scholarly journals Drought Adaptation in Fuchsia magellanica and Its Effect on Freezing Tolerance

2008 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majken Pagter ◽  
Karen K. Petersen ◽  
Fulai Liu ◽  
Christian R. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Freezing Tolerance ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Water Deficiency ◽  
Frost Injury ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Curvilinear Relation ◽  
Reduced Water

Fuchsia (Fuchsia L.) is a popular woody ornamental, but it is very susceptible to frost injury during winter. As drought stress may be used to enhance freezing tolerance in woody plants, the effects of different types of water deficit on growth, selected physiological traits, and freezing tolerance were examined in Fuchsia magellanica Lam. ‘Riccartonii’. Drought responses were investigated after 6 weeks of pretreatment, where individual plants grown in a greenhouse under conditions of unrestricted water supply were compared with plants subjected to cyclic or continuous water deficit. After an additional 4 weeks of treatment at short day (10 h) and low temperature (8 °C day/4 °C night), freezing tolerance was examined. Both continuous and cyclic water deficit plants reduced water loss by reducing aboveground biomass and by efficient stomatal regulation. Continuous water deficit plants tended to adjust osmotically, while cyclic water deficit induced significantly higher xylem sap abscisic acid [(ABA)xylem] and leaf proline concentrations and a lower leaf water potential (ψl) than continuous water deficit, indicating that F. magellanica responds differently to continuous water deficit and to fast drying associated with stress phases of cyclic water deficit. The root water potential (ψr) and (ABA)xylem were negatively linearly correlated, implying that increasing water deficiency stimulated formation of ABA in the roots. An inverse, curvilinear relation between (ABA)xylem and stomatal conductance (g s) indicated that root-originated ABA might control g s during mild water deficits. Neither cold-acclimating conditions alone nor combined with water deficit increased stem freezing tolerance, indicating that F. magellanica lacks cold-acclimation ability under the inductive conditions used in this study.

scholarly journals The effect of water potential on accumulation of some essential elements in sugarbeet leaves, Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris

2003 ◽  
pp. 39-50
Author(s):  
Ivana Maksimovic ◽  
Rudolf Kastori ◽  
Novica Petrovic ◽  
Lazar Kovacev ◽  
Pavle Sklenar
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Water Deficiency ◽  
Plant Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Reduced Water ◽  
Cu And Zn

An investigation has been conducted on the effect of reduced water potential in nutrient solution on the accumulation of some essential macro- and micro nutrients in the aboveground pails of young sugarbeet plants. Plants of 8 different sugarbeet genotypes were exposed for 21 days to a nutrient solution whose water potential of 0.1 MPa was regulated by PEG. Contents of N, P, K Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn declined in all genotypes under water deficiency but the intensity of reduction varied among the genotypes. The results indicated that some harmful effects of water deficiency could be attributed to disturbances in plant mineral nutrition, especially the lack of N, P, and Mg, as well as to impaired ratios between the contents of particular elements, especially K/Ca.

The study of important agronomic traits by multivariate analysis in winter rapeseed cultivars

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
Gader Ghaffari ◽  
Farhad Baghbani ◽  
Behnam Tahmasebpour
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Variance ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
The Third ◽  
High Eigenvalue ◽  
Winter Rapeseed

In order to group winter rapeseed cultivars according to evaluated traits, an experiment was conducted in the Research Greenhouse of Agriculture Faculty, University of Tabriz - IRAN. In the experiment were included 12 cultivars of winter rapeseed and 3 levels of water deficit stress. Gypsum blocks were used to monitor soil moisture. Water deficit stress was imposed from stem elongation to physiological maturity. According to the principal component analysis, five principal components were chosen with greater eigenvalue (more than 0.7) that are including 81.34% of the primeval variance of variables. The first component that explained the 48.02% of total variance had the high eigenvalue. The second component could justify about 13.64% of total variance and had positive association with leaf water potential and proline content and had negative relationship with leaf stomatal conductivity. The third, fourth and fifth components expressed around, 10.18, 4.83 and 4.68% of the total variance respectively. The third component had the high eigenvalue for plant dry weight. The fourth component put 1000-seed weight, seed yield, Silique per Plant and root dry weight against plant dry weight, chlorophyll fluorescence and leaf water potential. The fifth component had the high eigenvalue for root dry weight, root volume and 1000-seed weight.

scholarly journals Effects of different types of shelter on physiology and growth of Sangiovese vines during the first year after planting

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 04020
Author(s):  
Giovan Battista Mattii ◽  
Eleonora Cataldo ◽  
Linda Salvi ◽  
Sofia Sbraci ◽  
Francesca Paoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
First Year ◽  
Gas Exchanges ◽  
Circular Section ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Single Leaf ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchanges ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Sprout Growth

In the early stages of planting, the shelter can provide for young vines protection against damage of various kinds. Despite their widespread use, few surveys have been devoted to the study of innovative shelter types and the possible influence of these protections on the physiology and development of plants. In the present experiment, which took place in 2017 in a Tuscan winery, the effects of vine protections by the company OSO (Prato) on single leaf gas exchanges and on the shoot growth in the first year of planting were studied. Three types of shelters with a circular section (completely perforated, partially perforated and closed) have been compared with the traditional full-wall shelters with square section. During the growing season, sprout growth measures, leaf area, leaf gas exchanges and water potential were carried out on the young vines. At the end of the season, shoots were sampled to measure the dry matter accumulated during the season. Among the shelters taken into consideration, it emerges that the completely perforated type guarantees the best development, with differences that are almost always significant for most of the measured parameters with traditional shelters. On the contrary, the closed typology has led to a reduction in growth, in gas exchanges and in water potential. In conclusion, the type completely perforated could constitute a valid alternative to the traditional one because, besides being a useful means for the protection of the vine, it could benefit the development of the root system in the early stages of growth.

