scholarly journals Flower Production, Fruit Set, and Physiology of Bell Pepper during Elevated Temperature and Vapor Pressure Deficit

2001 ◽  
Vol 126 (6) ◽  
pp. 697-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ami N. Erickson ◽  
Albert H. Markhart
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Flower Production

High temperature reduces fruit set in bell pepper [Capsicum annuum L. var. annuum (Grossum Group)], and reduction of pepper productivity, resulting from high temperature, may be a direct effect of temperature or an indirect effect of water stress induced by increased vapor pressure deficits (VPDs) at high temperature. We evaluated responses of plant growth, reproduction, net photosynthesis (PN), chlorophyll fluorescence, predawn respiration, leaf water potential, and stomatal conductance of `Ace' and `Bell Boy' bell pepper to elevated temperature (33 °C) with increased VPD (2.1 kPa) or elevated temperature with no increase in VPD (1.1 kPa). VPD had no effect on flower number or fruit set and did not adversely influence the physiological processes measured. Therefore, deleterious effects of high temperature on pepper fruit set does not appear to be temperature induced water stress, but is more likely a direct temperature response. Elevated temperature decreased fruit set but not flower production. Gas exchange measurements suggest failure to set fruit was not due to reduced leaf photosynthesis.

The effect of high temperature regimes or short periods of water stress on development of small fruiting saltana vines

1965 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 817 ◽  
Author(s):  
D McEAlexander
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Applied Water ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Controlled Environments ◽  
Maximum Temperatures

Poor fruit set of sultanas in the Murray Valley is sometimes attributed to excessively high temperatures around flowering time. Experiments with small fruiting sultana vines in pots suggest that water stress is the more important factor. Fruit set was significantly less when a 3-day period of water stress was imposed at flowering or 1, 2, or 4 weeks after flowering, but not when it was imposed 6 weeks after flowering. Three days with maximum temperatures above 45°C at or 1 week after flowering did not reduce fruit set when ample water was supplied. When controlled environments combining day temperatures between 21 and 30°C with night temperatures between 19 and 25° were used, no significant differences in fruit set were found, although shoot growth increased with increasing night temperature. Shoot elongation slowed down during periods of applied water stress but recovered, when the stress was ended, to a rate greater than that of plants which had not been stressed.

Hyperthermia stimulates energy-proteasome-dependent protein degradation in cultured myotubes

2000 ◽  
Vol 278 (3) ◽  
pp. R749-R756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang-Ju Luo ◽  
Xiaoyan Sun ◽  
Per-Olof Hasselgren
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Protein Degradation ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Maximal Effect ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
L6 Myotubes ◽  
Proteolytic Pathways

Previous studies suggest that elevated temperature stimulates protein degradation in skeletal muscle, but the intracellular mechanisms are not fully understood. We tested the role of different proteolytic pathways in temperature-dependent degradation of long- and short-lived proteins in cultured L6 myotubes. When cells were cultured at different temperatures from 37 to 43°C, the degradation of both classes of proteins increased, with a maximal effect noted at 41°C. The effect of high temperature was more pronounced on long-lived than on short-lived protein degradation. By using blockers of individual proteolytic pathways, we found evidence that the increased degradation of both long-lived and short-lived proteins at high temperature was independent of lysosomal and calcium-mediated mechanisms but reflected energy-proteasome-dependent degradation. mRNA levels for enzymes and other components of different proteolytic pathways were not influenced by high temperature. The results suggest that hyperthermia stimulates the degradation of muscle proteins and that this effect of temperature is regulated by similar mechanisms for short- and long-lived proteins. Elevated temperature may contribute to the catabolic response in skeletal muscle typically seen in sepsis and severe infection.

