scholarly journals Self-incompatibility in the Chilean Endemic Genus Leucocoryne Lindley

2004 ◽  
Vol 129 (6) ◽  
pp. 836-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Mansur ◽  
M. Gonzalez ◽  
I. Rojas ◽  
P. Salas
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Reproductive Behavior ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Ornamental Plant ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Genetic Incompatibility ◽  
Number Of Seeds

The Chilean genus Leucocoryne has exceptional qualities as an ornamental plant that is being developed through breeding. Little is known about the origin of its genetic variation for flower phenotype. Our hypothesis is that, despite having a perfect flower, Leucocoryne has an outbreeding behavior due to self-incompatibility. Greenhouse studies were conducted to study self-incompatibility. In 2000, one species L. purpurea Gay. and two distinct populations Leucocoryne sp. Pichicuy and Leucocoryne sp. Chigualoco were used, whereas in 2001, L. coquimbensis F. Phil. and Leucocoryne sp. Alcones and Leucocoryne sp. Talinay were added. Field studies were carried out in 2001 at La Campana (lat. 29°S, Valparaíso Region, Chile) and Bosque de Fray Jorge (lat. 33°S, Coquimbo Region, Chile) National Parks with L. ixioides Lindley and L. purpurea, respectively. The index of self-genetic incompatibility (ISI) was measured as the average number of seeds per fruit produced by self-pollination divided by the average number of seeds per fruit produced from cross-pollination. The average ISI values for 2000 and 2001 were 0.08 and 0.06, respectively, meaning that Leucocoryne is largely self-incompatible. In the field seed set was compared between flowers that were isolated from insects and those that were not. None of the isolated flowers produced seeds, instead nonisolated flowers produced an average of 29 seeds per fruit at La Campana and 56 at Bosque de Fray Jorge. Leucocoryne's self-incompatibility and outcrossing behavior plus its capacity to fix any genotype via asexual reproduction, most likely contribute to its large variation for flower color, shape, size, design, and aroma. Due to Leucocoryne's reproductive behavior it would be difficult to breed for homozygous inbreds and pure hybrid cultivars

scholarly journals (239) Evaluation of Self-compatibility in Clethra alnifolia

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1040C-1040
Author(s):  
Sandra M. Reed
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Behavior ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Incompatibility System ◽  
Self Compatibility ◽  
Deciduous Shrub

Clethra alnifolia, which is commonly known as summersweet, is an attractive deciduous shrub that produces fragrant flower in mid-summer. Breeding efforts are hampered by a lack of information on the reproductive behavior of this native species. The objective of this study was to evaluate self-compatibility in C. alnifolia. Pollen germination and pollen tube growth in styles were examined following self- and cross-pollinations using fluorescence microscopy. Seed set and germination were compared following self- and cross-pollinations. While self-pollen tubes appeared to grow slightly slower than cross-pollen tubes, there was no indication of a self-incompatibility system acting at the stigmatic or stylar level in C. alnifolia. Self-pollinations of `Hummingbird' and `Ruby Spice' produced fewer seeds than did cross-pollinations of these cultivars. Germination of all seed obtained from this study was too poor to allow a comparison of germination rates of the self- and cross-pollinated seed. However, because a few self-progeny were obtained, emasculation is recommended when making controlled pollinations. The presence of a late-acting self-incompatibility system or early acting inbreeding depression was proposed as being responsible for the lower seed set following self-pollination.

scholarly journals Self-incompatibility in ryegrass VI. Self seed-set and incompatibility genotype in Lolium perenne L

Heredity ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
C H Fearon ◽  
M D Hayward ◽  
M J Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Lolium Perenne L

scholarly journals Mushrooms of Grand Teton National Park

1983 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 59-71
Author(s):  
Kent McKnight ◽  
Kimball Harper ◽  
Karl McKnight
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
National Park ◽  
Annual Report ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Site Quality ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Quantitative Estimates

