scholarly journals Weed Pressure, Yield, and Adhesion of Soil-biodegradable Mulches with Pie Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo)

HortScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 1014-1021
Author(s):  
Huan Zhang ◽  
Lisa Wasko DeVetter ◽  
Edward Scheenstra ◽  
Carol Miles
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Soil Exposure ◽  
Clear Plastic ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
On Farm ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fruit Surface ◽  
Soil Temperature And Moisture

A soil-biodegradable mulch (BDM) is designed to be tilled into the soil at the end of the growing season, and is a successful alternative to polyethylene (PE) mulch if it suppresses weeds and improves soil temperature and moisture, crop yield, and fruit quality. This study compared one clear plastic BDM (COX), two black plastic BDMs (BOX and BFO), and two paper BDMs (WGP and AMX) to clear and black plastic PE mulch (CPE and BPE, respectively) for weed control, yield, and mulch adhesion of ‘Cinnamon Girl’ pie pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) in a Mediterranean climate where increased soil temperature from mulch is desirable. BDMs in this study are advertised as soil-biodegradable, and we tested functionality but not biodegradability. Mulch deterioration during the growing season was measured as percent soil exposure (PSE), and remained low at the end of the growing season for all BDM and PE treatments both years (5% on average) except COX (68%). Weed number and biomass were low early, mid, and late season for all treatments except COX in 2018 and COX and CPE in 2019. Soil temperature with PE mulches (20.7 °C on average) was similar or slightly higher than with plastic BDMs (19.8 °C on average), which was higher than with paper BDMs (18.9 °C on average). Total fruit number and yield were similar for PE mulches (19.3 and 24.5 kg, respectively) and black plastic BDMs (17.3 and 21.2 kg, respectively), which were higher than COX and paper BDMs (15.7 and 19.8 kg, respectively). Mulch adhesion occurred on fruit in all BDM treatments, with more mulch adhesion in BFO in 2018 and WGP in 2019 than in other BDM treatments each year. The number of wipes is a proxy for the impact on harvest labor and can influence overall on-farm profitability. The number of wipes to remove adhered mulch (1.2 wipes on average) was similar for fruit harvested at four times of day (0800, 1000, 1200, and 1400 hr), but more wipes were needed to remove adhered mulch when fruit were stored up to 4 hours postharvest (5.4 wipes). Number of wipes to remove adhered mulch was negatively correlated to the amount of moisture on the fruit surface (R2 = 0.31). Overall, these findings demonstrate that all black plastic and paper BDMs remained intact throughout the growing season and controlled weeds as well as black PE mulch, while clear BDM had higher weed pressure because it degraded during the growing season. Pumpkin yield was similar for black plastic BDMs and PE mulches and lower for clear and paper BDMs. However, all BDMs in this study adhered to the fruit surface and their removal became more difficult as the fruit surface dried.

ROOT-SURFACE MYCOFLORA OF SOYBEAN IN RELATION TO SOIL TEMPERATURE AND MOISTURE IN A FIELD ENVIRONMENT

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. IVARSON ◽  
A. R. MACK
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Field Environment ◽  
Abundant Genus ◽  
Field Plots ◽  
Soil Temperature And Moisture

Studies were made on the root-surface fungi of soybean grown in field plots where various soil temperature and moisture environments had been maintained for five previous growing seasons. Washed-root segments were incubated on agar plates at temperatures corresponding to those of the field plots. Fusarium was the most abundant genus appearing on the plates. Species of Mucor, Trichoderma, Alternaria, Mortierella, Aspergillus, Corynespora, Rhizoctonia, Penicillium, Gliocladium, and sterile forms appeared fairly frequently. Statistical analysis of the data revealed that changes in soil and incubation temperature markedly affected the relative frequency of 12 genera, and age of plant significantly affected nine genera. Soil moisture influenced the frequency of only one genus. High soil and incubation temperature (28 C) encouraged greater root populations of Rhizoctonia early in the season, Trichoderma and Aspergillus throughout the growing season, and Fusarium late in the season. Low soil temperature conditions (12 C) favored growth of Pythium, Mortierella, Mucor, Alternaria, Cladosporium, throughout the growing season, and Corynespora and Cylindrocarpon, primarily during mid-season. Late in the season Gliocladium preferred the intermediate temperature of 20 C.

