scholarly journals Rootstocks Impact Vine Performance and Fruit Composition of Grapes in British Columbia

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew G. Reynolds ◽  
Douglas A. Wardle
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Vitis Riparia ◽  
Fruit Composition ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Arid Regions ◽  
Grape Cultivars ◽  
Block Experiment

Nine wine grape cultivars [`Chardonnay', `Gewurztraminer', `Ortega', `Riesling', `De Chaunac', `Marechal Foch', `Okanagan Riesling', `Seyval blanc', and Verdelet'], own rooted or grafted to four rootstocks [`Couderc 3309' (Vitis riparia × V. rupestris); `Kober 5BB' (5BB), `Teleki 5C', and `Selektion Oppenheim 4' (SO4) (V. riparia × V. berlandieri)] were planted into a randomized complete block experiment in 1985. Data were collected on yield components, weight of cane prunings (vine size), and fruit composition between 1989 and 1996. Yield per vine, clusters per vine, cluster weight, and berry weight were not affected by rootstock, but SO4 tended to produce lowest berries per cluster. Lowest vine size was associated with 5BB and own-rooted vines were usually largest; 5BB was also associated with highest crop load (yield to vine size ratio). Own-rooted vines tended to produce berries with lowest percentage soluble solids (%SS) while 5BB led to highest %SS. Titratable acidity was not strongly affected and pH differences between rootstocks were very small. These data suggest that rootstocks may not provide significant advantage over own-rooted vines under conditions found in the arid regions of the Pacific northwestern U.S. and British Columbia.

scholarly journals Yield and Berry Composition of Cold-climate Grape Cultivars and Advanced Selections in Iowa Climate

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-203
Author(s):  
James A. Schrader ◽  
Diana R. Cochran ◽  
Paul A. Domoto ◽  
Gail R. Nonnecke
Keyword(s):  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Wine Production ◽  
Fruit Composition ◽  
Solids Concentration ◽  
Berry Composition ◽  
Grape Cultivars

Increasing interest in grape (Vitis sp.) and wine production in the upper midwest region of the United States has created a need for science-based information that characterizes the potential of cold-climate cultivars to produce quality grapes with acceptable yields. We evaluated the yield and quality (composition) of grapes from 12 cold-climate, interspecific-hybrid grape cultivars (northern hybrids) grown in a randomized and replicated field plot in central Iowa. The grape trial was planted in 2008, and crop performance of cultivars was evaluated from 2012 through 2017 (yield) and 2014 through 2017 (berry composition). The trial included two established cultivars, five newer cultivars, and five advanced selections. The established cultivars included in the study as controls were Frontenac and St. Croix. The newer cultivars evaluated in this study were Arandell, Corot Noir, La Crescent, Marquette, and Petit Ami, and the advanced selections were MN 1189, MN 1200, MN 1220, MN 1235, and MN 1258. Yield and productivity were characterized by measuring yield per vine, number of clusters per vine, average cluster weight, and pruning weight. The fruit composition indices were soluble solids concentration (SSC), pH, titratable acidity (TA), and sugar:acid ratio (SSC ÷ TA). On the basis of their strong results for both yield and fruit composition measures, ‘Marquette’, MN 1235, and MN 1220 ranked as the top-performing cultivars in Iowa’s climate, followed by Petit Ami and St. Croix. ‘Petit Ami’ had slightly lower yield consistency and slightly lower results for SSC than did the top performing cultivars, and St. Croix had among the highest and most consistent yields of the trial but showed lower results for SSC and sugar:acid ratio than many of the other cultivars. ‘La Crescent’ had midrange yields and high SSC, but the high TA of ‘La Crescent’ fruit resulted in a low sugar:acid ratio at harvest. Two cultivars (MN 1258 and MN 1200) had relatively low yields in Iowa’s climate but achieved good results for composition indices. ‘Frontenac’ had high, consistent yields and achieved high SSC, but the very high TA of ‘Frontenac’ fruit resulted in a very low sugar:acid ratio compared with most other cultivars. The remaining three cultivars (Corot Noir, MN 1189, and Arandell) performed poorly in Iowa’s climate, showing both low yield and undesirable fruit composition indices compared with the other cultivars in the trial. An itemized summary of the relative ratings for yield and fruit composition is provided to aid growers in selection and management of grape cultivars for use in Iowa and other areas of similar climate.

scholarly journals Mechanical pruning and soil organic amendments in vineyards of Syrah: effects on grape composition

