scholarly journals A Portable Steam Distillation Unit for Essential Oil Crops

1992 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.H. Alkire ◽  
J.E. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Distillation Unit ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Commercial Farms ◽  
Entire Apparatus

An experimental steam distillation unit has been designed, built, and tested for the extraction of essential oils from peppermint and spearmint. The unit, using a 130-gal (510-liter) distillation tank, is intermediate in size between laboratory-scale extractors and commercial-sized distilleries, yet provides oil in sufficient quantity for industrial evaluation. The entire apparatus-a diesel-fuel-fired boiler, extraction vessel, condenser, and oil collector-is trailer-mounted, making it transportable to commercial farms or research stations. Percentage yields of oil per dry weight from the unit were slightly less than from laboratory hydrodistillations, but oil quality and terpene composition were similar.

scholarly journals CONSTRUCTION AND DESIGN OF A PORTABLE STEAM DISTILLATION UNIT FOR ESSENTIAL OIL CROPS.

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1165b-1165
Author(s):  
Ben H. Alkire ◽  
James E. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Residue Analysis ◽  
Distillation Unit ◽  
Aromatic Plants ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Pressure Steam ◽  
Extraction Unit ◽  
Commercial Farms

A 500 liter (130 gallon) stainless steel steam distillation unit has been built to extract volatile essential oils from aromatic plants. A 1.5 m × 0.75 m dia. steam vessel (hydrostatically tested @ 125 psi) serves as the distillation tank. Low pressure or high pressure steam is supplied by a diesel fuel fired boiler of 10 horsepower. The steam vessel can hold peppermint from plots of 25 m2 and extract approximately 100 ml of essential oil per distillation. The size of the tub was designed to provide oil in sufficient quantity for industrial evacuation or for pesticide residue analysis. Following the distillation, the vessel can be disconnected from the cold-water condenser and rotated on swivels to a horizontal position, permitting easy removal and re-filling of plant material. The entire extraction unit (vessel, condenser, boiler and oil collector) is suitable for mounting upon a trader, making it transportable to commercial farms or research stations. The extraction of peppermint and spearmint oils using this new system will be presented.

scholarly journals The Influence of Biochar and Solid Digestate on Rose-Scented Geranium (Pelargonium graveolens L’Hér.) Productivity and Essential Oil Quality

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Calamai ◽  
Enrico Palchetti ◽  
Alberto Masoni ◽  
Lorenzo Marini ◽  
David Chiaramonti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Anaerobic Digestate ◽  
Pelargonium Graveolens ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Leaf Chlorosis

In recent years, biochar has generated global interest in the areas of sustainable agriculture and climate adaptation. The main positive effects of biochar were observed to be the most remarkable when nutrient-rich feedstock was used as the initial pyrolysis material (i.e., anaerobic digestate). In this study, the influence of solid anaerobic digestate and biochar that was produced by the slow pyrolysis of solid digestate was evaluated by comparing the differences in the crop growth performances of Pelargonium graveolens. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse while using three different growth media (i.e., solid digestate, biochar, and vermiculite). The results indicated that: (i) the pyrolysis of solid digestate caused a reduction in the bulk density (−52%) and an increase in the pH (+16%) and electrical conductivity (+9.5%) in the derived biochar; (ii) the best crop performances (number of leaves, number of total branches, and plant dry weight) were found using biochar, particularly for plant dry weight (+11.4%) and essential oil content (+9.4%); (iii) the essential oil quality was slightly affected by the growth media; however, the main chemical components were found within the acceptable range that was set by international standard trade; and, iv) biochar induced the presence of leaf chlorosis in Pelargonium graveolens.

Enzyme‐assisted extraction of essential oils from Syzygium aromaticum

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 248-254
Author(s):  
R. Amudan ◽  
D. V. Kamat ◽  
S. D. Kamat
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Chemical Extraction ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Clove Oil ◽  
Zone Size ◽  
Structure Quality ◽  
Assisted Extraction

The essential oil of clove ( Syzygium aromaticum) holds an important positionamongst widely used essential oils. A typical steam distillation processfor the extraction of clove oil provides a 10.1% yield. Recent studies involvedthe use of enzymes such as pectinase, amylase, lignocellulase, and cellulaseon the powder of clove buds, prior to extraction. The traditional methods ofphysical and chemical extraction are effective but may affect the structure,quality and yield of the phytochemicals extracted. In the current study,hence, enzymes specific for action on the cell wall have been used in the pretreatment prior to extraction, to enhance the quality and yield of the phytochemicalsextracted. The results indicated that all the enzymes, gave morethan 50% higher yield than control in terms of weight of extracted essentialoil. A mixture of the enzymes gave the highest yield of 17.82%. Gas chromatographyresults indicated that the essential oil extracted using amylase hada maximum eugenol content of 70%, in comparison with the eugenol content(62–68%) in the essential oils extracted using the rest of the enzymes.Antibacterial activity of all the extracts was studied on methicillin â€resistantStaphylococcus aureus  (MRSA). The essential oil extracted by using amylaseinhibitedMRSA, showed a zone size of 40 mm, whereas the essential oil extractedby using lignocellulase showed a zone size of 45 mm. The gas chromatogramindicated the maximum number of peaks in this extract, whichcould be producing a combined antibacterial effect on the organism. Thespecific gravity values of the essential oil extracted using lignocellulase andamylase was 1.051 and 1.062, respectively, whereas the control had a specificgravity of 1.015.

scholarly journals Chemical composition and content of essential oil from the bud of cultivated Turkish clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.)