Influence of pesticides, soil temperature and moisture on entomopathogenic nematodes from southern Benin and control of underground termite nest populations

Nematology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 1057-1069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugues Baimey ◽  
Lionel Zadji ◽  
Leonard Afouda ◽  
Maurice Moens ◽  
Wilfrida Decraemer
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Macrotermes Bellicosus ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Termite Nest ◽  
Southern Benin ◽  
Soil Temperature And Moisture

The influence of three pesticides on the viability and infectivity of four Beninese isolates of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN), Heterorhabditis indica Ayogbe1, H. sonorensis Azohoue2, H. sonorensis Ze3, and Steinernema sp. Bembereke, was determined. The impact of both soil temperature and soil moisture on the virulence of these EPN to Trinervitermes occidentalis was investigated in laboratory assays. The effect of EPN-infected Galleria mellonella larvae on underground populations of Macrotermes bellicosus was also examined. All tested Heterorhabditis species were more tolerant to glyphosate and fipronil than the Steinernema species. Heterorhabditis sonorensis Azohoue2, showed the best results with 63.2% termite mortality at a soil temperature of 35°C. The increase of soil moisture to 20% (w/w) did not negatively influence the virulence of tested EPN. The underground populations of 71% or 60% treated nests were controlled by H. sonorensis Azohoue2- or H. indica Ayogbe1-infected G. mellonella larvae, respectively.

Effect of using black plastic film as mulch on soil temperature and moisture and potato yield

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
王红丽 WANG Hongli ◽  
张绪成 ZHANG Xucheng ◽  
于显枫 YU Xianfen ◽  
马一凡 MA Yifan ◽  
侯慧芝 HOU Huizhi
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Potato Yield ◽  
Plastic Film ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
Soil Temperature And Moisture

scholarly journals 534 PB 014 QUANTIFICATION OF THE SPECTRAL PROPERTIES OF POLYETHYLENE MULCHES WHICH INFLUENCE SOIL TEMPERATURE AND BELL PEPPER PRODUCTION

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 508a-508
Author(s):  
Heather Hatt Graham ◽  
Margaret J. McMahon ◽  
Dennis R. Decoteau ◽  
Dale E. Linvill
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Spectral Properties ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Reflection And Transmission ◽  
Early Afternoon ◽  
Clear Plastic ◽  
Black Plastic

Commercially available polyethylene mulches were evaluated for their influence on spectral properties (absorption, reflection, and transmission) and soil temperature during the growing season. Vegetative growth and yield of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum cv. Keystone Resistant Giant No. 3) plants were evaluated for each mulch. Black plastic had the greatest absorption (95%) of photosynthetic photon flux (PPF; 400-700 nm). White plastic had the greatest reflection (6575%) of PPF and blue (400-500 nm) light. The Alor selective mulch had the greatest reflective far-red/red ratio (730-740/640-650 nm) of light. Clear plastic had the greatest transmission (90%) of PPF and blue light. Soil temperature was coolest under the white mulch (32 C) and warmest under the clear mulch (52 C) when measured at maximum soil temperature in the early afternoon (1400 to 1800 hrs). Vegetative growth and yield were greatest for plants grown on the white mulch treatment and lowest for plants grown on the clear mulch treatment.

scholarly journals The Effects of Plastic Mulch Systems on Soil Temperature and Moisture in Central Ontario

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayla Snyder ◽  
Amanda Grant ◽  
Christopher Murray ◽  
Bryon Wolff
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Black Films ◽  
Mulch Films ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Canada Data ◽  
Soil Temperature And Moisture

The impact of polyolefin-based agricultural mulch films (including clear, black, and white-on-black films) on soil temperature and moisture content was studied, using a bare plot as a control, over a 4-month period in central Ontario, Canada. Data indicate a negative correlation between the change in soil temperature under the films relative to bare soil and the absolute value of bare soil temperature. Additionally, a negative correlation between the effect of films on soil moisture and the moisture level of bare soil was indicated. All mulch films demonstrated qualitatively similar ability to insulate the soil from extremes in both temperature and moisture, suggesting a potentially reduced need for irrigation and protecting against early frost, high temperatures, overwatering, and drought.

