different light intensities influenced the growth and the essential oil yield, and chemical composition. Patchouli plants grown in an environment with shading showed higher values for the leaf, stem, root ant total dry weights compared to full sun. At 50% of shading, Aluminet provided gain in stem and total dry weights. Aluminet and black net at 50 and 70% of shading enhance essential oil yield. Patchoulol and pogostol contents were higher under full sun, and, black net and Aluminet at 50% shading. The environment for patchouli cultivation can be improved by use shade nets, especially with Aluminet at 50% of shading.

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Çukurova Ekolojik Koşullarında Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) de Diurnal Varyabilitenin Bazı Verim ve Kalite Özelliklerine Etkisinin Belirlenmesi

Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology ◽

10.24925/turjaf.v7i3.531-535.2377 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 531 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Çiğdem Sönmez ◽

Hülya Okkaoğlu

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Oil Content ◽

Block Design ◽

Early Morning ◽

Oil Yield ◽

Lavandula Angustifolia ◽

High Drug ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Essential Oil Yield ◽

Herb Yield

Lavender as called Lavandula angustifolia Mill. is used for many purposes such as pharmaceutical, cosmetics etc industry. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of different harvest hours on yield, essential oil and essential oil yield in lavender. The research was conducted a randomized complete block design with three replications under Karaisalı/Adana ecological conditions. Flowering lavender plants were harvested every two hours starting from 8 am at five different times. The fresh herb yield, dry herb yield, drug flos yield, essential oil content and essential oil yield were determined in 2014 and 2015. The highest means were obtained from harvestings at 8 in morning when lowest means were recorded at harvesting at 14 in afternoon for both drug flos and essential oil yield in similar. Based on the results from research of two years, it was concluded that it would be suitable to harvest in early morning for obtaining high drug flos and essential oil yields.

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Effect of salicylic acid concentrations and spray dates on growth of coriander plant (Coriandrum sativum L.) and essential oil content of its seeds

Muthanna Journal for Agricultural Sciences ◽

10.52113/mjas04/8.2/24 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Qasim Ajel Al-Zyadi

Keyword(s):

Salicylic Acid ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Oil Content ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Coriandrum Sativum ◽

Oil Yield ◽

Oil Percentage ◽

Essential Oil Yield

"The experiment was carried out in fields of Agricultural Research and Experiments Station (2) affiliated with the College of Agriculture / Al-Muthanna University during growth season 2018-2019 to study the effect of spraying three different concentrations of salicylic acid (0, 100 and 200 mg.L-1) and spray date it at three different dates (60 , 90 and 120 days after planting) on growth of Coriandrum sativum L. and a volatile oil content in seeds. The experiment was applied using a randomized complete block design RCBD with three replications. The results showed that plants treated with salicylic acid (200 mg.L-1) was significantly outperformed of dry weight shoot, the weight of 100 seeds and seed yield gave (21.76 g.plant-1, 1.22 g and 7.79 g.plant-1) respectively. While, the plants treated with salicylic (100 mg.L-1) was significantly outperformed and gave highest values of essential oil percentage (0.87%) and essential oil yield (6.32 μl.plant-1). The plants that were sprayed with salicylic after 120 days of cultivation outperformed significantly in the weight of 100 seeds, seed yield and essential oil yield were gave (1.12 gm., 7.54 gm.plant-1 and 5.53 μl.plant-1). While, the highest values were recorded in the dry weight of the shoot total (20.51 g.plant-1) and in essential oil percentage (0.787%) in plants that were sprayed after 90 days of cultivation."

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Environmental influence over the emblements and content of the caraway essential oil (Carum carvi L.)

Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis ◽

10.11118/actaun200755050083 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 55 (5) ◽

pp. 83-94

Author(s):

Jaroslav Králík ◽

Miroslav Jůzl ◽

Blanka Kocourková

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Cover Crop ◽

Oil Content ◽

Environmental Influence ◽

Oil Yield ◽

Vegetative Period ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative ◽

Carum Carvi ◽

Essential Oil Yield

The work deals with the possibility of improvement of qualitative and quantitative parameters of caraway (Carum carvi L.). The yield of the achenes is not satisfactory during last years and qualitative demands are clarify in correspondence to the market. The possibilities of this variation can be found in growing technology and in variety spectrum. The influence of weather is inconsiderable. Therefore, the experiments with three varieties were found (PROCHAN, KEPRON and REKORD). They were cultivated in cover crop and as pure growth on three sites. The yield components were evaluated in all variants: the yield of the achenes from m2, HTS (the weight of thousand seeds in g), the essential oil content in % and essential oil yield in kg.ha–1. On the basis of the results from the experiments we can make following conclusions. The highest yield was recorded in Šumperk site with cover crop. The varieties did not affect the yield. HTS was different on the sites, the highest HTS had the achenes from Telč. The differences were determined between vegetative periods. Also the essential oil content, similarly as the HTS, was influenced by the vegetative period and by the site. The essential oil yield corresponded with the essential oil content and with the yield of the achenes. The vegetative period almost always affected yield and the quality of caraway fundamentally. There were no differences among the varieties for all studied traits.

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Differences in essential oil yield, composition, and bioactivity of three juniper species from Eastern Europe

Industrial Crops and Products ◽

10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.08.012 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 124 ◽

pp. 643-652 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

T. Radoukova ◽

V.D. Zheljazkov ◽

I. Semerdjieva ◽

I. Dincheva ◽

A. Stoyanova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Eastern Europe ◽

Oil Yield ◽

Essential Oil Yield

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Screening of Rosa damascena Mill. landraces for flower yield and essential oil content in cold climates

Folia Horticulturae ◽

10.1515/fhort-2016-0005 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 31-40 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Bayzid Yousefi

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Arid Regions ◽

Oil Content ◽

Block Design ◽

Oil Yield ◽

Rosa Damascena ◽

Flower Yield ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Cool Temperate ◽

Essential Oil Yield

Abstract In order to evaluate flower yield and essential oil content of Rosa damascena, 49 landraces were studied in a randomized complete block design with three replications in Sanandaj (Iran) during 2004-8. An analysis of variance revealed significant differences (p ≤ 0.01) for the number of flowers per plant, flower and petal weight, flower and petal yield per plant, essential oil ratio and essential oil yield per plant among landraces (G), years (Y) and for landrace × year (GY). The landraces of FA1, KR2, KR3, FA2, AR1 and YZ2 with 3291.9, 2526.4, 2298.7, 2239.8, 2077.6 and 1978.7 kg ha−1, respectively, produced the highest flower yield and the landraces of IS3, IS2, KR2, IS4 and FA2 with 413.25, 378.11, 364.31, 315.30 and 296.10 g ha−1, respectively, produced the highest essential oil among all of the landraces. In accordance to this, cluster analysis also classified high flower and essential oil yield landraces in distinct groups at an 87% similarity. According to the results, most landraces that originated from temperate, warm temperates and arid regions such as the FA2, YZ2 and Isfahan group of landraces produced higher flower yield and essential oil than those from cool, cool temperate, semi-arid and humid regions. Taking into consideration flower yield and essential oil, the landraces of KR2, YZ2, IS3, IS2 and FA2 with 2526.4, 1978.7, 1659.8, 1663.2 and 2239.8 kg ha−1 flower yield, respectively, and 364.31, 265.31, 413.25, 378.11 and 296.10 g ha−1 essential oil, respectively, produced the highest flower yield and essential oil content among the landraces and are recommended for semi-temperate and cool areas.

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