OENO One ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 267-277
Author(s):  
Manuel Botelho ◽  
Henrique Ribeiro ◽  
Amândio Cruz ◽  
Daniel F. Duarte ◽  
Diana L. Faria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Amendment ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Positive Relation ◽  
Fruit Composition ◽  
Total Anthocyanins ◽  
Increase In Productivity

Aim: The interaction of mechanized pruning systems and soil organic amendment can increase vine productivity. However, since the increase in productivity may affect grape composition, this study aimed to understand the effects of the interaction between these two practices.Methods and materials: Two field trials were implemented in Shiraz vineyards in two different wine regions. Mechanical hedge pruning was compared with hand spur pruning and four different organic amendments were tested: biochar, municipal solid waste compost, cattle manure and sewage sludge.Results: Mechanical pruning reduced the total soluble solids (TSS) and pH of the grapes, but had no effects on the other variables. Organic amendments also reduced TSS, especially sewage sludge, and tended to reduce total anthocyanins and total phenols. The effect of the interaction between both factors on grape composition was never significant. A negative relationship between yield and TSS was observed, while titratable acidity had no relationship with yield. Total anthocyanins were also negatively related to yield. A positive relation between TSS and total anthocyanins was also observed.Conclusions: The results show that the combination of mechanical pruning and soil organic amendment is a powerful tool for increasing productivity, but it has some effects on grape composition.Significance and impact of study: The reduction in some fruit composition variables showed that, while mechanical pruning does not significantly affect grape composition, the choice of type and amount of organic amendment will depend on the destination of the grapes.

scholarly journals On the Pleistocene Snow-Line Depression in the Arid Regions of the South American Andes

1971 ◽  
Vol 10 (59) ◽  
pp. 255-267
Author(s):  
Stefan L. Hastenrath
Keyword(s):  
Arid Regions ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
Temperate Latitude ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Western Cordillera ◽  
Snow Line ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Arid Regions ◽  
June July

AbstractField observations during a journey through the arid regions of the South American Andes in June-July 1969 are evaluated in conjunction with available air photographs and reports from adjacent regions of the High Andes. Results indicate an increase of the Pleistocene snow-line depression in the western Cordillera from about 700 m at lat. 12° S. to more than 1 500 m at lat. 30° S. The Pleistocene snow-line depression decreases from the Pacific to the Atlantic side of the Andes, but particularly strongly so on the poleward fringe of the arid region. From this geomorphic evidence it is suggested that the atmospheric circulation during the glacial period was characterized by an Equatorward displacement of the boundary between tropical easterlies and temperate-latitude westerlies.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Winegrapes in British Columbia: `Chardonnay' and `Pinot noir' Clones

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 594-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew G. Reynolds ◽  
Margaret Cliff ◽  
Douglas A. Wardle ◽  
Marjorie King
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Pinot Noir ◽  
Fruit Maturation ◽  
Industry Growth ◽  
Heat Units ◽  
Fruit Composition ◽  
Block Experiment

Eighty-five cultivars, selections and clones from European winegrape (Vitis spp.) breeding and selection programs were evaluated between 1993 and 1995 in a randomized complete-block experiment. These included Vitis vinifera clones from France as well as Freiburg, Geisenheim, and Weinsberg, Germany. Small yield and fruit composition differences were found amongst the 'Chardonnay' clones. The standard Prosser clone produced wines with highest earthy aroma and acidity and with lowest perfumy aroma, body and finish; Dijon clones 76 and 96 were most perfumy and least vegetal. `Pinot noir' clones also differed somewhat in terms of yield and fruit composition; `Samtröt', `Gamay Beaujolais', and clone Q1342-01 were amongst the most highly colored clones. These clones also tended to have the most intense berry and currant aromas as well as berry, cherry, and currant flavors. These aforementioned clones appear to be highly adaptable to viticultural regions where low heat units during fruit maturation presently limit industry growth.

scholarly journals 579 Effect of Shoot Positioning, Leaf Removal, Cluster Shading, and Curtain Orientation on Fruit Composition and Primary Bud Cold Hardiness in `Norton/Cynthiana' Grapevines (Vitis aestivalis)

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 546D-546
Author(s):  
Sanliang Gu ◽  
Susanne Howard ◽  
Martin K. Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Skin Pigmentation ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Soluble Solid Content ◽  
Leaf Removal ◽  
Fruit Composition ◽  
Total Titratable Acidity ◽  
Vitis Aestivalis

