scholarly journals A New Method of Applying Imidacloprid to Potted Plants for Controlling Aphids and Whiteflies

1997 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio C. Pasian ◽  
Daniel K. Struve ◽  
Richard K. Lindquist
Keyword(s):  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
New Method ◽  
Euphorbia Pulcherrima ◽  
Silverleaf Whitefly ◽  
Bemisia Argentifolii ◽  
Product Label ◽  
Latex Paint ◽  
Potted Plants ◽  
Application Method ◽  
Application Methods

The effectiveness of two application methods of the insecticide imidacloprid in controlling 1) melon aphids (Aphis gossypii Glover) on `Nob Hill' chrysanthemum (Dendranthema ×grandiflora Ramat) plants and 2) silverleaf whitefly (Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring) on `Freedom Red' poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Wild.) were compared. Plants were grown in containers with their interior covered by a mixture of flat latex paint plus several concentrations of imidacloprid (0, 10, 21, 42, and 88 mg·L−1), or treated with a granular application of the insecticide (1% a.i.) according to label recommendations. All imidacloprid treatments effectively reduced aphid survival for at least 8 weeks. The two most effective treatments were the granular application (10 mg a.i.) and the 88-mg·L−1 treatment (0.26 mg a.i). All imidacloprid treatments effectively reduced whitefly nymph survival. The 42- and 88-mg·L−1 treatment and the granular application (1% a.i.) were equally effective in reducing nymph numbers in lower poinsettia leaves. None of the plants given treatments with paint exhibited any phytotoxicity symptoms. These results suggest the possibility of a new application method for systemic chemicals with the potential of reducing the release of chemicals to the environment. Paint and imidacloprid mixes are not described in any product label and cannot be legally used by growers. Chemical name used: 1-[(6-chloro-3-pyrimidil)-N-nitro-2-imidazolidinimine (imidacloprid)

scholarly journals Painted Containers: A New Method for Imidacloprid Application

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 655f-656
Author(s):  
Claudio C. Pasian ◽  
Daniel K. Struve ◽  
Richard Lindquist
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Leaf Disk ◽  
New Method ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Euphorbia Pulcherrima ◽  
Bemisia Argentifolii ◽  
Latex Paint ◽  
Application Method ◽  
Brachycaudus Helichrysi ◽  
Methods Of Application

The effectiveness of two methods of application of the insecticide imidacloprid in controlling 1) aphids (Brachycaudus helichrysi) on Chrysanthemum plants, Dendranthema ×grandiflora (Ramat) (cv. Nob Hill) and 2) whitefly (Bemisia argentifolii) on poinsettia, Euphorbia pulcherrima (Wild.) (cv. Freedom Red) were compared. Plants were grown in containers with their interior covered by a mixture of flat latex paint and several concentrations of imidacloprid (0, 10, 21, 42, and 88 mg·L–1), or treated with a granular application of the insecticide (1% a.i.) according to label recommendations. All imidacloprid treatments were effective in reducing aphid survival after 8 weeks. The two most effective treatments were: granular (1% a.i.) and 88 mg·L–1 with an average of 0.2 aphid per plant as opposed to 50.4 aphids per plant for the control. The 42-mg·L–1 treatment had an aphid survival rate 1.6 aphids per plant. All imidacloprid treatments were effective in reducing white fly larvae. The 42 and 88 mg·L–1 and the granular (1% a.i.) were equally effective in reducing larvae numbers in lower poinsettia leaves: 0.5, 1.9, 0.9 larvae/2.5 cm leaf disk, respectively, while the control treatment had 62.9. None of the plants given treatments with paint showed any sign of phytotoxicity. These results suggest the possibility of a new application method for systemic chemicals with the potential of reducing or eliminating Worker Protection Standard (WPS) Restricted Entry Intervals (REI) and reducing the release of chemicals to the environment. Chemical name used: 1-[(6-Chloro-3-pyrimidil)]-N-nitro-2-imidazolidinimine.

