scholarly journals Leachate Electrical Conductivity and Growth of Potted Poinsettia with Leaching Fractions of 0 to 0.4

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (5) ◽  
pp. 802-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine S.M. Ku ◽  
David R. Hershey
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Euphorbia Pulcherrima ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Leaching Fraction ◽  
Fresh And Dry Mass ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Saturated Medium

Poinsettias (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzsch `V-14 Glory') were grown in a greenhouse for 70 days in 1.3 liters of medium (13 cm deep in 15-cm pots) with a leaching fraction (LF) of ≈ 0, 0.1, 0.2, or 0.4. Plants were fertigated with 300 mg N/liter from 20 N-4.4P-16.6K. The electrical conductivity (EC) of the fertigation solution was 2.1 dS·m-1. The leachate EC increased from 2 dS·m-1 initially to plateaus of ≈ 6, 9, and 15 dS·m-1 for LFs of 0.4, 0.2, and 0.1, respectively. Poinsettia height, shoot fresh and dry mass, and leaf and bract areas were not significantly different among the LF treatments. Leachate pH decreased from 6.1 initially to 5.1 at the end, but there was no significant difference among the LF treatments. The EC of a saturated medium extract (ECe) was between 17% and 48% higher in the lower third of the medium than in the middle third. The difference was greater with a lower LF. The EC, was 8.9, 7.3, 5.2, and 3.4 dS·m-1 in the lower third of the pot for a LF of 0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4, respectively. Under conditions of this study, container poinsettias required no leaching.

scholarly journals Preplant Superphosphate Amendment and Leaching Fraction on Growth of Potted Poinsettia

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 858G-858
Author(s):  
Catherine S.M. Ku
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Euphorbia Pulcherrima ◽  
Single Superphosphate ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Leaching Fraction ◽  
Potential Strategy ◽  
P Leaching ◽  
Total P

Earlier study indicates that greenhouse crop production may be an overlooked point source of P pollution. A potential strategy to reduce P leaching may be to eliminate superphosphate amendment in soilless medium. Single-pinched `Amy' poinsettias (Euphorbia pulcherrima) in 15-cm pots were grown in a soilless medium of 3 peat: 1 perlite: 1 vermiculite (by volume). A treatment combination of preplant, finely ground, single superphosphate (SSP) (0N–8.8P–0K) amendment at 0 or 172 mg/pot and leaching fractions (LFs) of 0 and 0.2 were evaluated in a completely randomized design during a 10.5-week study. Plants received constant liquid fertigation with 7.8 mg P/liter and 210 mg N/liter from modified Hoagland solution #1. The total P applied via fertigation ranged from ≈38 mg at 0 LF to ≈50 mg at 0.2 LF. The leachate P concentration ranged from 4 mg/liter to 38 mg/liter. There was no significant difference in yield due to SSP and LF. Across all treatments, mean fresh mass was 36 g, mean dry mass was 5.9 g, mean leaf area was 980 cm2, and mean bract area was 1900 cm2.

scholarly journals Determining Trafficked Areas Using Soil Electrical Conductivity – A Pilot Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Jana Galambošová ◽  
Miroslav Macák ◽  
Vladimír Rataj ◽  
Marek Barát ◽  
Paula Misiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Average Moisture Content ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Soil Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Proximal Sensing ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Silty Clay Soil ◽  
Block Experiment

AbstractIncrease in machinery size and its random traffic at fields cause soil compaction resulting in damage of soil structure and degradation of soil functions. Nowadays, rapid methods to detect soil compaction at fields are of high interest, especially proximal sensing methods such as electrical conductivity measurements. The aim of this work was to investigate whether electromagnetic induction (EMI) could be used to determine trafficked areas in silty clay soil. Results of randomized block experiment showed a high significant difference (p <0.01) in EMI data measured between compacted and non-compacted areas. EMI readings from compacted areas were, on average, 11% (shallow range) and 9% (deep range) higher than non-compacted areas, respectively. This difference was determined in both shallow and deep measuring ranges, indicating that the difference in soil compaction was detected in both topsoil and subsoil. Furthermore, the data was found to have a significant spatial variability, suggesting that, in order to detect the increase in EMI (which shows the increase in soil compaction), data within close surrounding area should be included in the analyses. Correlation coefficient of EMI and penetration resistance (average moisture content 32.5% and 30.8% for topsoil and subsoil) was found to be 0.66.

