scholarly journals Performance of Winter Overseeded and Colorant-treated ‘Tifway’ Bermudagrass Receiving Weekly Irrigation and Simulated Traffic

HortScience ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 580-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Hargey ◽  
Benjamin Wherley ◽  
Casey Reynolds ◽  
Richard White ◽  
Garrett Parker
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Irrigation Schedule ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Green Cover ◽  
Spring Transition

Municipal water restrictions across the southern and southwestern United States have created additional challenges for maintaining safe playing surfaces on recreational turf facilities. In recent years, many cities within these regions have begun to impose irrigation restrictions during winter months. Although winter overseeding has been regularly practiced in these areas, interest and use of colorants as an alternative to overseeding has grown due to decreasing water availability and budget concerns. Data on relative performance of colorant-treated vs. overseeded dormant turf would be of interest to turf managers, because colorants may be more cost-effective and require less water than winter overseeding. The objectives of this 2-year field study were to evaluate effects of winter treatments on performance (green cover, surface hardness, and soil moisture attributes), turfgrass injury resulting from simulated traffic, and spring transition of ‘Tifway’ bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L. × Cynodon transvaalensis Burtt-Davy) under a 1-day per week irrigation schedule. Treatments included 1) untreated bermudagrass, 2) fall colorant-treated bermudagrass, 3) perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) overseeded bermudagrass, and 4) turf-type annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) overseeded bermudagrass. In both years, treatment differences were detected for percent green cover, soil volumetric water content (VWC), percent visual turfgrass injury, surface hardness, and percent bermudagrass transition. Percent green cover and visual turfgrass injury levels were similar between annual and perennial ryegrass in year 1, whereas loss of green cover and greater turfgrass injury were noted in annual ryegrass during the spring of year 2. Residual benefits of fall colorant applications extended into February of year 1, but dissipated by late December of year 2, likely due to higher rainfall and warmer temperatures, which prevented full bermudagrass shoot dormancy. Overseeding reduced bermudagrass spring transition by up to 50% compared with untreated and colorant-treated plots. Fall colorant treatments did not accelerate bermudagrass transition compared with untreated plots. Results of the study demonstrate that environmental differences from season to season can impact the relative benefits derived from colorant applications, as well as the performance of annual and perennial ryegrass.

Effects of Pronamide on Spring Transition of a Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) Green Overseeded With Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne)

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 322-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Billy J. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Optimum Time ◽  
Spring Transition

Pronamide was applied to a ‘Tifway’ bermudagrass golf green overseeded with perennial ryegrass during 1988 and 1989 to determine how herbicide rate and date affected ryegrass injury on transition back to a bermudagrass monostand. In most instances, perennial ryegrass was injured less when pronamide was applied at 0.28 or 0.56 kg ai/ha March 30 or April 13 than when application was delayed until April 28 or May 14. Perennial ryegrass injury lasted longer when 0.28 kg/ha was applied twice (March and/or April) than when applied singly at 0.28 kg/ha March 30 or April 13. The optimum time and rate of pronamide for effective transition was April 13 and 0.56 kg/ha, respectively.

scholarly journals Impact of Overseeding Bermudagrass with Various Amounts of Perennial Ryegrass for Winter Putting Turf

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 864-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.R. Mazur ◽  
J.S. Rice
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Smooth Transition ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Golf Greens ◽  
Turf Quality ◽  
Spring Transition

Research was conducted to determine the influence of the rate of seeding perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) over bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers × C. transvaalensis Burtt-Davy] on both the establishment of the ryegrass and the quality of bermudagrass golf greens. Increasing seeding rate from 90 to 180 g·m–2 resulted in more rapid establishment and a linear increase in turf quality. Turf density, as measured by leaf number, displayed linear and quadratic responses to seeding rates, with higher rates producing the greatest leaf numbers. Leaf width declined linearly with seeding rate, suggesting higher putting quality, as did tillers per plant. Spring transition to bermudagrass was slowed at high (150–180 g·m–2) seeding rates, with significantly more ryegrass present in late May. Emergence and growth of bermudagrass were suppressed longer at the higher overseeding rates. We conclude that the choice of seeding rate for ryegrass is a compromise between rapid development of, and maintenance of, quality turf vs. early smooth transition to bermudagrass in the spring.

scholarly journals Turf and Ornamental Plant Tolerances to Endothall in Irrigation Water II. Turf Species