scholarly journals Painted Containers: A New Method for Paclobutrazol Application

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 655e-655
Author(s):  
Claudio C. Pasian ◽  
Daniel K. Struve
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
New Method ◽  
Latex Paint ◽  
Application Method ◽  
Soil Drench ◽  
Application Methods ◽  
Effect On Growth

The effectiveness of two application methods of the growth regulator paclobutrazol on the growth of Chrysanthemum plants, Dendranthema ×grandiflora (Ramat) (cv. `Fina' and `Cream Dana') were compared. Plants were grown in containers with their interior covered by a mixture of flat latex paint and several concentrations of paclobutrazol (0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 100, 150, 160, and 200 mg·L–1) or were treated with a soil drench of the growth regulator according to label recommendations (59 ml/container of paclobutrazol solution at 4 mg·L–1). Plants grown in containers with the paint–paclobutrazol mix at concentrations >80 mg·L–1 were shorter than plants given the control and paint only treatments but taller than plants given the drench treatment. Increasing paclobutrazol concentrations in paint from 100 to 150 and 200 mg·L–1 did not produce proportionately shorter plants. Paint alone had no effect on growth and development. Plants subject to growth regulator treatments appeared greener than the control plants. None of the plants given treatments with paint with or without paclobutrazol showed any sign of phytotoxicity. These results suggest the possibility of a new application method for systemic chemicals with the potential of reducing or eliminating worker protection standard restricted entry intervals and reducing the release of chemicals to the environment. Chemical name used: beta-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-α-(1,1-dimethyl)-1H-1,2,4,-triazole-1-ethanol (paclobutrazol).

scholarly journals 157 Susceptibility of Poinsettia Cultivars to Whiteflies

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 417A-417
Author(s):  
Robert P. Rice ◽  
Michael Crane
Keyword(s):  
Trialeurodes Vaporariorum ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Euphorbia Pulcherrima ◽  
Silverleaf Whitefly ◽  
Bemisia Argentifolii ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Trichome Density ◽  
Greenhouse Whitefly ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Leaf Trichome

Twenty-four poinsettia cultivars (Euphorbia pulcherrima) were exposed to a population of greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) and silverleaf whitefly (Bemisia argentifolii) for 6 weeks. Evaluation was based on the number of immature whitefly present on each of the marked leaves. The poinsettias that produce white bracts were more heavily infested with immature stages of whitefly than those cultivars that produce red bracts, while those that produce pink bracts were intermediate. There was a wide range in degree of whitefly infestation among poinsettia cultivars. Leaf trichome density also explained a portion of the variance in whitefly oviposition rates among several of the cultivars. Cultivars with high trichome densities sustained less whitefly oviposition than did cultivars with low trichome densities. Certain cultivars tested showed an appreciable natural resistance to whitefly (`Freedom Red', `Freedom Bright Red', `Red Velvet', `Cranberry Punch', `Pepride').

New method of acephate application to potted plants for control of Aphis gossypii, Frankliniella occidentalis and Bemisia tabaci

2000 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Pasian ◽  
R.A.J Taylor ◽  
Robert W McMahon ◽  
Richard K Lindquist
Keyword(s):  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
New Method ◽  
Potted Plants

scholarly journals 549 Imidacloprid Applications for Whitefly Control on Poinsettia Using Ebb-and-flow Systems

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 540E-541
Author(s):  
Marc van Iersel ◽  
Ron Oetting
Keyword(s):  
Untreated Control ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Model System ◽  
Euphorbia Pulcherrima ◽  
Silverleaf Whitefly ◽  
Bemisia Argentifolii ◽  
Greenhouse Crops ◽  
Worker Exposure ◽  
Flow Systems ◽  
Ebb And Flow