The primary overall objective of inventorying the macrofungi growing in and around Grand Teton and Yellowstone National Parks was partially achieved with the published checklist (McKnight 1982) and additions from the 1982 Research Center Annual Report (McKnight, Harper, & McKnight 1984). The intensive collecting of the 1982 fruiting season including a 12-week phenological study at 11 selected sites left many species unidentified and numerous others observed but not collected, or with inadequately annotated collections made. Litter and soil moisture data for the 11 study stands are also given in the 1982 annual report cited above, as well as data on 15 overstory and understory vegetation and soil parameters. Field studies in the Parks during the summer of 1983 concentrated on (1) identification of chlorophyllous and vascular plants at the 11 sites selected for concentrated study in 1982; (2) quantitative estimates of chlorophyllous plant cover and height; (3) estimates of site quality; (4) collections of composite soil samples; and (5) additional records of macrofungi for the Parks with supporting data in the form of photographs, drawings, and annotations.

scholarly journals Influence of bee pollination on quality and quantity of onion (Allium cepa L.) seed

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-204
Author(s):  
Subhash B. Kandakoor ◽  
Jitendra Kumar S. Hilli
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Major Contributor ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Bee Pollination ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Bee Colonies ◽  
Number Of Seeds

The activity of bees pollination in onion was observed throughout the day. Numerically maximum activity was observed during afternoon hours (12.00 to 2.00 PM) with 7.00 numbers in rock bee, 5.40 in Indian bees, 11.60 in little bees and 7.80 in case of dammer be, respectively. Among the four species of bees, little bees were more in entire day with highest of 111.60 bees/10 inflorescence/ minute followed by dammer bee with 9.40 bees/10 inflorescence/ minute, Among the bees major contributor was little bee, this may be due to more colonies of little bees in that area and destruction of rock bee colonies. Also, the bee acitivty was observed maximum number at 100 per cent flowering stage. The observations on number of seeds per umbel, 1000 seed weight and per cent germination under the laboratory conditions. The results clearly indicated that, maximum number of seeds per umbel was observed in open pollinated flowers with 339.30 ± 60.27 seeds per umber where all the four species of bees were made visits regularly followed by in case of pollination in mesh cloth cage with bees with 330.00±35.80 and very least number of seed set was observed in case of pollination in mesh cloth cage without bees with only 60.70 seeds/umbel. Similarly, 1000 seed weight also differed significantly in case of pollination with bees and without bees. In case of with bees it weighed around 3.37 g/1000 seeds followed by 3.10 g/1000 seeds in onion with bee cage and least in case of control with only 1.97 g/1000 seeds.

Genetic variation within species and haplotypes of the Wiseana (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae) complex and development of non-sequenced based identification tools to aid field studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (11) ◽  
pp. 2334-2344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola K Richards ◽  
Sarah Mansfield ◽  
Richard J Townsend ◽  
Colin M Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Field Studies

Electrophoretic evidence supporting self-incompatibility in Lotus corniculatus

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 712-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirley Dobrofsky ◽  
W. F. Grant
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Protein Subunits ◽  
Self Pollination

Self-incompatibility, a prefertilization event, and self-sterility, a postfertilization event, have both been suggested as causes for differences in seed set between cross- and self-pollinated florets in Lotus corniculatus L. Ovary protein subunits of selfed, crossed, and unpollinated florets of L. corniculatus cv. Mirabel were studied using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Banding patterns differed for all three conditions. Ovary protein differences were found prior to the time fertilization is known to occur, thereby providing evidence that self-incompatibility is at least partially responsible for the reduced seed set after self-pollination.