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 324-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler J. Koschnick ◽  
William T. Haller ◽  
Alison M. Fox
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Aquatic Weed ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Dipotassium Salt ◽  
Eremochloa Ophiuroides ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Two formulations of the contact herbicide endothall are used to control submersed aquatic weeds. Waters treated with the amine or dipotassium salt formulations have irrigation restrictions varying from 7 to 25 days depending on the concentration of endothall applied. These water-use restrictions may be reduced for turfgrass if studies conclude there is no phytotoxicity to turf species irrigated with concentrations of endothall that may exist after an aquatic application. Two separate experiments were conducted to determine turfgrass tolerance to endothall in irrigation water on five species of grass: annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), annual bluegrass (Poa annua), centipedegrass (Eremochloa ophiuroides), `Floratam' st. augustinegrass (Stenotaphrum secundatum), and `Tifton 419' bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon). Expt. 1 used constant concentrations of endothall; Expt. 2 used decreasing concentrations of endothall over time. Annual turf species (bluegrass and ryegrass) were generally more susceptible than perennial turfgrasses. Concentrations resulting in a 10% reduction in total dry weight harvested compared to control plants [effective concentration (EC10)] for the amine and dipotassium salt formulations were 10 and 14 mg·L–1 (ppm) a.i. on annual ryegrass, 10 and 16 mg·L–1 a.i. on annual bluegrass, 50 and 54 mg·L–1 a.i. on centipedegrass, 47 and 72 mg·L–1 a.i. for st. augustinegrass, and for bermudagrass 1301 and 908 mg·L–1 a.i. in Expt. 1. Expt. 2 resulted in EC10 values of 31 and 35 mg·L–1 a.i. on annual ryegrass, 7 and 12 mg·L–1 a.i. on annual bluegrass, 32 and 99 mg·L–1 a.i. on centipedegrass, 27 and 20 mg·L–1 a.i. on st. augustinegrass for the amine and dipotassium formulations of endothall respectively, and 958 mg·L–1 a.i. for the dipotassium formulation on bermudagrass. There was no effect on bermudagrass dry weights when exposed to the amine formulation of endothall in Expt. 2 at concentrations up to 1600 mg·L–1 a.i. There is a low risk of inhibiting growth of turf species at endothall concentrations used for aquatic weed control considering the maximum use concentrations, typical uses of the products, and decomposition rates.

scholarly journals Performance and Transition Date of a Turf-type Annual Ryegrass in Comparison to Perennial Ryegrass and Fine Fescues

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 304-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.R. Nelson ◽  
J. Crowder ◽  
H.B. Pemberton
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Turf Quality ◽  
Chilling Temperatures ◽  
Fine Fescue ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Common Bermudagrass

Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) has traditionally been used to overseed warm-season grasses in the southern U.S. when warm-season sods are dormant due to chilling temperatures. In this study we investigated overseeding turf-type annual ryegrass (two cultivars of L. multiflorum and one cultivar of L. rigidum) and chewing fescue (Festuca rubra var. commutata) as well as perennial ryegrass onto a warm-season common bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) sod. The objective was to compare turf quality, turf color, and transition date of turf-type annuals with perennials and other cool-season grasses. Results for turf quality indicated that the annual ryegrass cultivars `Axcella' and `Panterra' (L. multiflorum) compared very well with perennials through March; however, in April and May, perennials were superior for quality. `Hardtop' fine fescue is a hard fescue (F. ovina var. duriuscula). It was inferior to the annuals for turf quality from December to April when the annuals began to die. For turf color, annuals had a lower rating compared to dark green perennials such as `Premier II', `Derby Supreme', or `Allstar'. `Panterra' was darker compared to `Axcella' in March and April. Chewing fescue was intermediate in color compared to annuals and perennials. For turf height, `Axcella' was taller than `Panterra', which were both taller than the perennials, and the fine fescues were shorter than the perennials. For transition in the spring, the annuals had a shorter transition and died about 1 month earlier than the perennials. `Transtar' (L. rigidum) had an earlier transition than the other annuals. The perennials tended to have a longer transition period. The fescues had a very long transition period and were similar to the perennials.

scholarly journals Production of haploids and double haploids in annual (Lolium multiflorum) and perennial (L. perenne) ryegrasses

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 45-48
Author(s):  
Syed Wajid Hussain ◽  
Kim Richardson ◽  
Marty Faville ◽  
Derek Woodfield
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Sequence Repeat ◽  
Homozygous Condition ◽  
Green Plants ◽  
Double Haploids ◽  
Haploid Pollen ◽  
Simple Sequence

Anthers from 32 genotypes from one line of annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) and 229 genotypes from 15 cultivars of perennial ryegrass (L. perenne) were tested for the production of haploids and double haploids. Six (23%) annual and 71 (31%) perennial ryegrass genotypes produced calli ranging from 1.3-16% and 0.8- 12.2% respectively. However none of the annual ryegrass genotypes produced green plants and only one genotype (Option WH-1) of perennial ryegrass produced 16 (1.8%) green plants. The remaining produced only albino regenerates. Twelve of the 16 green plants were evaluated cytologically for chromosome numbers. Four were haploids thus confirming their origin from haploid pollen. The remaining eight were all diploids. One haploid and one diploid were tested for their homozygous condition using seven simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and were found to be homozygous at all seven loci. In order to increase the recovery of green regenerates, we have used the responsive genotype Option WH-1 in crosses with three other perennial ryegrass genotypes and the progenies are currently been grown for anther culture

Control of Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua) in Overseeded Bermudagrass (Cynodonspp.) Golf Greens

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 642-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ray Dickens
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Poa Annua ◽  
Golf Greens ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Selective Control ◽  
Spring Transition

