Maturity and Storage Quality of `Honeycrisp' Apples

`Honeycrisp' apples (Malus × domestica) were harvested over 3-week periods in 2001 and 2002. Maturity and quality indices were determined at harvest. Fruit quality was evaluated after air storage [0.0 to 2.2 °C (32 to 36 °F), 95% relative humidity] for 10-13 weeks and 15-18 weeks for the 2001 and 2002 harvests, respectively. Internal ethylene concentrations (IEC), starch indices (1-8 scale), firmness and soluble solids content (SSC) did not show consistent patterns of change over time. Starch hydrolysis was advanced on all harvest dates, but it is suggested that a starch index of 7 is a useful guide for timing harvest of fruit in western New York. After storage, firmness closely followed that observed immediately after harvest, and softening during storage was slow. No change in SSC was observed during storage in either year. Incidence of bitter pit and soft scald was generally low and was not affected consistently by harvest date. The incidence of stem punctures averaged 18.5% over both years, but was not affected by harvest date. Development of stem end cracking in both years, and rot development in one year, increased with later harvest dates. A panel of storage operators, packers, growers, and fruit extension specialists evaluated the samples for appearance and eating quality after storage, and results suggested that a 2-week harvest window is optimal for `Honeycrisp' apples that are spot picked to select the most mature fruit at each harvest.

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143 COLOR AND QUALITY OF `DELICIOUS' APPLES BY DELAYED HARVEST DATE AND CONTROLLED-ATMOSPHERE STORAGE

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.29.5.449b ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 29 (5) ◽

pp. 449b-449

Author(s):

S.R. Drake ◽

Tom Eisele

Keyword(s):

Harvest Date ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Harvest Time ◽

Controlled Atmosphere Storage ◽

Harvest Dates ◽

Red Color ◽

Solids Content ◽

Atmosphere Storage

Red color of 2 strains (`Bisbee' and `Red Chief) of `Delicious' apples was increased (25%) by a 10 day delay beyond recommended harvest date. Color of `Oregon Spur' did not change during this 10 day period. Soluble solids content and size were also increased, but firmness decreased by 12%. In 2 of 3 years, firmness at harvest was 73 N or greater in all strains and these fruit lost little firmness during 9 months of CA. Poor firmness (<63 N) at harvest resulted in fruit with unacceptable firmness (53 N) after storage regardless of harvest time or strain. Loss in fruit quality was evident after a 5 day delay in atmosphere establishment with no further loss after a 10 day delay. `Oregon Spur' had the best color regardless of harvest, followed by `Bisbee' and `Red Chief. All strains (`Oregon Spur', `Bisbee' and `Red Chief) had good quality after long term CA. Sensory panelists could not distinguish flavor differences between strains, harvest dates or delay in storage establishment.

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Extended Harvest Date Alter Flavonoid Composition and Chromatic Characteristics of Plavac Mali (Vitis vinifera L.) Grape Berries

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods9091155 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 1155 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ana Mucalo ◽

Edi Maletić ◽

Goran Zdunić

Keyword(s):

Skin Color ◽

Harvest Date ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Vitis Vinifera L ◽

Grape Berries ◽

Harvest Dates ◽

Flavonoid Composition ◽

Solids Content

This study delivers a comprehensive flavonoid fingerprint profile, physiochemical and external color characterization of Plavac Mali grapes through four harvest dates at two distinct vineyards (Split and Zadar) in the Eastern Adriatic region. The experimental harvest lasted 56 days, at total soluble solids content from 18.4 to 22.4°Brix in Split and 16.8 to 20.4°Brix in Zadar. Patterns of 27 skin and seed flavonoid compounds at each location indicate unique flavonoid composition of berries at each harvest date. Extended harvest increased six compounds in skin with maximum values of main anthocyanin malvidin-3-O-glucoside in H3 (4406.6 and 6389.5 mg kg−1, Split and Zadar, respectively) followed by a decrease in October. Peak values of seed and skin catechins and galloylated flavan-3-ol subunits are seen in H1 and H2 at Split, while constantly high values are reported in the case of Zadar, with an incoherent pattern of those in skin extracts. Minimal values of epigallocatechin were detected with an extended harvest date at both locations. Berries of extended harvest dates underwent colorimetric improvements, trough decrease in L*, a*, b* and C characteristics and increase in skin color index for red grapes CIRG. The extended harvest date promotes flavonoid composition, and improves the quality of Plavac Mali grape berries.