scholarly journals The Short-Term Impact of Different Silvicultural Thinnings on Soil Nematode and Microarthropod Biodiversity in Artificial Black Pine Stands

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1212
Author(s):  
Silvia Landi ◽  
Giada d’Errico ◽  
Francesco Binazzi ◽  
Umberto Di Salvatore ◽  
Lorenzo Gardin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Nematode Community ◽  
Soil Nematode ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Experiment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Soil Indicators ◽  
Soil Temperature And Moisture

Soil invertebrates represent almost a quarter of the total diversity of living organisms and their activity affects the entire soil ecological process. The choice of adequate thinning systems may differently affect soil nematode and microarthropod biodiversity in artificial black pinewoods. In this work, the results of the impact of different thinnings on the structure of nematode and microarthropod communities was reported. In a short-term experiment, thinning from below and selective thinning were compared to unmanaged stands to provide indications at the regional scale in central Italy. Soil nematode and microarthropod biodiversity was explored by examining community structure, assessing biodiversity. The interaction between environmental variables (crown volume, Photosynthetically Active Radiation, soil texture, soil temperature, and moisture) with taxa abundance of nematodes and microarthropods were also reported. The results indicated that the effects of thinning practices were temporary and varied between years. Soil nematode community shifted during the first and third years of thinning managements only in the Pratomagno site, while soil microarthropod community shifted in both sites only in the second year. The total nematode abundance was minimally affected by thinning practices, while the nematode community composition showed a decrease of omnivores and predators in the first years. Soil indicators showed inconsistent results. In microarthropods, mites and collembola were the least affected by thinning in terms of abundance and species biodiversity, while eu-edaphic taxa of Chilopoda, Diplopoda, and Pauropoda were not influenced by thinning, hemi-edaphic and epi-edaphic taxa of Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, Tysanoptera, and Hemiptera were negatively affected. Soil indicators such as Shannon-Weiner and Simpson indices and soil biological quality (QBS-ar) improved in thinning from below in both sites. Soil temperature and moisture were the main driving factors in affecting soil nematode and microarthropods communities. Thinning from below probably allowed a more rapid recovery than selective thinning.

scholarly journals Analisis Profil Suhu dan Kadar Air Tanah Pada Budidaya Cabai Rawit (C. frutescens L) Menggunakan Beberapa Macam Mulsa

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Ni Made Dea Kanikayani ◽  
Sumiyati . ◽  
Ida Ayu Bintang Madrini
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Distribution Profile ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Clear Plastic ◽  
Black Plastic