Ebb-and-flow systems can be used to apply systemic pesticides to greenhouse crops without worker exposure or runoff. However, there is little information on the efficacy of pesticides applied with ebb-and-flow systems. We are using silverleaf whitefly (Bemisia argentifolii) control on poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima) with imidacloprid as a model system to study pesticide efficacy in ebb-and-flow systems. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the amount of insecticide taken up by the pot on the efficacy of whitefly control. Different amounts of imidacloprid uptake were obtained by not watering the plants for 0, 1, 2, or 4 days before the imidacloprid application. The imidacloprid (132 g·L–1) was applied once when the roots of the cuttings had reached the side of the pots. These treatments were compared to an untreated control on ebb-and-flow and a standard drench application (100 mL) to hand-watered plants. Pots in the different subirrigation treatments absorbed 12 to 175 mL of imidacloprid solution. Four days after the application, leaf tissue of the hand-watered plants contained 8 to 20 times more imidacloprid than the subirrigated plants. Efficacy was determined from the percentage of surviving mature whiteflies after 2 days on the plants and by counting the number of immatures after 2 weeks. Surprisingly, imidacloprid efficacy was better in the subirrigated imidacloprid treatments than in the hand-watered treatment. Whitefly control in all subirrigated imidacloprid treatments was excellent, irrespective of the amount of imidacloprid solution taken up by the pots.

scholarly journals Responses of Whitefly and Poinsettias to Insecticidal Controlled Atmospheres

2000 ◽  
Vol 125 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan S. Han ◽  
Jennifer Konieczny
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Time ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Euphorbia Pulcherrima ◽  
Silverleaf Whitefly ◽  
Bemisia Argentifolii ◽  
Complete Elimination ◽  
Greenhouse Whitefly ◽  
Controlled Atmospheres ◽  
Time Required

Eggs, larvae, pupae, and adult stages of greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporarium Westwood) and silverleaf whitefly (Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring) were exposed to insecticidal controlled atmospheres at 20 °C or 30 °C. Mortality data were calculated for each stage and results demonstrated that reduced-O2 atmospheres (an O2 level of <2 μL·L-1 balance in N2) resulted in faster and higher mortality than elevated-CO2 atmospheres (25% or 50% CO2). Responses, from the least to most tolerant stage was adult < larvae < eggs = pupae, regardless of the species of whitefly and treatment temperature. At 20 °C, treatment time required to kill >90% of adults, larvae, and eggs and pupae was 2, 4, and 8 hours, respectively. Increasing the treatment temperature from 20 to 30 °C reduced the treatment time to one-half that of 20 °C. Treatment time required to achieve complete elimination of the insects also caused phytotoxicity symptoms on poinsettias (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzsch), thus, limiting use of insecticidal controlled atmospheres as the sole means for managing whitefly.

scholarly journals 011 Reflective Mulches and Yellow Sticky Tape Control Whiteflies in Greenhouse Poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima)

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 442E-442
Author(s):  
Robert P. Rice ◽  
Shelly Baird ◽  
Linzy Gatlin
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Trialeurodes Vaporariorum ◽  
Euphorbia Pulcherrima ◽  
Silverleaf Whitefly ◽  
Bemisia Argentifolii ◽  
Greenhouse Whitefly ◽  
Subsequent Trial ◽  
Sticky Tape ◽  
Polyethylene Mulch ◽  
Better Than

Greenhouse Whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) and Silverleaf Whitefly (Bemisia argentifolii) are the most serious insect pests of poinsettia. Most growers rely on the use of foliar insecticide applications before bract coloring and an application of a single soil application of imidicloprid (Marathon) subsequently. This research was undertaken to investigate the use of reflective mulches or bench covers, which have been shown to be effective in outdoor applications for control of whitefly in the greenhouse. In an early trial, silver painted pot spacers and silver polyethylene mulch were placed between pots and both nymphs on leaves and adults caught on yellow sticky cards were monitored. Nymph populations were reduced by ≈35% and adults caught on sticky cards increased by ≈40% when compared with the control. In a subsequent trial, reflective bench covers were combined with the use of yellow sticky tape placed above the canopy of the crop and compared with sticky tape alone, reflective mulch alone, and no treatment. The combination of sticky tape and reflective mulch significantly reduced whitefly populations after 6 weeks and performed better than either of the other treatments alone.