BioResources ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hakki Alma ◽  
Murat Ertaş ◽  
Siegfrie Nitz ◽  
Hubert Kollmannsberger
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Distillation Method ◽  
Eugenyl Acetate ◽  
Clove Bud Oil ◽  
Oil Company

In this study, clove bud oil, which was cultivated in the Mediterranean region of Turkey, was provided from a private essential oil company in Turkey. Essential oil from clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) was obtained from steam-distillation method, and its chemical composition was analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The results showed that the essential oils mainly contained about 87.00% eugenol, 8.01% eugenyl acetate and 3.56% β-Caryophyllene. The chemical composition of the Turkish clove bud oil was comparable to those of trees naturally grown in their native regions.

scholarly journals Effect of Enzymatic, Ultrasound, and Reflux Extraction Pretreatments on the Yield and Chemical Composition of Essential Oils

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (20) ◽  
pp. 4818
Author(s):  
Anđela Miljanović ◽  
Ana Bielen ◽  
Dorotea Grbin ◽  
Zvonimir Marijanović ◽  
Martina Andlar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Mediterranean Plants ◽  
Essential Oil Yield

The effect of different hydrodistillation pretreatments, namely, reflux extraction, reflux extraction with the addition of cell wall-degrading enzymes, and ultrasound, on the yield and chemical composition of essential oils of sage, bay laurel, and rosemary was examined. All pretreatments improved essential oil yield compared to no-pretreatment control (40–64% yield increase), while the oil quality remained mostly unchanged (as shown by statistical analysis of GC-MS results). However, enzyme-assisted reflux extraction pretreatment did not significantly outperform reflux extraction (no-enzyme control), suggesting that the observed yield increase was mostly a consequence of reflux extraction and enzymatic activity had only a minute effect. Thus, we show that ultrasound and reflux extraction pretreatments are beneficial in the production of essential oils of selected Mediterranean plants, but the application of enzymes has to be carefully re-evaluated.

scholarly journals Volatile Composition, Toxicity, Analgesic, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Mucuna pruriens

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 1934578X2093232
Author(s):  
Opeyemi N. Avoseh ◽  
Isiaka A. Ogunwande ◽  
Gbenga O. Ojenike ◽  
Fanyana M. Mtunzi
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Opioid Analgesic ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
Opioid Antagonist ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Proinflammatory Mediators ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Anti Inflammation

The volatile constituents, toxicity, antinociception, and anti-inflammatory activities of the essential oil obtained from the leaf of Mucuna pruriens utilis collected from Nigeria are reported. The essential oil was analyzed comprehensively utilizing gas chromatography (GC)-flame ionization detector and GC coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) using the HP-5 column. The antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory assays were analyzed by a hot plate, formalin, and carrageenan-induced edema assays, respectively. The essential oil was obtained in a yield of 0.2% (v/w) calculated on a dry weight basis. A total of 36 compounds representing 94.8% of the oil contents were identified. The oil contained a high content of ( E)-2-hexenal (19.0%), linalool (8.9%), 1-hexanol (6.6%), and trans-dehydroxylinalool oxide (5.2%). The analgesic property of the essential oil was slightly significant ( P < 0.5) only at the third hour for the 400 mg/kg while other doses are less active. The rate of inhibition was moderate (24.1%-54%) during the analgesic phase of the formalin assay. The rate of inhibition at the anti-inflammatory phases of both formalin and carrageenan were significantly high (100%) and P < 0.001 for all the doses during the reaction duration. The potential proinflammatory mechanism might be due to effects on several proinflammatory mediators, including, histamine, serotonin, and bradykinin, and the ability of the essential oils to act as centrally mediated opioid analgesic. Mucuna pruriens essential oils displayed a high anti-inflammation potential and can be used as a potential centrally mediated opioid antagonist against analgesia.

scholarly journals 866 PB 545 PRODUCTION POTENTIAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL CROPS IN SAUDI ARABIA

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 557f-557
Author(s):  
Mohammed Sarwar ◽  
Saleh A. Al-Namlah
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Anethum Graveolens ◽  
New Crops ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Cymbopogon Flexuosus