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Influence of Harvest Date and Controlled Atmosphere Storage Delay on the Color and Quality of `Delicious' Apples Stored in a Purge-type Controlled-atmosphere Environment

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech.4.3.260 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 260-263 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

S.R. Drake ◽

T.A. Eisele

Keyword(s):

Harvest Date ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Controlled Atmosphere ◽

Harvest Dates ◽

Red Color ◽

Soft Fruit ◽

Growing Conditions ◽

Solids Content ◽

Atmosphere Environment ◽

Atmosphere Storage

Red color of two strains of `Delicious' apples was increased (25%) by a 10-day delay beyond recommended harvest date for long-term controlled atmosphere (CA) storage. Soluble solids content (SSC) and size also increased, but, depending on strain, up to 12% of firmness was lost at harvest with a 10-day delay. In 2 of 3 years, firmness values in all strains were 73 N or greater, and these fruit lost little firmness during 9 months of CA storage. Soft fruit (<63 N) at harvest resulted in unacceptable firmness after storage, regardless of harvest time or strain of `Delicious'. Immediate (<24 h) establishment of CA conditions resulted in good-quality fruit after storage. Quality loss was evident after a 5-day delay in atmosphere establishment, with no further loss after a 10-day delay. `Oregon Spur' apples had the best red color regardless of harvest. Sensory panel profiles were unable to distinguish among strains, harvest dates, or delays in time of atmosphere establishment. Caution should be exercised when initiating new harvest or storage procedures because growing conditions can vary from one location to another.

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Harvest Date Effects on Maturity, Quality, and Storage Disorders of `Honeycrisp' Apples

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.40.1.164 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

pp. 164-169 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Christopher B. Watkins ◽

Mustafa Erkan ◽

Jacqueline F. Nock ◽

Kevin A. Iungerman ◽

Randolph M. Beaudry ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Storage Temperature ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Harvest Date ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Harvest Dates ◽

Wide Range ◽

Soft Scald ◽

And Storage ◽

Storage Temperatures ◽

Storage Disorders

`Honeycrisp' is a new apple [Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill. var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.] cultivar that has been planted extensively in North America, but the storage disorders soggy breakdown and soft scald have resulted in major fruit losses. The effects of harvest date and storage temperature on fruit quality and susceptibility of fruit to these disorders have been investigated in Michigan, New York, and Maine. Internal ethylene concentrations were variable over a wide range of harvest dates, and a rapid increase in autocatalytic ethylene production was not always apparent. The starch pattern index, soluble solids content, titratable acidity and firmness also appear to have limited use as harvest indices. Development of soggy breakdown and soft scald is associated with later harvest dates and storage of fruit at temperatures of 0 to 0.5 °C compared with higher storage temperatures. It is recommended that `Honeycrisp' be stored at 3 °C, although storage disorders still can occur at this temperature if fruit are harvested late. In addition, greasiness development may be worse at higher storage temperatures.

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Effect of environment and harvest date on maturation and ripening of kiwifruit in British Columbia

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps92-108 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 72 (3) ◽

pp. 863-869 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

C. Kempler ◽

J. T. Kabaluk ◽

P. M. A. Toivonen

Keyword(s):

British Columbia ◽

Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽

Harvest Date ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Actinidia Deliciosa ◽

