scholarly journals Evaluation of Cultivars and Spray Programs for Organic Grape Production in Virginia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Laban K. Rutto ◽  
Zelalem Mersha ◽  
Mizuho Nita
Keyword(s):  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Plasmopara Viticola ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Wine Production ◽  
Phomopsis Viticola ◽  
Minimum Requirements ◽  
Organically Managed ◽  
Grape Cultivars

The French American hybrid grape cultivars Corot noir and Arandell (Vitis sp.), and Vidal blanc and Petit Manseng (Vitis vinifera), along with different spray programs, were evaluated for potential organic production in Virginia from 2013 to 2014. Results obtained in the study demonstrate that organic wine grape production in Virginia can be achieved by using select grape cultivars and spray programs. With the exception of Vidal blanc, disease severity and disease incidence were below the threshold for maintaining healthy vines in all organically managed grape cultivars. ‘Vidal blanc’ was not sufficiently resistant to downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola), precluding it from potential organic management in Virginia. The study also demonstrated significant disease resistance in Virginia of the cultivar Arandell, released by Cornell University (Ithaca, NY) in 2013. The results suggest that the organically registered fungicide Bacillus subtilis is effective in reducing the severity and incidence of black rot (Guignardia bidwellii) and phomopsis cane and leaf spot (Phomopsis viticola). The chemistry of organically managed berries harvested in 2014 met minimum requirements for wine production with soluble solids, titratable acidity, and pH ranging from 18.7% to 20.2%, 7.6 to 8.0 g·L−1, and 3.3 to 3.4, respectively, in ‘Arandell’ and ‘Corot noir’; and 21.0% to 24.4%, 7.8 to 9.6 g·L−1, and 2.7 to 2.9, respectively, in ‘Petit Manseng’ and ‘Vidal blanc’ juice.

scholarly journals Yield and Berry Composition of Cold-climate Grape Cultivars and Advanced Selections in Iowa Climate

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-203
Author(s):  
James A. Schrader ◽  
Diana R. Cochran ◽  
Paul A. Domoto ◽  
Gail R. Nonnecke
Keyword(s):  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Wine Production ◽  
Fruit Composition ◽  
Solids Concentration ◽  
Berry Composition ◽  
Grape Cultivars

Increasing interest in grape (Vitis sp.) and wine production in the upper midwest region of the United States has created a need for science-based information that characterizes the potential of cold-climate cultivars to produce quality grapes with acceptable yields. We evaluated the yield and quality (composition) of grapes from 12 cold-climate, interspecific-hybrid grape cultivars (northern hybrids) grown in a randomized and replicated field plot in central Iowa. The grape trial was planted in 2008, and crop performance of cultivars was evaluated from 2012 through 2017 (yield) and 2014 through 2017 (berry composition). The trial included two established cultivars, five newer cultivars, and five advanced selections. The established cultivars included in the study as controls were Frontenac and St. Croix. The newer cultivars evaluated in this study were Arandell, Corot Noir, La Crescent, Marquette, and Petit Ami, and the advanced selections were MN 1189, MN 1200, MN 1220, MN 1235, and MN 1258. Yield and productivity were characterized by measuring yield per vine, number of clusters per vine, average cluster weight, and pruning weight. The fruit composition indices were soluble solids concentration (SSC), pH, titratable acidity (TA), and sugar:acid ratio (SSC ÷ TA). On the basis of their strong results for both yield and fruit composition measures, ‘Marquette’, MN 1235, and MN 1220 ranked as the top-performing cultivars in Iowa’s climate, followed by Petit Ami and St. Croix. ‘Petit Ami’ had slightly lower yield consistency and slightly lower results for SSC than did the top performing cultivars, and St. Croix had among the highest and most consistent yields of the trial but showed lower results for SSC and sugar:acid ratio than many of the other cultivars. ‘La Crescent’ had midrange yields and high SSC, but the high TA of ‘La Crescent’ fruit resulted in a low sugar:acid ratio at harvest. Two cultivars (MN 1258 and MN 1200) had relatively low yields in Iowa’s climate but achieved good results for composition indices. ‘Frontenac’ had high, consistent yields and achieved high SSC, but the very high TA of ‘Frontenac’ fruit resulted in a very low sugar:acid ratio compared with most other cultivars. The remaining three cultivars (Corot Noir, MN 1189, and Arandell) performed poorly in Iowa’s climate, showing both low yield and undesirable fruit composition indices compared with the other cultivars in the trial. An itemized summary of the relative ratings for yield and fruit composition is provided to aid growers in selection and management of grape cultivars for use in Iowa and other areas of similar climate.

scholarly journals Effects of Yeast Concentration and Total Soluble Solids on the Quality of Wine Produced from Pineapple