Ethofumesate, [(+)-2-ethoxy-2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-5-benzofuranyl methanesulfonate] applied preemergence provided selective control of annual bluegrass (Poa annuaL.) in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenneL.) overseeded on dormant bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon(L.) Pers. XC. transvaalensisBurtt Davy ‘Tifdwarf’] golf greens. Control in excess of 95% was obtained with single applications at the 2.2 kg/ha rate in 2 of 3 yr, but multiple applications were required when ethofumesate was applied at 1.1 kg/ha or less. Ethofumesate caused temporary cessation of bermudagrass growth when applied in the fall. February applications slowed the spring transition to bermudagrass.

scholarly journals Supplementation of Growing Beef Heifers With Starch or Highly Digestible Fiber Supplements

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Guillermo Scaglia
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Grazing Behavior ◽  
Soybean Hull ◽  
Bite Rate ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Ground Corn

Producers are interested in cost-effective forage-based heifer development programs with supplemental feeding, if needed, of a single supplement (reducing the cost of mixed rations) so that it would meet their nutrient requirements. For three consecutive years, the effect of two levels of ground corn (GC) and soybean hulls pellets (SB), were evaluated on performance and grazing behavior of 90 replacement beef crossbred heifers (BW = 235±17 kg; average of 10.8 months of age) grazing annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum; cv. ‘Nelson’) at low stocking rate. Treatments were: 1) no supplementation (CON); 2) 0.5% BW of ground corn (GC05); 3) 0.5% BW of soybean hull pellets (SB05); 4) 1% BW of ground corn (GC1); and 5) 1% BW of soybean hull pellets (SB1). Lower levels of supplements (0.5% BW) allowed for greater (P < 0.05) ADG (1.26 and 1.21 kg for GC05 and SB05, respectively), production per hectare and lower age and BW at puberty. Ground corn or SB at 1% BW negatively affected (P < 0.05) growth (0.88 and 0.95 kg, respectively), reproductive performance, number of steps, and grazing time (329 and 354 minutes, respectively) of heifers. Patch grazing time and bite rate were affected (P < 0.05) by grazing period due to changes in nutritive value of annual ryegrass and search for newly grown green leaves. Beef replacement heifers stocked at a low stocking rate with no supplementation may have a better development when compared to 1% BW supplementation using GC or SB and similar to a 0.5% BW supplementation level.

Oxadiazon Treatments on Overseeded Putting-Green Turf

Weed Science ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Severely Injured ◽  
Single Treatment ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Eleusine Indica ◽  
Turf Quality ◽  
Putting Green ◽  
Cool Season Grass

Oxadiazon [2-tert-butyl-4(2,4-dichloro-5-isopropoxyphenyl)-Δ2-1,3,4-oxadiazolin-5-one] at 2.2 to 4.4 kg/ha controlled goosegrass [Eleusine indica(L.) Gaertn.] without injuring bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon(L.) Pers.], but severely injured overseeded common ryegrass (Lolium multiflorumLam. common) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenneL. ‘Medalist VI′) for a 5 – to 6-week period after treatment in the spring and thus reduced turf quality. The transition was poor because ryegrass was killed faster than bermudagrass could initiate new spring growth. The combination of bensulide [O, O-diisopropyl phosphorodithioateS-ester withN-(2-mercaptoethyl)benzenesulfonamide] and oxadiazon applied as a single treatment at 6.7 + 1.7 kg/ha controlled goosegrass as effectively as did oxadiazon applied alone at 2.2 kg/ha or higher rates and did not injure the turf, so the transition from cool-season grass to bermudagrass was uniform. Aeration of an overseeded bermudagrass turf after applications of oxadiazon did not significantly decrease goosegrass control.

Influence of Diclofop and Dithiopyr on Spring Transition of a Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) Green Overseeeded with Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne)

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Jack Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Severely Injured ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Optimum Time ◽  
Warm Season Grass ◽  
Spring Transition ◽  
Application Date

Diclofop and dithiopyr were applied in April and early May during 1992 and 1993, to a ‘Tifway’ bermudagrass golf green overseeded with perennial ryegrass, to determine the effects of rates and dates on perennial ryegrass injury and on transition from a mixed cool- and warm-season grass to bermudagrass turf. Diclofop applied as a single application at 0.6 kg/ha or two applications at 0.3 kg/ha during April and/or early May gradually reduced perennial ryegrass during June and July when compared with untreated turf. During this period, both grasses treated with diclofop maintained 94% or greater cover. However, perennial ryegrass was moderately to severely injured from the treatments. Maximum injury from the 0.6 kg/ha rate ranged from 40 to 55% during 1992 and 29 to 33% during 1993. The injury was pronounced over a period of one to three weeks. Maximum injury from 0.3 kg/ha applied on April 3 and repeated at the same rate on April 17 was 28% in 1992 and 37% in 1993. Perennial ryegrass injury from split applications was lower than from the single 0.6 kg/ha rate in 1992. The optimum time and rate for effective spring transition with least amount of perennial ryegrass injury was 0.3 kg/ha applied on April 5 and repeated at the same rate on April 17. Dithiopyr did not affect the spring transition of overseeded perennial ryegrass to bermudagrass, regardless of rate and application date.

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