Characterizing Slug/Churn Flow Using Wire Mesh Sensor

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Parsi ◽  
R. E. Vieira ◽  
C. F. Torres ◽  
N. R. Kesana ◽  
B. S. McLaury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Flow Structure ◽  
Void Fraction ◽  
Methyl Cellulose ◽  
Separation Distance ◽  
Wire Mesh ◽  
Water Conductivity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Churn Flow

A wire mesh sensor (WMS) is a device used to investigate multi-phase flows. The WMS measures the instantaneous local electrical conductivity of multiphase flows at different measuring points. There is a significant difference in the electrical conductivity of the employed fluids (in this work air and water, conductivity of water is much higher than that of air). Using the difference in the electrical conductivity, the WMS provides the local void fraction. The WMS utilized in this work includes two identical planes of parallel 16×16 grid of wires. The separation distance between these two planes is 32 mm. The WMS was installed in a 76.2 mm (3-inch) diameter vertical pipe to extract information such as void fraction distribution, structure velocity, and slug/churn flow structure. The superficial gas (air) velocity (VSG) ranged from 10 to 38.4 m/s. Liquid (water) superficial velocities (VSL) of 0.30, 0.46, 0.61 and 0.76 m/s were employed. To study the effects of viscosity on the slug/churn flow structure, Carboxyl Methyl Cellulose (CMC) was added to water to increase the liquid viscosity without altering its density. Each experiment was performed for 60 seconds. An operation frequency for the WMS of 10 kHz (totaling 600,000 frames of void fraction measurement per experiment) was used for all experiments.

scholarly journals Vegetative Performance of Two Cultivars and Four Hybrids of Pineapple in Côte d’Ivoire

2021 ◽  
pp. 282-288
Author(s):  
N’guetta Adélaïde ◽  
Aby N’goran ◽  
Koffi Kouamé Cyrille Germain ◽  
Atsin Guy Joël Olivier ◽  
Traoré Siaka
Keyword(s):  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
International Market ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Fresh Mass ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fresh And Dry Mass

Since the early 2000s, pineapple from Côte d’Ivoire has suffered a discount in its marketing due to the heterogeneity of the quality of its fruit and the arrival of MD2 on the international market. In order to help pineapple from Côte d'Ivoire once again win back the international market, Ananas comosus hybrids with an early natural coloring have been developed at the CNRA. The agronomic performances of these hybrids were tested at the research station of Anguédédou. Vegetative characteristics such as plant fresh mass, stem fresh and dry mass, number of leaves generated and leaf D fresh mass of these hybrids H1, H2, H3 and H4 were compared to those of cultivars Smooth Cayenne and MD2 at 2, 4 and 6 months. The results obtained showed no statistically significant difference in plant mass between hybrid H4 (2675 g) and cultivars MD2 (2645 g) and Smooth Cayenne (2763 g) after 6 months of planting. The fresh and dry mass of the stems of these three varieties were also statistically identical. Hybrid H4 leaf D fresh mass was very low (55 g) at six months of planting compared to the two cultivars (73 g each). Hybrids H2 and H3 at this same period gave leaf masses of over 80 g. Regarding the characteristics assessed, hybrids H4 and H3 had much more conformity with cultivars Smooth Cayenne and MD2.

scholarly journals Medium Nutrient Extraction with the Pour-through and Saturated Medium Extract Procedures for Poinsettia

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 658-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Wright ◽  
Kevin L. Grueber ◽  
Carol Leda
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Euphorbia Pulcherrima ◽  
Plant Nutrient ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Nutrient Levels ◽  
Nutrient Extraction ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Saturated Medium

The relationship between medium nutrient levels extracted with the pour-through (PT) and the saturated medium extract (SME) procedures was investigated. These procedures were used as indicators of plant nutrient uptake and growth of poinsettia, Euphorbia pulcherrima Wind. ex. Klotzch. The medium nutrient levels and electrical conductivity associated with optimal plant growth were about two times greater for PT than for SME. The pH values were similar for both procedures. Regression analysis of the relationship between applied and extracted nutrient levels gave higher R2 values for the SME, although the relationship for PT was acceptable. Both procedures provided an acceptable and similar correlation between the level of NO3-N extracted and the level of N absorbed by the plants. The results demonstrate the utility of both PT and SME as indicators of the nutritional status of a greenhouse medium.