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-42
Author(s):  
E. C. Udeagha ◽  
C. N. Ishiwu ◽  
C. U. Obiora ◽  
J. O. Iwouno
Keyword(s):  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
Wine Production ◽  
Total Soluble Solids ◽  
General Acceptance ◽  
Yeast Concentration ◽  
Mouth Feel

This research was carried out to determine the effects of yeast concentration and total soluble solids on the quality of wine produced from pineapple. The experiment was a Response Surface Methodology in the form of Rotatable Central Composite Design (RCCD). Ripe pineapple fruit (Ananas comosus) was processed using pressure extraction to obtain the juice. The juice was divided into thirteen (13) portions. Each portion’s total soluble solids was adjusted using sugar syrup and then pitched with specified yeast concentration. All the thirteen (13) samples were fermented for 168 h at 25±3 °C and aged for seven weeks. The wine was analyzed for pH, titratable acidity, ash content, final total soluble solids and alcohol content using standard methods. The sensory attributes (colour, aroma, taste, mouth-feel, texture and general acceptability) of the wines were analyzed by a twenty-five member panelist using 9-point hedonic scale. The results of the physico-chemical analysis of the pineapple wines showed that pH , titratable acidity (tartaric acid) content, alcohol and final total soluble solids ranged from 3.58 – 4.58, 0.33 – 0.59 %, 4.33 – 10.66 %v/v, 3.35 – 5.65 °Brix respectively. The ash content ranged from 0.20 – 0.50 %. The mean sensory scores for colour, taste, aroma, texture, mouth-feel and general acceptance ranged from 3.28 – 7.96, 4.08 – 6.68, 4.04 – 5.96, 4.16 – 5.32, 4.00 – 5.84 and 4.04 – 6.72 respectively.  The mouthfeel of the pineapple wine samples did not differ significantly (P ≥ .05). Taste and alcohol exhibited significant model (P < .05), and were fitted into regression models. Pineapple has been found suitable for wine production. Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae var cerevisiae concentration of 6 %v/v and total soluble solids of 25 °Brix is suitable for production of pineapple wine and should be adopted.

scholarly journals Rootstocks Impact Vine Performance and Fruit Composition of Grapes in British Columbia

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew G. Reynolds ◽  
Douglas A. Wardle
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Vitis Riparia ◽  
Fruit Composition ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Arid Regions ◽  
Grape Cultivars ◽  
Block Experiment

Nine wine grape cultivars [`Chardonnay', `Gewurztraminer', `Ortega', `Riesling', `De Chaunac', `Marechal Foch', `Okanagan Riesling', `Seyval blanc', and Verdelet'], own rooted or grafted to four rootstocks [`Couderc 3309' (Vitis riparia × V. rupestris); `Kober 5BB' (5BB), `Teleki 5C', and `Selektion Oppenheim 4' (SO4) (V. riparia × V. berlandieri)] were planted into a randomized complete block experiment in 1985. Data were collected on yield components, weight of cane prunings (vine size), and fruit composition between 1989 and 1996. Yield per vine, clusters per vine, cluster weight, and berry weight were not affected by rootstock, but SO4 tended to produce lowest berries per cluster. Lowest vine size was associated with 5BB and own-rooted vines were usually largest; 5BB was also associated with highest crop load (yield to vine size ratio). Own-rooted vines tended to produce berries with lowest percentage soluble solids (%SS) while 5BB led to highest %SS. Titratable acidity was not strongly affected and pH differences between rootstocks were very small. These data suggest that rootstocks may not provide significant advantage over own-rooted vines under conditions found in the arid regions of the Pacific northwestern U.S. and British Columbia.

scholarly journals Use of sodium metasilicate for management of peach brown rot

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizandra Pivotto Pavanello ◽  
Auri Brackmann ◽  
Ivan Francisco Dressler da Costa ◽  
Vanderlei Both ◽  
Vagner Ludwig
Keyword(s):  
Spore Germination ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Sodium Metasilicate ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Total Polyphenol ◽  
Flesh Firmness

ABSTRACT Peach brown rot, caused by the Monilinia fructicola fungus, is the main disease affecting peach crops, and it is mainly controlled via frequent fungicide applications. This study aimed at searching for alternatives to the intensive use of chemicals, evaluating silicon doses to control pre and postharvest peach brown rot and their influence on maturation parameters and fruit quality. Treatments consisted of control (water) and sodium metasilicate doses (2 g L-1, 4 g L-1, 6 g L-1, 8 g L-1 and 10 g L-1 of water). The following assessments were made: spore germination and in vitro mycelial growth, brown rot incidence, soluble solids, titratable acidity, flesh firmness, total polyphenol content and fruit ethylene production and respiration rate. The 2 g L-1 dose reduced spore germination by 95 %. Doses of 6 g L-1 and 8 g L-1 satisfactorily reduced the disease incidence in the field, with 77 % and 89.2 % control, respectively. Sodium metasilicate resulted in the maintenance of great fruit firmness, reduced respiration and ethylene production and increased total polyphenol synthesis, but it did not influence the titratable acidity or soluble solids. Applying 6 g L-1 may potentially control pre and postharvest peach brown rot, besides increasing the total polyphenol synthesis and maintaining a higher flesh firmness.