The effects of shoot positioning, leaf removal, cluster shading, and curtain orientation on fruit composition and primary bud cold hardiness were investigated in mature `Norton/Cynthiana' grapevines (Vitis aestivalis) trained to Geneva double curtain (GDC) trellis system. For four years (1995–1998) juice soluble solids content, total titratable acidity, and pH were not affected shoot positioning. Cluster shading, curtain orientation, and leaf removal affected fruit composition at harvest. Fruit from the south-facing curtain of the GDC trellis system had higher juice soluble solid content, pH, and skin pigmentation than fruit from the north-facing curtain. Cluster shading decreased skin pigmentation while cluster shading at the highest level only (95%) increased pH and decreased total titratable acidity. Leaf removal, which increases light exposure of the fruit, increased juice pH in the 1997 experiment only. Juice potassium level was decreased by shoot positioning, but not cluster shading or curtain orientation. Cold hardiness of primary buds was affected by these treatments early in the winter, but the differences in primary bud cold hardiness among the treatments diminished toward the end of the dormant season.

Physicochemical properties of fruit of 16 saskatoon (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt.) cultivars

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 933-938 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Zatylny ◽  
W. D. Ziehl ◽  
R. G. St-Pierre
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Amelanchier Alnifolia ◽  
Fruit Composition ◽  
Hue Angle ◽  
L Value

Physicochemical properties were assessed for the fruit of 16 saskatoon (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt.) cultivars harvested in 1998–2000 from replicated trials at two sites (Saskatoon and Moonlake, SK). The cultivars included Bluff, Buffalo, Elizabeth (at Saskatoon only), Forestburg, Honeywood, JB30, Martin, Nelson, Northline, PAR 90, Parkhill, Pearson II, Pembina, Smoky, Success, and Thiessen. Fruit weight and total solids, soluble solids, pH, titratable acidity, anthocyanin content, and colour characteristics of the fruit juice extracts were measured. Fruit of Martin, Thiessen and PAR 90 had the highest fruit weights (mean = 1.63 g), and Success and Bluff the lowest (mean = 0.79 g). Total and soluble solids contents ranged among cultivars from 19.9% and 14.0 °Brix, respectively, for JB30, to 27.9% and 20.1 °Brix, respectively, for Pembina. Fruit pH ranged from 3.65 for Nelson to 4.18 for Parkhill and Smoky. Fruit of Nelson had a titratable acidity (0.63%) that was approximately twice that of Success, Pearson II, Forestburg, Honeywood, Smoky and Parkhill. The soluble solids to titratable acidity ratio (SS/TA) differed greatly among cultivars ranging from 27 for JB30 to 55 for Parkhill. The colour characteristics of the fruit juice extracts differed among cultivars in chroma and L values, but not in hue angle. Anthocyanin analysis by HPLC identified four peaks: cyanidin-3-galactoside, cyanidin-3- glucoside and two unknowns. Total fruit anthocyanin content ranged from 414 µg g-1 for Forestburg to 852 µg g-1 for Nelson. Correlations were found between anthocyanin content and fruit pH, titratable acidity, hue angle and L value. Key words: Amelanchier alnifolia, saskatoon, fruit composition, acidity, anthocyanin content

scholarly journals On the Pleistocene Snow-Line Depression in the Arid Regions of the South American Andes

1971 ◽  
Vol 10 (59) ◽  
pp. 255-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan L. Hastenrath
Keyword(s):  
Arid Regions ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
Temperate Latitude ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Western Cordillera ◽  
Snow Line ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Arid Regions ◽  
June July

AbstractField observations during a journey through the arid regions of the South American Andes in June-July 1969 are evaluated in conjunction with available air photographs and reports from adjacent regions of the High Andes. Results indicate an increase of the Pleistocene snow-line depression in the western Cordillera from about 700 m at lat. 12° S. to more than 1 500 m at lat. 30° S. The Pleistocene snow-line depression decreases from the Pacific to the Atlantic side of the Andes, but particularly strongly so on the poleward fringe of the arid region. From this geomorphic evidence it is suggested that the atmospheric circulation during the glacial period was characterized by an Equatorward displacement of the boundary between tropical easterlies and temperate-latitude westerlies.

scholarly journals Suitability of some mid-season table grape cultivars and types for minimally processed produce

OENO One ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Muharrem Ergun ◽  
Özden Akkaya ◽  
Nazan Ergun
Keyword(s):  
Storage Period ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Table Grape ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Minimally Processed ◽  
Minimal Processing ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Berry Size ◽  
Grape Cultivars

