scholarly journals An Innovative Vegetative Propagation System for Large-scale Production of Globe Artichoke Transplants. Part I. Propagation System Setup

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 812-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariateresa Cardarelli ◽  
Youssef Rouphael ◽  
Francesco Saccardo ◽  
Giuseppe Colla
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Weight Class ◽  
Globe Artichoke

A research project was conducted at the University of Tuscia, Viterbo (central Italy), to set up a vegetative propagation system for producing diseasefree artichoke transplants (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus) of the Romanesco type (cultivar C3). The system included the following steps: 1) micropropagated plantlets were grown in a soilless culture year-round in greenhouse conditions, starting at the end of August; 2) stock plants were periodically treated with a chemical growth regulator [6-benzylamino purine (BA)] and then cut back at the collar level to promote offshoot production; 3) offshoots were periodically harvested and cold stored; and 4) cuttings were rooted at the end of spring under conditions of high humidity in multi-pack trays so as to be ready for summer transplanting. Results showed that the foliar application of BA to the stock plants increased the offshoot number quadratically to 200 mg·L-1. The rooting percentages of cuttings and root growth were enhanced by raising the cutting weight class (30-45 g) and by the application of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) to the cutting root zone at a rate of 2000 mg·L-1. The percent rotten cuttings increased as the 2 °C cold-storage time increased from 30 to 150 days. Similarly, the percentage of rooting and root growth decreased approximately from 60 to 150 days.

scholarly journals An Innovative Vegetative Propagation System for Large-scale Production of Globe Artichoke Transplants. Part II. Propagation System Validation

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 817-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariateresa Cardarelli ◽  
Youssef Rouphael ◽  
Francesco Saccardo ◽  
Giuseppe Colla
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Propagation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Globe Artichoke ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Propagation Technique

Research was conducted at the University of Tuscia (central Italy) to validate the propagation system for globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus) described in a previous paper for a 1-year production cycle. The resulting globe artichoke plants were used in a 2-year field trial to investigate the field response of plantlets obtained with our propagation technique in comparison with plantlets produced by in vitro propagation and by offshoots harvested in commercial fields. The total number of artichoke plantlets obtained with our propagation system was 62.7 plantlets/m2 per year. In the first year, the globe artichoke production (bud number and fresh bud weight) was higher in plants obtained with our propagation system and by micropropagation than in those obtained from offshoots harvested in commercial fields. The production cost of plantlets obtained with our propagation technique was 52% lower than those of the micropropagated plantlets. This could lead to a significant reduction of production costs for artichoke growers, while preserving the advantages of in vitro propagation (disease-free plants and plant uniformity).

Plant tissue cultures from four Tuscan globe artichoke cultivars

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 680-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Bedini ◽  
Mariella Lucchesini ◽  
Francesco Bertozzi ◽  
Alberto Graifenberg
Keyword(s):  
Central Italy ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Induction Medium ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Globe Artichoke ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Indole Butyric Acid ◽  
Double Phase ◽  
Rooting Medium ◽  
Nitrate Concentrations

AbstractThe aim of the study was to examine the possibility of propagating in vitro four of the most common cultivars in Tuscany (central Italy): Terom, Violetto di Toscana, Chiusure and Empolese. The first three belong to the “Violetti” group, while cv Empolese belongs to the “Romaneschi” group. Explants were cultured on an induction medium (IM), which is a modified MS medium consisting of nitrate concentrations reduced by one quarter, 0.8 mg L−1 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and 0.2 mg L−1 3-indole butyric acid (IBA). Explants were then transferred to a proliferation medium (PM) consisting of the same basal medium together with 0.03 mg L−1 BA and 0.05 mg L−1 gibberellic acid (GA3). A rooting double-phase was then established. The pre-rooting medium (PRM), consisting of a basal MS medium with half strength nitrate concentrations, 0.5 mg L−1 indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 1 mg L−1 paclobutrazol (PBZ) was used for two weeks. Over the next four weeks, a rooting medium (MR) was used, consisting of a basal MS medium with 2 mg L−1 β-cyclodextrin and 2 mg L−1 α-naphthaleneacetic acid sodium salt (NAA). The cv Empolese provided the highest number of proliferated explants and rooted plantlets using the method described.