Mating system and cross-compatibility of races of Epacris impressa

1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 131 ◽  
Author(s):  
YJ Fripp
Keyword(s):  
Mating System ◽  
Hybrid Seed ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Cross Compatibility ◽  
Outcrossing Species ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Number Of Seeds

The mating system and cross-compatibility of races of Epacris impressa Labill. were examined by a series of selfings, outcrosses between plants of the same race from the same and different populations, and outcrosses between plants of different races. The percentage of pollinations which gave capsules and the number of seeds present per capsule for these four types of crosses, and whether the seeds germinated, were scored. The results indicate that E. impressa is an outcrossing species with a self-incompatibility mechanism to keep selfing at a low level, the races cross freely and the hybrid seed is viable. The means over all races for the above four types of crosses were 8.7 (selfing), 62.3, 62.5 and 65.5 for the percentage of pollinations that were successful and 8.4 (selfing), 43.5, 41.2 and 39.0 for the number of seeds per capsule. The results of a limited number of crosses between Epacris impressa and other epacrid species are also given.

Effect of Shade on Giant Foxtail

Weed Science ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 588-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellery L. Knake
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Setaria Faberii ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Number Of Stems ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Field studies were conducted with giant foxtail(Setaria faberiiHerrm.) under shade intensities of 0, 30, 60, 70, 80, and 98%. Seed weight, dry weight of plant tops exclusive of seed, and total dry weight per plant decreased linearly with increasing shade intensities. These decreases were due primarily to decreases in number of leaves, number of stems per plant, and number of heads per plant. Height of main culm was less affected than other morphological characteristics. Shading affected the length of internodes but had little influence on number of internodes on the main culm. The amount of shade required to control giant foxtail completely, once it is established, appears to be above 95%. Expressed as 2-year means, plants grew to as much as 135 cm, had as many as 188 leaves, 41 stems, and 31 heads, and produced 73 g of dry matter per plant including 6 g of seed. Maximum number of seeds per head was 1405.

scholarly journals Identification of Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) Self-Incompatibility

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Wang ◽  
Feng-Jiao Zhang ◽  
Fa-Di Chen ◽  
Wei-Min Fang ◽  
Nian-Jun Teng
Keyword(s):  
Small Proportion ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Staining Method ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Chrysanthemum Morifolium ◽  
Fluorescence Microscope ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Aniline Blue Staining

There has been a heated argument over self-incompatibilityof chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) among chrysanthemum breeders. In order to solve the argument, we investigated pistil receptivity, seed set, and compatible index of 24 chrysanthemum cultivars. It was found that the 24 cultivars averagely had 3.7–36.3 pollen grains germinating on stigmas at 24 hours after self-pollination through the fluorescence microscope using aniline blue staining method. However, only 10 of them produced self-pollinated seeds, and their seed sets and compatible indexes were 0.03–56.50% and 0.04–87.50, respectively. The cultivar “Q10-33-1” had the highest seed set (56.50%) and compatible index (87.50), but ten of its progeny had a wide range of separation in seed set (0–37.23%) and compatible index (0–68.65). The results indicated that most of chrysanthemum cultivars were self-incompatible, while a small proportion of cultivars were self-compatible. In addition, there is a comprehensive separation of self-incompatibility among progeny from the same self-pollinated self-compatible chrysanthemum cultivar. Therefore, it is better to emasculate inflorescences during chrysanthemum hybridization breeding when no information concerning its self-incompatibility characteristics is available. However, if it is self-incompatible and propagated by vegetative methods, it is unnecessary to carry out emasculation when it is used as a female plant during hybridization breeding.

Pollination and Seed Set of Banksia spinulosa: Evidence for Autogamy

1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 633 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Vaughton
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Breeding System ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
National Park ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Pollen Vectors ◽  
Specific Variation ◽  
Number Of Seeds

The breeding system of Banksia spinulosa var. neoanglica in the New England National Park was examined by excluding pollen vectors and hand pollinating inflorescences. Fruit set of xenogamous and open inflorescences was greater than geitonogamous and autogamous treatments, although not all differences were significant. No differences were found in the number of seeds per follicle or seed weight between treatments. A reduced number of follicles and smaller seeds occurred in the apical third of inflorescences in all treatments. This report of autogamous seed set contrasts with previous findings for this species and indicates intra-specific variation in the breeding system.

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