Saudi Arabia is known for arid character and its total unsuitability for any agricultural exploitation. However; it is- now proving otherwise with the application of modern agrotechnology resulting in large scale production of many crops successfully. Considering the international growing demand of essential oils, need of agrocommunities for new crops, advantages of local warm climate and availability of generous government funding system, essential oil production offers immense potential in Saudi Arabia. This paper intends to describe the prospects of raising Pelargonium graveolens, Mentha arvensis, Artemesia pallens, Cymbopogon winterianus, Cymbopogon flexuosus, Ocimum basilicum, Eucalyptus citriodora, Rosemarinus officinalis, Coriandrum sativum, Anethum graveolens, Jasminum grandiflorum and Pogostemon patchouli successfully at various ecosystems and to establish new agroindustries based on essential oils around the Kingdom.

scholarly journals Comparaison Quantitative Et Qualitative Des Huiles Essentielles De Rosmarinus Officinalis Obtenues Par Différentes Méthodes

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
Taha EL Kamli ◽  
Faouzi Errachidi ◽  
Noureddine Eloutassi ◽  
Houmane Majid ◽  
Rachida Chabir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Rotatory Power ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Medicinal And Aromatic Plants ◽  
Middle Atlas

Rosmarinus officinalis is among the most abundant medicinal and aromatic plants in Morocco. There are several factors that influence the yield of quality and quantity of essential oils of this plant. This work focuses on the study, characterization and comparison of the chemical composition of essential oils of Rosmarinus officinalis. The raw material studied is originally from the central part of northern Morocco (Skoura M'Daz region, Eastern Middle Atlas). The essential oils of rosemary were obtained by three different extraction methods : DA: Artisanal distillation, the essential oils were obtained directly from small cooperatives using a very traditional (nonindustrial) method and based on the technique of Steam distillation ; DI: Industrial distillation which is also based on Steam distillation; DC: hydrodistillation by clevenger apparatus Laboratory. The physicochemical characterization of essential oils focuses on the search for the yield of % essential oil with regard to the dry rosemary biomass, density, refractive index and rotatory power. The chemical analyzes were carried out by gas chromatography (GC), they identified 11 components representing more than 99.64% of the essential oil and indicate that the chemotype is 1.8 cineole and is varied according to the method (DI: 48.83%, DA: 41.28% and DC: 51.77%). In conclusion we have shown a quantitative and qualitative loss of essential oils due to the extraction method of essential oils, which has direct repercussions on the economy of rural Morocco and consequently on their sustainable development.

scholarly journals Composition of essential oil of plants some species of the genus Agastache l. Introduced in Belarus

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-155
Author(s):  
N. A. Kovalenko ◽  
G. N. Supichenko ◽  
V. N. Leontiev ◽  
A. G. Shutova
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Distillation Method ◽  
Methyl Chavicol ◽  
Oil Distribution ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Optically Pure

The steam distillation method was used to obtain samples of essential oil of some species of genus Agastache L. introduced in Belarus. More than 20 components have been identified and determined in the essential oils of Agastache pallidiflora ssp.neomexicana L., Agastache aurantiaca L., Agastache mexicana L., Agastache foeniculum L. by gas liquid chromatography.The quantitative composition of the samples of essential oils depends on the type of plant material. The main its components are limonene, 1.8-cineol, mentone, isomentone, methyl chavicol, methyeugenol. The main component of essential oils Agastache pallidiflora ssp. neomexicana L. и Agastache aurantiaca L is mentone (40–65 %). Essential oil Agastache foeniculum L. is enriched with pulegone and isomentone. Methyl chavicol and methyleugenol dominate in Agastache mexicana essential oil. Distribution of the enantiomers of limonene, menthone and pulegone are shown. Regardless of the plant species, the samples are optically pure in the (+)-pulegone. The nature of the distribution of the enantiomers of limonene and menthone is an individual characteristic of the studied Agastache L. essential oils.

scholarly journals Modeling the kinetics of essential oil hydrodistillation from plant materials

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 843-859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetomir Milojevic ◽  
Dragana Radosavljevic ◽  
Vladimir Pavicevic ◽  
Srdjan Pejanovic ◽  
Vlada Veljkovic
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Physical Model ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Sigmoid Function ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
First Order ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
And Diffusion

The present work deals with modeling the kinetics of essential oils extraction from plant materials by water and steam distillation. The experimental data were obtained by studying the hydrodistillation kinetics of essential oil from juniper berries. The literature data on the kinetics of essential oils hydrodistillation from different plant materials were also included into the modeling. A physical model based on simultaneous washing and diffusion of essential oil from plant materials were developed to describe the kinetics of essential oils hydrodistillation, and two other simpler models were derived from this physical model assuming either instantaneous washing followed by diffusion or diffusion with no washing (i.e. the first-order kinetics). The main goal was to compare these models and suggest the optimum ones for water and steam distillation and for different plant materials. All three models described well the experimental kinetic data on water distillation irrespective of the type of distillation equipment and its scale, the type of plant materials and the operational conditions. The most applicable one is the model involving simultaneous washing and diffusion of the essential oil. However, this model was generally inapplicable for steam distillation of essential oils, except for juniper berries. For this hydrodistillation technique, the pseudo first-order model was shown to be the best one. In a few cases, a variation of the essential oil yield with time was observed to be sigmoidal and was modeled by the Boltzmann sigmoid function.

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