scholarly journals Yield and fruit quality of apple from conventional and organic production systems

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassandro Vidal Talamini do Amarante ◽  
Cristiano André Steffens ◽  
Álvaro Luiz Mafra ◽  
Jackson Adriano Albuquerque
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Management System ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Solids Content

The objective of this study was to assess the yield and fruit quality of apple produced with a conventional and an organic production systems in Southern Brazil. The orchards consisted of alternate rows from 10 to 12-year old 'Royal Gala' and 'Fuji' apple trees on M.7 rootstocks, grown as slender spindles, on 4x6 m spacing. Eighteen apple trees of each cultivar and management system were randomly selected and assessed for nutrition, flowering, fruit set, yield, and fruit quality during two growing seasons (2002/2003 and 2003/2004). The organic management system resulted in lower concentrations of K, Mg, and N in leaves and fruits, and in smaller fruits for both cultivars, and lower fruit yield for 'Fuji' than from the conventional production system. For both cultivars, fruits from the organic orchard harvested at commercial maturity had a more yellowish skin background color, higher percentage of blush in the fruit skin, higher soluble solids content, higher density, higher flesh firmness, and higher severity of russet than fruits from the conventional orchard. Fruit from the organic orchard had lower titratable acidity in 'Royal Gala', and higher incidence of moldy core and lower incidence of watercore in 'Fuji', than fruit from the conventional orchard. A non-trained sensory panel detected no significant differences for fruit attributes of taste, flavor and texture between fruit from the production systems for either cultivar.

scholarly journals 187 Effect of Nutrient Source on Quality and Yield of Strawberry Grown in Verticillium-infested Soil

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 474D-474
Author(s):  
V. Mitchell ◽  
C. Brooks ◽  
M. Morant
Keyword(s):  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
The Impact

Verticillium albo-atrum, a cosmopolitan pathogen that causes wilt of strawberry, can cause economic losses for growers and increased prices for consumers. This study was conducted in 1998 to assess the impact of organically and inorganically supplied N on fruit yield and quality. `Allstar' (resistant) and `Raritan' (susceptible) varieties of strawberry were planted in V. albo-atrum-infested soil that was amended with poultry compost (organic N) or ammonium nitrate (inorganic N). Fruit quality was assessed as titratable acidity (TA), soluble solids content (SSC) using a refractometer, and reducing sugars concentration using a gas chromatography. Disease incidence was below threshold level and did not affect the results of this study. Plants grown in compost amended plots produced an average of 41 fruit, weighing 354 g, compared to the 34.5 fruit weighing 487 g that were harvested from the inorganically amended plots. TA was not affected by the treatments. Overall, yield of `Raritan' was 40% greater than that of `Allstar'. The SSC of `Allstar' was highest in fruit that were produced in compost-amended soil in contrast to that of `Raritan', which was greatest for plants that were grown in the inorganically amended plots. Fruit grown in the inorganically amended plots generally had a higher concentration of glucose and fructose, but sucrose was found only in fruit from the control plots. Poultry compost may be an alternative source of N for producing strawberries but this needs to be further evaluated because of the slower release of nutrients over time.

scholarly journals IMPROVED DOWNY MILDEW CONTROL IN WINE GRAPES WITH VOSSEN BLUE

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 605d-605
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Fiola ◽  
Gary C. Pavlis
Keyword(s):  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Plasmopara Viticola ◽  
Wine Grapes ◽  
Incidence Data ◽  
Average Cluster ◽  
Grape Cultivars ◽  
Downy Mildew Disease

Downy Mildew, Plasmopara viticola, causes major damage and economic loss to many wine grape cultivars grown in the Northeast. The purpose of the experiment was to test the efficacy of Vossen Blue (VB; iron pigment) in association with fungicides for the control of Downy Mildew disease of wine grapes in New Jersey. The experimental plot was a planting of `Seyval Blanc' (5th leaf). Treatments (applied via back-pack sprayer) included no fungicide (control I), full fungicide (FF) (RCE commercial recs; control II), FF + 4%VB, FF + 8%VB, 8%VB, Half Rate Fungicide (HF) + 4%VB, HF + 8%VB. There were no significant differences between treatments for total yield, average cluster weight, average berry weight, Brix %, and pH. Spectrophotometric (Hunter's Lab) analysis of foliage samples revealed that leaf samples from the VB treatments had greater green color (correlate: increased chlorophyll). Analysis of subjective (1-9) disease incidence data: FF8 significantly lower disease score that FF; FF4, HF4, HF8, and FF no difference. Compared to normal full fungicide: superior Downy Mildew control was achieved by adding VB to full fungicide; equal control was achieved with half fungicide and VB.