Influence of Application Method on the Activity of Butylate and EPTC in Reduced-Tillage Corn (Zea mays)

Weed Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 412-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas D. Buhler
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
The Other ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Liquid Fertilizer ◽  
Application Method ◽  
Control Growth ◽  
Application Methods

Weed control in reduced-tillage corn (Zea maysL. ‘Pioneer 3732′) with butylate [S-ethyl bis(2-methylpropyl) carbamothioate] and EPTC (S-ethyl dipropyl carbarnothioate) was not reduced when these herbicides were applied jointly with dry or liquid fertilizer. In most cases, application with fertilizer resulted in weed control similar to that observed when the herbicide was applied in water at 285 L/ha. Butylate applied as a granular formulation also gave weed control similar to the spray at 285 L/ha. Application in 95 L/ha of water consistently resulted in reduced weed control. Corn injury was not greatly influenced by application method, and differences in corn yield appeared to be due to differences in weed control. Growth chamber bioassays indicated that both butylate and EPTC dissipated more rapidly when applied in 95 L/ha of water than the other application methods, which may explain differences in weed control observed in the field.

Effects of Application Method and Rate on Control of Sclerotinia Blight of Peanut with Iprodione and Fluazinam1

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Damicone ◽  
K. E. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Application Method ◽  
Sclerotinia Blight ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Application Methods ◽  
Yield Responses

Abstract Two trials with iprodione and three trials with fluazinam were conducted to assess the effects of application method and rate on the control of Sclerotinia blight of peanut with fungicide. In order to concentrate the fungicides near the crown area where the disease causes the most damage, applications were made through a canopy opener with a single nozzle centered over the row to achieve a 30.5-cm-wide band (canopy opener), and through a single nozzle centered over the row to achieve a 46-cm-wide band (band). Broadcast applications were compared to these methods at rates of 0, 0.28, 0.56, and 1.12 kg/ha on the susceptible cultivar Okrun. Sclerotinia blight was severe, with &gt; 70% disease incidence and &lt; 2000 kg/ha yield for the untreated controls in each trial. Linear reductions in area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), but not final disease incidence, with iprodione rate were significant (P &lt; 0.05) for all methods of application. However, the rate of decrease did not differ among application methods. Linear increases in yield with rate of iprodione were greater for canopy opener compared to the band or broadcast applications. Only a 50% reduction in AUDPC and a maximum yield of &lt; 2700 kg/ha was achieved with iprodione using the best method. At the maximum rate of 1.12 kg/ha, fluazinam provided &gt; 75% disease control and &gt; 4000 kg/ha yield for all application methods. Differences in disease control and yield among application methods only occurred at the 0.28 and 0.56 kg/ha rates of fluazinam. Reductions in AUDPC with fluazinam rate were quadratic for all application methods, but AUDPC values were less for the canopy opener and band methods at 0.28 and 0.56 kg/ha compared to the broadcast methods. The yield response to rate for broadcast applications of fluazinam was linear. However, predicted yield responses to fluazinam rate were quadratic for the band and canopy opener methods and approached the maximum response at 0.84 kg/ha. Targeting fungicide applications using the band and/or canopy opener methods was beneficial for fluazinam at reduced rates. Disease control with iprodione was not adequate regardless of application method.

Silverleaf Whitefly, Bemisia argentifolii Bellows and Perring (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)

2008 ◽  
pp. 3377-3379
Author(s):  
John B. Heppner ◽  
David B. Richman ◽  
Steven E. Naranjo ◽  
Dale Habeck ◽  
Christopher Asaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silverleaf Whitefly ◽  
Bemisia Argentifolii
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