Magnolia wufengensis ‘Jiaolian’: A New Magnolia Cultivar with Lotus-shaped Flowers

The effects of varieties, concentrations, and number of applications of plant growth retardants (PGRs) on the morphological, physiological, and endogenous hormones of Magnolia wufengensis L.Y. Ma et L. R. Wang were assessed to obtain the most suitable dwarfing protocol for M. wufengensis and to provide theoretical support and technical guidance for the cultivation and promotion of this species. One-year-old M. wufengensis ‘Jiaohong No. 2’ grafted seedlings served as the experimental materials. In the first part of the experiment, three PGRs (uniconazole, paclobutrazol, prohexadione calcium), three concentrations (500, 1000, 1500 ppm), and three applications (one, three, and five applications) were applied in dwarfing experiments to perform L9 (34) orthogonal tests. In the second part of the study, dwarfing experiments were supplemented with different high uniconazole concentrations (0, 1500, 2000, 2500 ppm). Spraying 1500 ppm uniconazole five times achieved the best M. wufengensis dwarfing effect, related indicators of M. wufengensis under this treatment were better than other treatment combinations. Here, M. wufengensis plant height, internode length, scion diameter, and node number were significantly reduced by 56.9%, 62.6%, 72.8%, and 74.4%, respectively, compared with the control group. This treatment increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity by 66.0%, peroxidase (POD) activity by 85.0%, soluble protein contents by 43.3%, and soluble sugar contents by 27.6%, and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) contents by 32.1% in leaves of M. wufengensis compared with the control. The stress resistance of M. wufengensis was enhanced. The treatment also reduced gibberellin (GA3) levels by 73.0%, auxin (IAA) by 58.0%, and zeatin (ZT) by 70.6%, and increased (abscisic acid) ABA by 98.1% in the leaves of M. wufengensis. The uniconazole supplementation experiment also showed that 1500 ppm was the optimal uniconazole concentration. The leaves exhibited abnormalities such as crinkling or adhesion when 2000 or 2500 ppm was applied. Given the importance of morphological indicators and dwarfing for the ornamental value of M. wufengensis, the optimal dwarfing treatment for M. wufengensis was spraying 1500 ppm uniconazole five times.

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Effects of Fertilization Ratios and Frequencies on the Growth and Nutrient Uptake of Magnolia wufengensis (Magnoliaceae)

Forests ◽

10.3390/f10010065 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 65

Author(s):

Shixin Deng ◽

Kankan Shi ◽

Jiang Ma ◽

Lili Zhang ◽

Luyi Ma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Uptake ◽

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Vegetative Growth ◽

Plant Biomass ◽

Orthogonal Design ◽

Growth Index ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Leaf Biomass ◽

Transport Efficiency ◽

Magnolia Wufengensis

Through this study, the most suitable fertilization ratio, amount and frequency were determined, providing a scientific reference for further fertilization management for Magnolia wufengensis (Magnoliaceae) seedlings. Fertilization is an important cultivation and management measure to maintain forest seedling health and rapid growth. However, improper fertilization can also have unexpected effects: inhibiting seedling growth, increasing the cost of production and contaminating the environment. Thus, to explore the most suitable fertilization treatment for Magnolia wufengensis growth, one-year-old Magnolia wufengensis seedlings and the orthogonal design method were used in this study. Three different fertilization frequencies were used combined with 9 NPK ratios. The growth index, chlorophyll content, nutrient content in tissues, nutrient transport efficiency, nutrient uptake, and soil properties were analyzed. Fertilization can increase chlorophyll content, promoting the vegetative growth and biomass accumulation of Magnolia wufengensis. Fertilization reduced the proportion of root biomass to whole plant biomass, resulting in an increase in stem biomass with little effect on leaf biomass. Additionally, fertilization also increased the proportion of N in roots, P in stems and K in leaves. Under fertilization, the K transport efficiency was higher than that of N and P. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between the nutrient use efficiencies of N and K. Overall, the effects of six fertilizer applications were much better than those of four and eight fertilizer applications on the promotion of vegetative growth, biomass and nutrient accumulation, nutrient uptake and transport efficiency. The results showed that six fertilizer applications with an NPK ratio of 3:2:1 as follows: N application at 480 mg/plant, P application at 320 mg/plant, and K application at 160 mg/plant was the most suitable fertilization method for plant growth.

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Isolation and Functional Analysis of PISTILLATA Homolog From Magnolia wufengensis

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2018.01743 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Wen Liu ◽

Xiangling Shen ◽

Hongwei Liang ◽

Yubing Wang ◽

Zhengquan He ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Functional Analysis ◽

Magnolia Wufengensis

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MawuAP1 promotes flowering and fruit development in the basal angiosperm Magnolia wufengensis (Magnoliaceae)

Tree Physiology ◽

10.1093/treephys/tpaa057 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 40 (9) ◽

pp. 1247-1259

Author(s):

Cunjie Li ◽

Liyuan Chen ◽

Xiaoning Fan ◽

Wenjuan Qi ◽

Jiang Ma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fruit Development ◽

Pattern Analysis ◽

Early Stage ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Ectopic Expression ◽

Floral Meristem ◽

Basal Angiosperm ◽

Basal Angiosperms ◽

Floral Organs ◽

Magnolia Wufengensis

Abstract The APETALA1/SQUAMOSA (AP1/SQUA)-like genes of flowering plants play crucial roles in the development processes of floral meristems, sepals, petals and fruits. Although many of the AP1/SQUA-like genes have been characterized in angiosperms, few have been identified in basal angiosperm taxa. Therefore, the functional evolution of the AP1/SQUA subfamily is still unclear. We characterized an AP1 homolog, MawuAP1, from Magnolia wufengensis that is an ornamental woody plant belonging to the basal angiosperms. Gene sequence and phylogenetic analyses suggested that MawuAP1 was clustered with the FUL-like homologous genes of basal angiosperms and had FUL motif and paleoAP1 motif domain, but it did not have the euAP1 motif domain of core eudicots. Expression pattern analysis showed that MawuAP1 was highly expressed in vegetative and floral organs, particularly in the early stage of flower bud development and pre-anthesis. Protein–protein interaction pattern analysis revealed that MawuAP1 has interaction with an A-class gene (MawuAP1), C-class gene (MawuAG-1) and E-class gene (MawuAGL9) of the MADS-box family genes. Ectopic expression in Arabidopsis thaliana indicated that MawuAP1 could significantly promote flowering and fruit development, but it could not restore the sepal and petal formation of ap1 mutants. These results demonstrated that there are functional differences in the specification of sepal and petal floral organs and development of fruits among the AP1/SQUA-like genes, and functional conservation in the regulation of floral meristem. These findings provide strong evidence for the important functions of MawuAP1 in floral meristem determination, promoting flowering and fruit development, and further highlight the importance of AP1/SQUA subfamily in biological evolution and diversity.

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