scholarly journals In vitro regeneration of bulblet using two and four bulb-scales explants of summer snowflake (Leucojum aestivum L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-231
Author(s):  
Masoumeh Abedinimazraeh ◽  
Sepideh Kalatehjari
Keyword(s):  
Callus Induction ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Control Medium ◽  
Indirect Organogenesis ◽  
Natural Form ◽  
Leucojum Aestivum

Abstract Leucojum aestivum is a valuable and endangered plant species with bulb scales best suited as explants in micropropagation. In the current study, its micropropagation was investigated by using two different explants and various concentrations and combinations of plant growth regulators (PGRs). Bulbs were first disinfected with benomyl® for 5 hours. After meeting the chilling requirements, two-scale and four-scale explants were provided for direct and indirect organogenesis. Explants were exposed to hot water, 70% ethanol and 2.5% sodium hypochlorite for further disinfestation. Four-scale explants were treated with different concentrations and combinations of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 6-benzyladenine (BA), and kinetin (Kin) for bulblet regeneration. For callogenesis, 0.5 mg L-1 of BA combined with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 mg L-1 of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) were applied. Regarding two-scale explants, different combinations and concentrations of BA, Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and NAA were used for bulblet induction, and various combinations of Indoleacetic acid (IAA), NAA, 2, 4-D and BA were used for callus induction. None of the two-scale explants responded to the bulblet regeneration and callus induction media. Unlike, four-scale explants regenerated bulblets and roots in the control medium and MS media enriched with different PGRs. Callus was generated on MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D and BA, and indirect regeneration was observed in some cases. On the control medium, the regenerated roots had a natural form, but in PGRs-rich media, they were deformed. Regarding the regeneration percentage, bulblet number and length and root length, no significant differences were found between the control and the best PGR-treatment in each case. Therefore, it seems logical suggesting not to use PGRs, which will considerably reduce the costs at large-scale production.

scholarly journals High Frequency Direct Organogenesis, Genetic Homogeneity, Chemical Characterization and Leaf Ultra-Structural Study of Regenerants in Diplocyclos palmatus (L.) C. Jeffrey

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2164
Author(s):  
Anamica Upadhyay ◽  
Anwar Shahzad ◽  
Zishan Ahmad ◽  
Abdulrahman A. Alatar ◽  
Gea Guerriero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
In Vitro Propagation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Direct Organogenesis ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Large Scale Production

Diplocyclos palmatus (L.) C. Jeffrey, commonly referred to as “Shivalingi” or “Lollipop climber” is a valuable medicinal plant with a climbing growth habit used in traditional medicine. It is reputed to have antiarthritic, anti-diabetic properties and to be useful in various skin and reproductive problems. Overexploitation of wild plants and low seed germination have resulted in the decline of the species in the wild. Thus, the present investigation was aimed to establish an effective in vitro propagation procedure for its large-scale production and conservation. Nodal explants, obtained from an established mother plant were grown on MS basal medium augmented with various cytokinins, alone or in combination with auxins, to study the morphogenic response. A maximum of 8.3 shoots/explants with an average shoot length of 7.2 cm were produced after six weeks on MS containing benzylaminopurine 5.0 µM + 1-naphthaleneacetic acid 2.0 µM. After 4 weeks of transfer, microshoots rooted well on a low nutrient medium of ½ MS + 1.0 µM indole-3-butyric acid, with a maximum of 11.0 roots/microshoot and an average root length of 7.4 cm. With an 80% survival rate, the regenerated plantlets were effectively acclimatized to natural conditions. DNA-based molecular markers were used to investigate the genetic uniformity. Scanning Electron Microscopic examination of leaves indicated the adaptation of the plantlets to natural, as evidenced by the formation of normal stomata. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses of mother and micropropagated plants were performed to identify essential secondary metabolites. The results obtained show that the in vitro propagation system can be adopted for preservation, large-scale production and secondary metabolites’ production in D. palmatus.