Fruit Firmness ◽

Soluble Solids Content ◽

Maturity Date ◽

Solids Content ◽

Harvest Maturity

Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa var. deliciosa ’Hayward’ (A. Chev.) C. F. Liang et A. R. Ferguson) were harvested periodically from 10 Oct. to 21 Dec, 1990 to monitor "on-the-vine" ripening in three environments (field; greenhouse, covered for the full season; greenhouse, covered until pollination and then uncovered). Fruits were also placed in 1 °C, 97% RH storage on 19 Oct., 22 Oct., 25 Oct., and 3 Nov. and sampled periodically to monitor their "in storage" ripening. Field-grown fruit remained firmer than greenhouse-grown fruit (both treatments) on the vine, and in storage for about 7 weeks following harvest. There was little difference in the harvest maturity date of fruits from the three growing environments. In storage, fruits showed no differences in soluble solids content (SSC), and tissue deterioration (as measured with firmness and chlorophyll fluorescence) due to growing environments. The peak SSC values attained by fruits harvested prior to reaching a SSC of 6.2% were significantly lower than for fruits harvested after the SSC had reached or surpassed 6.2%. Later-harvested fruits remained firmer in storage than those harvested earlier. Changes in the fruits’ SSC and firmness were similar whether on the vine or in storage; however, fluorescence decline was more rapid in storage.Key words: Actinidia deliciosa, soluble solids content, fruit firmness, post harvest, chloroplast, temperature

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INTERACTION OF HARVEST TIME AND STORAGE ON ATTRIBUTES OF EATING QUALITY IN ACORN SQUASH

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.41.3.496d ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 41 (3) ◽

pp. 496D-496 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J. Brent Loy

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Storage Period ◽

Maximum Size ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Eating Quality ◽

Physiological Factors ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Harvest Dates ◽

The Relationship

Premature harvest of acorn squash is a widespread problem because fruits reach maximum size and optimum color within 20 days after pollination (DAP), well before peak dry matter and sugar content occur. The present study was conducted to determine the relationship between harvest date and physiological factors affecting eating quality in Cucurbita pepo L. squash. In the summer of 2005, C. pepo squash cultivars were evaluated at three harvest dates, 25, 35, and 45 days after pollination (DAP), with or without a 10-day storage period at 21 °C. Four F1 hybrid cultivars carrying powdery mildew tolerance (PMT) were evaluated: a semi-bush, commercial acorn cultivar (`Tip Top'), a high quality experimental acorn, bush hybrid (NH1634), and two sweet dumpling-type, semi-bush hybrids (NH1635 and 1636). Data were collected on mesocarp DW, oBrix (soluble solids), and partitioning of biomass between mesocarp tissue and developing embryos during storage. Peak DWs of 20% to 21% occurred at 25 DAP in NH1634, 1635 and 1636, and at 35 DAP in Tip Top (19.5 %). At 25 DAP, Brix was low (means of 5.9 to 7.2) across all cultivars. With harvest at 25 DAP plus 10 days storage, oBrix was low in Tip Top (7.1), but was higher than 10 in NH1634 and NH1636. Brix reached near maximum (13 to 15) at 45 DAP in NH1634, 1635 and 1636, and at 55 DAP in Tip Top (12). Embryos were small (DW = 8 to 19 mg) at 25 DAP and grew fairly linearly to a maximum at 55 DAP. Mean embryo DW at 55 DAP was 87.5 mg for Tip Top, 76.9 mg for NH1636, 57.1 mg for NH1634, and 28.5 mg for NH1635. The proportion of total fruit biomass expressed as energy equivalents (kJoules) allocated to embryos in mature fruit (45 DAP + 10 days storage) was 11.8% in NH1635, 18.7% in NH1634, 27.4% in Tip Top, and 30.2% in NH1636. Reallocation of assimilates from mesocarp tissue to developing embryos was a major contributing factor, along with respiration, to a reduction in mesocarp dry matter during storage.