scholarly journals Suitability of some mid-season table grape cultivars and types for minimally processed produce

OENO One ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Muharrem Ergun ◽  
Özden Akkaya ◽  
Nazan Ergun
Keyword(s):  
Storage Period ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Table Grape ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Minimally Processed ◽  
Minimal Processing ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Berry Size ◽  
Grape Cultivars

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Aims</strong>: The objectives of this study were to evaluate whether some midseason table grape cultivars and types can be used as minimally processed produce and to investigate the negative effects of minimal processing on the quality of the table grapes.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Methods and results</strong>: Changes in quality losses as defects, weight loss, soluble solids, titratable acidity and pH by minimally processed 13 cultivars and 4 types were recorded during a 10-day storage period at 4 °C. Browning on the stem end was the major defect followed by collapse on the stem end, decay both on the stem end and on the berry surface, and splitting on the berry surface. Big Perlon, Hatun Parmagi and Ribol among the cultivars/types were found be less prone to defects after minimal processing and storing at 4 °C.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Conclusion</strong>: The defects or problems which minimally processed table grapes most likely to face are collapse, browning and decay on the stem end, and splitting and decay on the berry surface. The quality losses in Big Perlon, Hatun Parmagi and Ribol cultivars with a very large berry size were lower than other 14 cultivars/types after 10 days, suggesting that berry size is very important attribute for choosing table grape cultivars as minimally processed produce.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Significance and impact of study</strong>: The study involving 13 cultivars and 4 types with different colored skin, berry sizes and types presents reliable information of suitability of the grapes for fresh-cut produce. Furthermore, the quality assessment used for this study provides a very detailed clarification what kind of problems minimally processed table grapes might face.</p>

scholarly journals Profiling of Physical and Chemical Properties of Mango at Different Ripening Stages

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-126
Author(s):  
MS Islam ◽  
MG Aziz ◽  
MG Mortuza ◽  
MA Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Ripening Stages ◽  
Duration Of Storage ◽  
Chemical Characters

The experiments were carried out to assess the quality of mango at different ripening stages. The two factor experiment was laid out in completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. The experiment comprised four varieties, viz., V1: BAU Aam-1, V2: BAU Aam-6, V3: BAU Aam-7, V4: BAU Aam-8 and five ripening stages. Among the attributes total weight loss, dry matter content, total soluble solids (TSS), sugar content (total, reducing and non-reducing), disease incidence increased, while the moisture, vitamin C contents and titratable acidity decreased with the increase in duration of storage. Among the four varieties, BAU Aam-6 showed better results in relation to the most of the characters examined. Ripening stage-5 of mango fruit was observed to be the best among the five ripening stages in relation to the most of the chemical characters examined. Finally, it can be concluded that the results of this experiment will be useful with particular reference to quality control, preparation for transportation and marketing, and will also be beneficial for both the growers and consumers.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 9(2): 121-126 2016

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF LEAF REMOVAL ON YIELD AND FRUIT QUALITY OF `RIESLING' AND `CHARDONNAY' GRAPES.

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1116d-1116
Author(s):  
Christopher D. Gran ◽  
Rea Jean Lonneman ◽  
Emily E. Hoover
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Leaf Removal ◽  
Grape Cultivar ◽  
Grape Cultivars

Leaf removal has been reported to be beneficial to fruit quality of several grape cultivars. However, climatic conditions, time of leaf removal and genotype have a strong influence on the effect of leaf removal on fruit quality traits, such as soluble solids and titratable acidity. The effect of leaf removal on fruit quality of two vinifera grape cultivar grown in Minnesota was examined in this study. The first six basal leaves were removed from four canes on each vine of `Riesling' and `Chardonnay'. Leaf removal was carried out at two different times after the onset of verasion--early August (8/2) and late August (8/23). Fruit was harvested in late September and yield and fruit quality data were recorded. The results of the 1989 study will be discussed here. Leaf removal did not significantly affect yields obtained from either cultivar, regardless of leaf removal date. Early leaf removal on `Chardonnay' vines resulted in significantly higher soluble solids and significantly lower titratable acidity than that observed for fruit of control or late removal treated vines. Similar results were observed for `Riesling', however the differences were not significant. Data from 1989 and 1990 will he presented and discussed in the talk.

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