scholarly journals Callus induction and betacyanin quantification by HPLC/MS-MS in Alternanthera brasiliana (L.) Kuntze

Hoehnea ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andressa Reis ◽  
Alítcia Moraes Kleinowski ◽  
Fátima Rosane Schuquel Klein ◽  
Renata Trevizan Telles de Souza ◽  
Luciano do Amarante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Induction Medium ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Equilibrium Concentrations

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to establish a protocol for callus induction and betacyanin production in plants of Alternanthera brasiliana. Explants of A. brasiliana and five combinations of cytokinin and auxin were used for callus induction. Calli were transferred to a Betacyanin Induction Medium (MIB), composed of MS, with 0.5 mg L-1 of thidiazuron (TDZ) and 1 mg L-1 of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and kept in the light for 45 days. The aspect and intensity of pigments were assessed and total betacyanins were quantified in high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The combination of internodal segments and a medium containing equilibrium concentrations of auxins and cytokinins was the most efficient metod to induce calli and increased production of betacyanins. The presence of amaranthine in calli of A. brasiliana justifies its medical use and the consequent need for future studies for the large-scale production of this molecule.

scholarly journals Induction of In Vitro Cultured Masses of Shoot Primordia of Hybrid Statice and Its Cryopreservation by Vitrification

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshikazu Matsumoto ◽  
Yoji Nako ◽  
Chiaki Takahashi ◽  
Akira Sakai
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Shoot Tips ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Shoot Primordia ◽  
Large Scale Production

Bulbous structures consisting of meristematic clumps (designated “shoot primordia”) were induced from a meristematic culture of a hybrid statice (Limonium altaica Mill. × L. caspium Mill., cv. Blue Symphonet). The shoot tips were cultured in 25 mL of liquid 1/2 Murashige & Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.44 μm BA and 0.054 μm NAA and 3% sucrose at pH 5.8 by vertically shaking at 2 rpm on rotating stages (1 m in diameter) at 25 °C. One month after inoculation of shoot tips, numerous small globular structures were formed and propagated vegetatively at a high rate following subculture. Segments of shoot primordia had developed into plantlets 2 weeks after transfer to solidified 1/2 MS medium supplemented with 0.44 μm BA and 1% sucrose. Plantlets successfully acclimated and grew into normal plants in a greenhouse. Cold-hardened, precultured small segments of shoot primordia were successfully cryopreserved in liquid N by vitrification. Vitrified and warmed segments plated on solidified 1/2 MS medium produced shoots about 21 d after plating. Cultured masses of shoot primordia appear promising for large-scale production and cryopreservation of annual and biennial statice. Chemical names used: 6-benzyladenine (BA); 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA).

PRODUCTION AND TRADE IN CENTRAL ITALY IN THE ROMAN PERIOD: THE AMPHORA WORKSHOP OF MONTELABATE IN UMBRIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 109-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Letizia Ceccarelli
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Wine Production ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Regional Markets ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
New Evidence

The object of study in this paper is four unpublished kilns excavated in 2012 at Montelabate (Perugia, Italy), in the framework of the Montelabate Project. The workshop, in use from the mid-first to the fifth century AD, which produced amphorae, coarseware and tile, offers an interesting model for the study of the economy of production in Regio VI (Umbria). The location of the workshop allows the exploration of wider issues such as connectivity, changes in local and regional markets, and continuity in the exploitation of natural resources: the site had a rich clay deposit and was surrounded by densely forested hills, whilst the flat fertile fields were suitable for agriculture and wine production; connectivity was ensured by the river Ventia, a tributary of the Tiber, and by an internal road that joined the Via Flaminia. The paper discusses the substantial number of failed flat-bottomed wine amphorae of the Spello type, discovered at Montelabate, that revealed a large-scale production with little standardization, as eight different local types were identified. The manufacturing complex provides new evidence for a production system that played an important role on a larger regional scale as well as in the local economic network, which continued until the fifth century AD.