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(186) Fresh-cut Chunks of a New Orange-fleshed Melon Genotype: Analytical and Sensory Comparisons to Its Inbred Parents, and to Commercial Cantaloupe and Green-fleshed Honeydew Harvested in Winter

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.41.4.1018b ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 41 (4) ◽

pp. 1018B-1018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Robert Saftner ◽

Gene Lester ◽

Judith A. Abbott

Keyword(s):

Female Parent ◽

Beta Carotene ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Eating Quality ◽

Atmospheric Conditions ◽

Surface Color ◽

Fresh Cut ◽

Solids Content ◽

Better Than

A new hybrid orange-fleshed netted melon has been bred specifically for use by the fresh-cut industry in winter. Quality characteristics of fresh-cut chunks from the hybrid were compared to those of its parental lines and to commercial cantaloupe and honeydew fruits available in winter. Female parent and hybrid chunks had higher soluble solids content (SSC) and firmness, and lower aromatic volatile concentrations versus that of the male parent. Hybrid chunks also had higher SSC (>3%) and were firmer (>5 N) than commercial fruit, and showed no appreciable differences in aromatic volatile concentrations to commercial honeydew or in surface color to commercial cantaloupe. Consumers liked the flavor, texture, sweetness, and overall eating quality of the hybrid chunks better than those of its inbred parents and winter honeydew and as well as or better than that of winter cantaloupe. Hybrid fruit stored 5 weeks at 1 °C under modified atmospheric conditions, then fresh-cut and stored 14 d in air at 5 °C maintained good quality (firmness = 51 N, SSC = 12.2%, surface pH = 6.0, beta-carotene and ascorbic acid concentrations = 14 and 182 mg·kg-1, respectively), and showed no signs of tissue translucency or surface pitting despite microbial populations approaching 8 log cfu·g-1. The results indicate that the orange-fleshed hybrid melon is a promising new melon type for fresh-cut processing, especially during the winter.

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Robustness of NIR Calibrations for Soluble Solids in Intact Melon and Pineapple

Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽

10.1255/jnirs.145 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 259-265 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

John Guthrie ◽

Brett Wedding ◽

Kerry Walsh

Keyword(s):

Near Infrared ◽

Low Cost ◽

Silicon Detector ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Calibration Data ◽

Stepwise Multiple Linear Regression ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Harvest Dates ◽

Pineapple Fruit ◽

Solids Content

The soluble solids content of intact fruit can be measured non-invasively by near infrared spectroscopy, allowing “sweetness” grading of individual fruit. However, little information is available in the literature with respect to the robustness of such calibrations. We developed calibrations based on a restricted wavelength range (700–1100 nm), suitable for use with low-cost silicon detector systems, using a stepwise multiple linear regression routine. Calibrations for total soluble solids (°Brix) in intact pineapple fruit were not transferable between summer and winter growing seasons. A combined calibration (data of three harvest dates) validated reasonably well against a population set drawn from all harvest dates ( r2 = 0.72, SEP = 1.84 °Brix). Calibrations for Brix in melon were transferable between two of the three varieties examined. However, a lack of robustness of calibration was indicated by poor validation within populations of fruit harvested at different times. Further work is planned to investigate the robustness of calibration across varieties, growing districts and seasons.

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Evaluation of Yield, Variability and Quality of Sweet Potato Cultivars in Sub-Tropical Australia

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0014479700007006 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 9-16 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

D. O. Huett

Keyword(s):

Sweet Potato ◽

Potato Cultivars ◽

Taste Panel ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Yield Variability ◽

Eating Quality ◽

Storage Roots ◽

Tropical Australia ◽

Solids Content

SUMMARYThe yield, variability and quality of 16 sweet potato cultivars, harvested after 21 weeks growth, were evaluated in sub-tropical Australia. The coloured-flesh cultivars L8-92, Centennial, HAC-Pink, Copperskin Goldrush and Nemagold produced yields of marketable storage roots in excess of 19,000 kg ha−1, which was three to four times the yield of the local commercial cultivar, White Maltese. The high variability in mean yield per plant of all cultivars offers scope for selection within cultivars. Those with a deep orange flesh and high soluble solids content, i.e. L8-92, Copperskin Goldrush and Centennial, were preferred by members of a taste panel. A high carotene cultivar L8-92 has the greatest commercial potential because it produced the highest yield of marketable storage roots and had the highest taste panel rating for eating quality of stored roots.

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