The effect of temperature on kernel development in cereals

1978 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 205 ◽  
Author(s):  
SI Chowdhury ◽  
IF Wardlaw
Keyword(s):  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Kernel Development ◽  
Preliminary Examination ◽  
Small Change

A study has been made of the effect of temperature on kernel development and mature kernel weight of three contrasting cereals: wheat, rice and sorghum. Wheat and sorghum showed clear and well-separated optimum temperatures for individual kernel dry weights of 15/10° and 27/22°C respectively, while rice showed a relatively small change in weight over temperatures ranging from 21/16° to 30/25°. Rice kernel development was less affected by temperature extremes than sorghum, but was more sensitive to low temperature than wheat. At the lower temperatures (21/16°) the rate of development of individual kernels was greater in wheat than in the other species, while in sorghum, which had a more marked temperature response, the rate of kernel development was greater than in the other cereals at the higher temperatures (30/25°). A preliminary analysis of barley suggests that kernel development in this cereal responds to temperature in a similar way to wheat. Measurements of net photosynthesis of the flag leaf blade and ear of each cereal, at intervals after anthesis, suggested that at the completion of kernel development a source of carbohydrate was still available for continued development at all temperatures. A preliminary examination was carried out on the role of respiration and of translocation in limiting kernel development at high temperatures.

The Effect of Temperature on the Infrared Spectra of a Polyimide

1988 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randy W. Snyder ◽  
C. Wade Sheen ◽  
Paul C. Painter
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Excited States ◽  
Infrared Spectra ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Correction Factors ◽  
Band Position ◽  
Intensity Changes ◽  
Peak Areas

The effect of high temperature on the infrared spectra of fully cured PMDA/ODA polyimide is discussed. Changes in some bands can be explained by Boltzmann effects on the distribution of excited states. Other bands, in particular the 1780-cm−1 band that is often used for cure measurements, change in ways that cannot be related to Boltzmann's equation. These band position and intensity changes are explained as configurational changes occurring during heating. Determination of correction factors for integrated peak areas from spectra taken at elevated temperature are discussed.

Microstructural characterization of a rapidly solidified Al-Fe-V-Si alloy for elevated temperature applications

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 550-551
Author(s):  
R. E. Franck ◽  
J. A. Hawk ◽  
G. J. Shiflet
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Microstructural Stability ◽  
Elevated Temperature Strength ◽  
Temperature Applications

Rapid solidification processing (RSP) is one method of producing high strength aluminum alloys for elevated temperature applications. Allied-Signal, Inc. has produced an Al-12.4 Fe-1.2 V-2.3 Si (composition in wt pct) alloy which possesses good microstructural stability up to 425°C. This alloy contains a high volume fraction (37 v/o) of fine nearly spherical, α-Al12(Fe, V)3Si dispersoids. The improved elevated temperature strength and stability of this alloy is due to the slower dispersoid coarsening rate of the silicide particles. Additionally, the high v/o of second phase particles should inhibit recrystallization and grain growth, and thus reduce any loss in strength due to long term, high temperature annealing.The focus of this research is to investigate microstructural changes induced by long term, high temperature static annealing heat-treatments. Annealing treatments for up to 1000 hours were carried out on this alloy at 500°C, 550°C and 600°C. Particle coarsening and/or recrystallization and grain growth would be accelerated in these temperature regimes.

UDIMET 41

Alloy Digest ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Precipitation Hardening ◽  
Base Alloy ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Nickel Base Alloy ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Nickel Base ◽  
Corrosion And Oxidation

Abstract UDIMET 41 is a vacuum induction melted precipitation hardening nickel-base alloy having outstanding room and elevated temperature properties. It possesses excellent corrosion and oxidation resistance. It is designed for highly stressed components operating in the 1400-1700 deg F temperature range. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as creep. It also includes information on low and high temperature performance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Ni-92. Producer or source: Special Metals Inc..

MO-RE 40MA

Alloy Digest ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Oxidation Resistance ◽  
Creep Strength ◽  
Heat Resistant Alloy ◽  
Resistant Alloy ◽  
Heat Resistant ◽  
Temperature Performance

Abstract MO-RE 40MA is a fully austenitic heat-resistant alloy for elevated temperature applications. The alloy is microalloyed for creep strength and oxidation resistance. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, and tensile properties as well as creep. It also includes information on high temperature performance. Filing Code: Ni-548. Producer or source: Duraloy Technologies Inc.

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