Abstrak Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu memperoleh profil suhu dan kadar air tanah pada budidaya tanaman cabai rawit menggunakan beberapa macam mulsa. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok, masing-masing terdiri dari lima perlakuan dan tiga ulangan yaitu perlakuan tanpa mulsa, perlakuan mulsa plastik perak, plastik hitam, plastik bening dan perlakuan mulsa jerami padi. Untuk pengukuran suhu tanah menggunakan alat sensor suhu DS18B20 sedangkan untuk kadar air tanah menggunakan metode gravimetri. Pengukuran suhu dan kadar air tanah dilakukan 3 kali yaitu pada 3 hari, 30 hari dan 60 hari setelah tanam. Analisis data suhu dan kadar suhu dan kadar air tanah dalam mulsa menggunakan metode garis kontur. Hasil penelitian suhu tanah menunjukan kontur profil pada saat 3 hari profil sebaran tanpa mulsa 29-33?C, mulsa plastik perak 28-32?C, mulsa plastik hitam 29-34?C, mulsa plastik bening 31-37?C dan mulsa jerami 26-31?C. Pada saat 30 hari profil sebaran tanpa mulsa 26-33?C, mulsa plastik perak 26-31?C, mulsa plastik hitam 27-33?C, mulsa plastik bening 28-32?C dan mulsa jerami 25-30?C dan pada saat 60 hari profil sebaran tanpa mulsa 26-31?C, mulsa plastik perak 25-30?C, mulsa plastik hitam 27-32?C, mulsa plastik bening 31-37?C dan mulsa jerami 26-29?C, sedangkan dari hasil pengukuran suhu tanah yang didapatkan berhubungan dengan hasil kadar air tanahnya. Kata kunci: Mulsa, profil, suhu tanah, kadar air tanah   Abstract The purpose of this research was to water content and soil temperature profile content on mulch for cultivation of cayenne pepper plants with different types of mulch. This research use random design group, every each concist of five treatment and three repetation. Which is a treatment without mulch treatment, silver plastic mulch treatment, black plastic mulch treatment, clear plastic mulch treatment , and rice straw mulch treatment. The variable observed of soil temperature using a temperature sensor DS18B20 while for soil water content using the gravimetric method. Measurement of temperature and soil water content was carried out 3 times, namely at the 3 days, 30 days , and 60 days after planting . The result of the temperature and soil water content is made a profile of the temperature and soil water content in the mulch using the contour line method. The results of the soil temperature research show the profile contour when the at 3 days, without mulch distribution profile is 29-330C, silver plastic mulch 28-320C, black plastic mulch 29-340C, clear plastic mulch 28-320C and rice straw mulch 25-300C. At 30 days, without mulch distribution profile is 26-330C, silver plastic mulch 26-310C, black plastic mulch 27-330C, clear plastic mulch 28-320C and rice straw mulch 25-300C. At  60 days, without mulch distribution profile is 26-310C, silver plastic mulch 25-300C, black plastic mulch 27-320C, clear plastic mulch 31-370C and rice straw mulch 26-290C. The results of measurements of the soil temperature obtained in relation to the results of the soil water content. Keywords: Mulch, Profile, Soil Temperature, Soil Water Content  

STUDIES OF TOMATO RESPONSE TO MULCHING ON RIDGED AND FLAT ROWS

1961 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. W. Chipman
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Ripe Fruit ◽  
Green Fruit ◽  
Total Crop ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
Soil Temperature And Moisture ◽  
Tomato Culture

Black plastic and sawdust mulches were applied to ridged and flat rows in a 2-year (1956–1957) study of their effect on tomato culture. Records were taken of soil temperature and moisture levels, ripe fruit to August 31, and total crop (ripe and green fruit).The highest early yield was obtained from the unmulched and sawdust plots but the heaviest total yield came from the black plastic plots. Highest soil temperature and lowest moisture readings were recorded under the black plastic, and lowest so 1 temperature and highest moisture under the sawdust.The earliest ripe fruits came from the flat rows, but the total crop was significantly higher on the ridge rows. There was no significant interaction for mulches and row type.

scholarly journals Effect of soil temperature and moisture on the pathogenicity of two species of entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae)

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Štěpánka Radová ◽  
Zuzana Trnková
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor ◽  
Steinernema Carpocapsae ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Insect Mortality ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Soil Temperature And Moisture

Effect of soil temperature and moisture on the pathogenicity of two species of entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae)This study investigated the impact of soil temperature and soil moisture on the virulence of the entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema carpocapsae and S. feltiae. The effects of temperatures of 10, 15 and 25 °C and humidity of 6% and 12.5% were tested against the larvae of Tenebrio molitor. The nematodes were tested in two concentrations of 50 nematodes and 500 nematodes per box. S. carpocapsae was generally significantly more efficient at the highest temperature (25 °C) than S. feltiae, especially at the lower concentration of 50 nematodes per box. S. feltiae recorded higher insect mortality at lower temperatures (15 °C and 10 °C). The virulence of both tested nematode species was low (0-26%) at 10 °C after 7 days, but in the case of S. feltiae increased to 66% after 14 days. The efficacy when tested with 6% moisture at 15 °C was low (4% for both nematode species) compared with 12.5% moisture, where after seven days it reached 54% for S. carpocapsae and 70% for S. feltiae, although generally, S. feltiae was more efficient under dry conditions than S. carpocapsae. Insect mortality inreased significantly after remoistening of the soil, especially with S. feltiae (500 nematodes per box) where mortality reached 46% two weeks after remoistening.

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