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Aims</strong>: The objectives of this study were to evaluate whether some midseason table grape cultivars and types can be used as minimally processed produce and to investigate the negative effects of minimal processing on the quality of the table grapes.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Methods and results</strong>: Changes in quality losses as defects, weight loss, soluble solids, titratable acidity and pH by minimally processed 13 cultivars and 4 types were recorded during a 10-day storage period at 4 °C. Browning on the stem end was the major defect followed by collapse on the stem end, decay both on the stem end and on the berry surface, and splitting on the berry surface. Big Perlon, Hatun Parmagi and Ribol among the cultivars/types were found be less prone to defects after minimal processing and storing at 4 °C.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Conclusion</strong>: The defects or problems which minimally processed table grapes most likely to face are collapse, browning and decay on the stem end, and splitting and decay on the berry surface. The quality losses in Big Perlon, Hatun Parmagi and Ribol cultivars with a very large berry size were lower than other 14 cultivars/types after 10 days, suggesting that berry size is very important attribute for choosing table grape cultivars as minimally processed produce.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Significance and impact of study</strong>: The study involving 13 cultivars and 4 types with different colored skin, berry sizes and types presents reliable information of suitability of the grapes for fresh-cut produce. Furthermore, the quality assessment used for this study provides a very detailed clarification what kind of problems minimally processed table grapes might face.</p>

THE EFFECT OF NPK FERTILIZATION ON ELEMENT UPTAKE, YIELD AND FRUIT COMPOSITION OF FOCH GRAPES IN BRITISH COLUMBIA

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 511-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. NEILSEN ◽  
D. S. STEVENSON ◽  
A. GEHRINGER
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
P Fertilization ◽  
Fruit Composition ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
K Fertilization ◽  
Npk Fertilization

Irrigated French-American hybrid Foch grapevines planted in 1979 on a sandy loam soil were fertilized in narrow in-row strips with rates of N of 50, 150 and 300 kg ha−1 yr−1, rates of P of 0 or 90 kg ha−1 yr−1, and rates of K of 0 or 500 kg ha−1 yr−1; each rate combined with the others to form 12 NPK treatments from 1980 through 1985. Petiole N, P and K concentrations were increased by their respective fertilizer additions. Nitrogen fertilization also consistently increased cluster weight and yield in two of the four harvests although petiole Ca, Mg and Zn were decreased at the 150- and 300-kg rates of N fertilization. Yield per vine was increased in the first fruiting year by P fertilization, although subsequent yield and petiole Ca, Mg and Zn were unaffected. No yield response to K fertilization was observed but petiole Mg was decreased in all 5 yr and petiole Ca in 3 yr as a consequence of K fertilization. In general, soluble solids and titratable acidity in the fruit were not consistently affected by NPK fertilization although juice pH was increased in 2 of 3 yr at the highest rates of N and K fertilization and in 1 yr at the highest rate of P fertilization.Key words: NPK, Foch grapes, yield, fruit composition

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF LEAF REMOVAL ON YIELD AND FRUIT QUALITY OF `RIESLING' AND `CHARDONNAY' GRAPES.

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1116d-1116
Author(s):  
Christopher D. Gran ◽  
Rea Jean Lonneman ◽  
Emily E. Hoover
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Leaf Removal ◽  
Grape Cultivar ◽  
Grape Cultivars

Leaf removal has been reported to be beneficial to fruit quality of several grape cultivars. However, climatic conditions, time of leaf removal and genotype have a strong influence on the effect of leaf removal on fruit quality traits, such as soluble solids and titratable acidity. The effect of leaf removal on fruit quality of two vinifera grape cultivar grown in Minnesota was examined in this study. The first six basal leaves were removed from four canes on each vine of `Riesling' and `Chardonnay'. Leaf removal was carried out at two different times after the onset of verasion--early August (8/2) and late August (8/23). Fruit was harvested in late September and yield and fruit quality data were recorded. The results of the 1989 study will be discussed here. Leaf removal did not significantly affect yields obtained from either cultivar, regardless of leaf removal date. Early leaf removal on `Chardonnay' vines resulted in significantly higher soluble solids and significantly lower titratable acidity than that observed for fruit of control or late removal treated vines. Similar results were observed for `Riesling', however the differences were not significant. Data from 1989 and 1990 will he presented and discussed in the talk.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document