scholarly journals Rooting Performance of Hydrangea Cutting Types in Propagation Media Containing Coal Bottom Ash

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 476F-477
Author(s):  
Dharmalingam S. Pitchay ◽  
Bradford C. Bearce
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Coal Bottom Ash ◽  
Root Numbers ◽  
Hydrangea Macrophylla ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Propagation Media

Rooting performance was evaluated for three different hydrangea (Hydrangea macrophylla Thunb. `Blaumeise Lace Cap') cutting types in propagation media containing peat:sand amended with 0%, 25%, 50%, and 100% coal bottom ash (CBA) sieved through 2-mm mesh. Electrical conductivity (EC) values of all media were in acceptably low ranges, whereas pH was suboptimal in all but 100% CBA, ranging from 3.8 to 4.6 vs. 6.0 to 6.75 for 100% CBA. Available Ca was significantly higher at up to 189 mg·kg–1 in the 100% CBA. Rooted cuttings were analyzed for root counts and dry mass. Terminal tip cuttings produced 96.1 mean roots/stem compared to butterfly cuttings (76.4) and single-eye cuttings (60.7), and there was no significant difference in root dry mass among the different cutting types. Propagation media containing 50% CBA produced greater numbers of roots/stem (99.89 and 89.59, respectively). The dry mass of roots/stem was significantly higher in media with 100% CBA. Root numbers per cutting were higher in terminal tip cuttings grown in 50% and 100% CBA and butterfly cuttings in 50% CBA. On the other hand, dry mass per cutting was higher in 100% CBA as compared to the rest, except for the terminal tip and butterfly cuttings in 50% CBA. The higher pH and Ca concentration may be factors causing the better rooting performance in 100% CBA.

scholarly journals Leachate Electrical Conductivity and Growth of Potted Geranium with Leaching Fractions of 0 to 0.4

1992 ◽  
Vol 117 (6) ◽  
pp. 893-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine S.M. Ku ◽  
David R. Hershey
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Fresh Mass ◽  
Growing Medium ◽  
Bulk Volume ◽  
Upper Third ◽  
Saturated Medium ◽  
Pot Plants

Geraniums (Pelargonium × hortorum L.H. Bailey `Yours Truly') were grown in a glasshouse from 15 Mar. to 9 May as single pinched plants in a growing medium with a bulk volume of 1.3 liters per 15cm diameter standard plastic pot. Plants received constant fertigation with N at 300 mg·liter-1 from 20N-4.4P-16.6K with leaching fractions (LFs) of ≈ 0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4. The LF is the volume of solution leached from the container divided by the volume of solution applied to the container. There were 24 irrigations during the study. Plants with LFs of 0.2 and 0.4 had 46% larger leaf area, 40% more shoot fresh mass, and 37% more shoot dry mass than plants with LFs of 0 and 0.1. By week 5, the leachate electrical conductivity (EC) at 25C for LFs of 0.1,0.2, and 0.4 had increased from ≈ 3 dS·m-1 initially to 12, 8, and 4 dS·m-1, respectively. At harvest, the EC of a saturated medium extract (ECe) was 7, 4, 3, and 2 dS·m-1 for LFs of 0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4, respectively. At harvest, medium EC, with LFs of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 was 47% 68%, and 60% less in the lower two-thirds of the pot than in the upper third. With a LF of 0, the medium EC, was `not lower in the bottom of the pot. With fertigation N at 300 mg·liter-1, minimizing the LF substantially reduced growth of container-produced geraniums. In addition to specifying LF, the number of container capacities leached per week, termed the leaching intensity (LI), should be calculated for container leaching studies. In two studies, the LFs may be the same yet the LIs can be very different.

scholarly journals Emergence and development of Dianthus chinensis and Limonium sinuatum seedlings on commercial substrate

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e04101119143
Author(s):  
Talita de Oliveira São José ◽  
Patrick Luan Ferreira dos Santos ◽  
Maximiliano Kawahata Pagliarini ◽  
Raíssa Pereira Dinalli Gazola ◽  
Regina Maria Monteiro de Castilho
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Expanded Polystyrene ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
State University ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Fresh And Dry Mass