scholarly journals Phytoregulators and stem subdivision in the production of young forage palms (Opuntia ficus-indica and Nopalea cochellinifera)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1742-1747
Author(s):  
Wellington Silva Gomes ◽  
Samy Pimenta ◽  
Poliana Soares da Cruz Mascarenhas ◽  
Luciana Cardoso Nogueira Londe ◽  
Arles Matheus Pickler de Barros do Vale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Stem Size ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Additional Control ◽  
Length Width

The propagation of plants through stem subdivision and the incorporation of phytoregulators can be a viable and efficient technique in the large-scale production of young forage palm at a lower cost. This study was conducted in order to evaluate the influence of stem subdivision and phytoregulators on the production of young forage palms under greenhouse conditions. Three experiments (I, II and III) were performed. Experiments I and II consisted of young palm of the Miúda genotype, formed from fragmented stems submitted to solutions containing gradually increasing concentrations of benzylaminopurine (0,0; 0,5; 1,0 e 1,5 mg. L-1) and kinetin (0,0; 0,25; 0,5 e 0,75 mg. L-1) combined with naphthaleneacetic acid (1,5 mg. L-1). An additional control without the use of phytoregulators was also included. These treatments were distributed in a randomized block design (RBD), in a factorial scheme with the additional plot: 4 x 4 + 1. In experiment III, different sized fractions of four forage palm genotypes were tested: Gigante, Orelha de elefante, IPA Sertânia, and Miúda. For this test, the experimental design was RBD, with twelve treatments, distributed in five blocks with five plants per plot. There was no influence of phytoregulators on the characteristics evaluated in experiments I and II. Significant differences were found. However, for the variables length, width, and thickness of sprouts among treatments in experiment III. Therefore, the application of phytoregulators in young forage palms at the dosages used is not recommended. For the Gigante, Orelha de Elefante and Miúda genotypes, the fractional stem size recommended is 5x3 cm whereas for IPA Sertânia, the size recommended is 4x2 cm.

AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION OF CA DONG PEOPLE IN RESETTLEMENT AREA OF TRANH RIVER HYDROPOWER NUMBER 2: CURRENT SITUATION AND IMPACT FACTORS

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bùi Thị Bích Lan
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Technical Application ◽  
Production Models ◽  
Role Of The State

In Vietnam, the construction of hydropower projects has contributed significantly in the cause of industrialization and modernization of the country. The place where hydropower projects are built is mostly inhabited by ethnic minorities - communities that rely primarily on land, a very important source of livelihood security. In the context of the lack of common productive land in resettlement areas, the orientation for agricultural production is to promote indigenous knowledge combined with increasing scientific and technical application; shifting from small-scale production practices to large-scale commodity production. However, the research results of this article show that many obstacles in the transition process are being posed such as limitations on natural resources, traditional production thinking or the suitability and effectiveness of scientific - technical application models. When agricultural production does not ensure food security, a number of implications for people’s lives are increasingly evident, such as poverty, preserving cultural identity, social relations and resource protection. Since then, it has set the role of the State in researching and building appropriate agricultural production models to exploit local strengths and ensure sustainability.

I. S. A. Baud. Forms of Production and Women's Labour: Gender Aspects of Industrialisation in India and Mexico. New Delhi: Sage Publications. 1992. 321 pp.Hardbound. Price: Indian Rs 295.00.

1993 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-131
Author(s):  
Naureen Talha
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Indian Society ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Female Labour ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Commodity Production ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Mexican Society ◽  
Small Production

The literature on female labour in Third World countries has become quite extensive. India, being comparatively more advanced industrially, and in view of its size and population, presents a pictures of multiplicity of problems which face the female labour market. However, the author has also included Mexico in this analytical study. It is interesting to see the characteristics of developing industrialisation in two different societies: the Indian society, which is conservative, and the Mexican society, which is progressive. In the first chapter of the book, the author explains that he is not concerned with the process of industrialisation and female labour employed at different levels of work, but that he is interested in forms of production and women's employment in large-scale production, petty commodity production, marginal small production, and self-employment in the informal sector. It is only by analysis of these forms that the picture of females having a lower status is understood in its social and political setting.

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