Limonium sinuatum and Dianthus chinensis are plant species of great importance in Brazilian floriculture, being propagated by seed, therefore, the characteristics of the substrates used are respectable in seedlings emergence and development process. Thus, the objective of this research was to evaluate the influence of two commercial substrates on emergence and development of Limonium sinuatum and Dianthus chinensis seedlings. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse (Pad & Fan type) at São Paulo State University. The treatments were: T1 – Basaplant® and T2 – Tropstrato®, for both species, whose seeds were germinated in expanded polystyrene trays of 128 cells, being eight replicates, containing 8 seeds/replicate. The evaluated traits were: percentage of emergence, emergence speed index, mean emergence time, shoot height, root length and seedlings fresh and dry mass. The substrate characteristics evaluated were: pH, electrical conductivity, macroporosity, microporosity, total porosity, density and water retention capacity. The experimental design was completely randomized, and data were submitted to analysis of variance to Tukey test at 5% to compare the means. The emergence of Limonium sinuatum and Dianthus chinensis were impaired, possibly due to low electrical conductivity provided by substrates. However, Basaplant® substrate favoured the development of evaluated species in relation to aerial part length, root length and total fresh and dry mass, which is recommended for using as substrate for both species.

scholarly journals Leaching of 2,4-d and atrazine herbicides in red-yellow latosol

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
S. P. Andrade ◽  
S. A. C. M. Arantes ◽  
E. A. Andrade ◽  
C. S. Pereira ◽  
M. Franceschi
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Indicator Plant ◽  
Leaching Potential ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Intensive Use ◽  
Accumulated Rainfall ◽  
The Difference

The intensive use of herbicides has increased the possibility of environmental contamination and the accumulation of pesticide residues in soil and water. This work aimed to evaluate the leaching potential of 2,4-D and atrazine herbicides in red yellow Latosol with a clayey texture. The experimental design was entirely randomized, in factorial 5x3 (five doses of each herbicide for three soil depths). The doses used were 1.25, 2.50, 6.25 and 12.50 L ha-1 for the 2.4-D herbicide and 2.25, 4.50, 11.25 and 22.50 L ha-1 for the atrazine herbicide (plus absolute witnesses). The herbicides were applied in buried pvc tubes to the soil and after accumulated rainfall of 87 mm, cucumber was grown as a bio indicator plant. The plant phytotoxicity, plant height, dry mass accumulation and leaf area where the evaluations were performed at 21 days after the sowing of the cucumber were analyzed. The 2.4-D herbicide didn`t present significant difference between treatments for the plant phytotoxicity variable, however, there was difference between treatments for plant height and dry mass. For leaf area, the difference was observed only for soil depths. Atrazine herbicide also showed no difference between treatments for plant phytotoxicity, but there was a difference between treatments and soil depths for the other variables. Under the conditions evaluated, 2,4-D and atrazine herbicides can leach into clayey soil regardless of the dose used and can reach up to 30 cm depth.

scholarly journals Sources and dosages of Nitrogen applied with urea coated with polymers in Marandu Palisade Grass

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fábio Janoni Carvalho ◽  
Renata Bernardes Elias ◽  
Adriane De Andrade Silva ◽  
Thiago Souza Campos
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fresh And Dry Mass

Nitrogen is one of the most important nutrients for the production of forage grasses, and the most expensive one. The scope of this research was to evaluate the application of four sources of urea (conventional and coated with polymers) under different dosages, in mass production and nitrogencontent and absorption from two cuts of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu. The experiment was conducted at a greenhouse in a randomized block design. The fertilizers used were conventional urea, urea covered with a polymer layer, urea covered with sulfur and urea covered with a boron and copper compound. The dosages used were 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg ha-1 of nitrogen. Fresh and dry mass, root weight and nitrogen content from first and second harvest were evaluated. On the first harvest, there was no significant difference between the treatments for the variables analyzed. On the other hand, second harvest presented difference in fresh and dry mass and nitrogen content. Regression analyses showed a linear increase with all fertilizers used, but this growth was more accentuated for the polymerized fonts. All polymerized ureas allowed higher mass production for Marandu palisadegrass, at tillering and second cut. Foliar nitrogen availability of polymerized ureas did not differ from conventional urea, being recommended to reach pastures with higher quality and productions and to decrease nitrogen losses on the system.Keywords: Brachiaria brizantha. Stabilization technologies. Sulfur polymer.

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