Accuracy and Usefulness of Psychrometer and Pressure Chamber for Evaluating Water Potentials of Pinus radiata Needles

1982 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 499 ◽  
Author(s):  
BD Millar
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Pressure Chamber ◽  
Pressure Potential ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Average Water ◽  
Potential Gradients ◽  
Fundamental Uncertainty ◽  
The One

Pressure chamber evaluations of xylem sap pressure potential (P) and thermocouple psychrometric evaluations of average water potential (Ψl) in needles from both transpiring and non-transpiring pine trees (Pinus radiata D. Don) were compared in order to determine the relative accuracy and usefulness of these methods for assessing Ψl. Markedly different but linear P v. Ψl relationships were obtained for pine needles of different age and also for the case where resin exudation masked the xylem and led to a 'resin error'. Evidence suggests that these differences are mainly due to injection and resin errors in pressure chamber determinations totalling as much as 1 MPa (a 10 bar). The psychrometric method appears to be the much more accurate. Radial water potential gradients across leaves did not result in differences between evaluations of P and Ψl, at least in P. radiata. The need for multiple 'calibrations' of the pressure chamber and the fundamental uncertainty about the constancy of such calibrations on the one hand and the slowness of the excised-needle psychrometer on the other can restrict the usefulness of these methods.

scholarly journals Endoproteinase activities in wheat leaves upon water deficit.

1996 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Zagdańska ◽  
K Wiśniewski
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Cysteine Proteinase ◽  
Ph Dependence ◽  
Serine Proteinase ◽  
Aspartic Proteinase ◽  
Water Deficiency ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Wheat Leaves

In wheat leaves acclimated and non-acclimated to water deficit the azocaseinolytic activities of endoproteinases were increased about 7-fold under drought conditions. Under such conditions both the pH dependence profile and the endoproteinase pattern were also changed. The predominant contribution of serine proteinase (about 50% of total endoproteinase activity) remains unaltered in the drought stressed leaves. Cysteine proteinase was induced to the same extent in the drought-stressed leaves irrespective of the acclimation pretreatment, while the contribution of aspartic proteinase was reduced upon water deficit but in the acclimated stressed leaves was as high as in the non-stressed leaves. These changes in the pattern of endoproteinases seem to imply that the water deficiency affects endogenous proteolysis.

scholarly journals DINÂMICA DA ÁGUA NO SISTEMA SOLO-PLANTA NO CULTIVO DA PIMENTA TABASCO SOB DÉFICIT HÍDRICO1

Irriga ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 246
Author(s):  
Lígia Borges Marinho ◽  
José Antonio Frizzone ◽  
João Batista Tolentino Júnior ◽  
Janaina Paulino ◽  
Danilton Luiz Flumigan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Extraction ◽  
Soil Matric Potential ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Matric Potential ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Vegetative Phase ◽  
E Mail

DINÂMICA DA ÁGUA NO SISTEMA SOLO-PLANTA NO CULTIVO DA PIMENTA TABASCO SOB DÉFICIT HÍDRICO1  LÍGIA BORGES MARINHO2; JOSÉ ANTONIO FRIZZONE3; JOÃO BATISTA TOLENTINO JÚNIOR4; JANAÍNA PAULINO5; DANILTON LUIZ FLUMIGNAN6 E DIEGO BORTOLOTI GÓES3    (1) Artigo extraído da tese do primeiro autor (2) Departamento Tecnologia e Ciências Sociais, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, av. Edgard Chastinet, São Geraldo, CEP 48905-680, Juazeiro, BA. Fone (74) 3611-7363. E-mail: [email protected](3) Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas/Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” USP, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, CEP 13.418-900, Piracicaba/SP, E-mail(s): [email protected], [email protected]; (4) Campus Curitibanos, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Curitibanos, SC. [email protected] (5) Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso UFMT, campus Sinop, Avenida Alexandre Ferronato Nº 1.200. Bairro: Setor Industrial. CEP: 78.550-000,  Sinop-MT, Email: [email protected] (6) Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Agropecuária Oeste. Rodovia BR 163, km 253, Zona Rural, 79804970 - Dourados, MS,  Email: [email protected]  1 RESUMO  O objetivo da pesquisa foi acompanhar a variação da condição hídrica do solo e da planta de pimenta ‘Tabasco’ em função dos manejos de déficits hídricos impostos e determinar seu coeficiente de estresse hídrico. O experimento foi conduzido em ambiente protegido, no Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas da ESALQ - USP, Piracicaba-SP, de setembro de 2009 a julho de 2010. O delineamento experimental foi blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, utilizando-se lâminas de irrigação a 100, 80, 60 e 40% da evapotranspiração da cultura diferenciadas a partir da fase vegetativa e da fase reprodutiva. O potencial da água na folha e no solo foi aferido com a câmara de pressão e tensiômetros, respectivamente. Houve variação do potencial mátrico, da extração de água no solo e do potencial de água na folha em função das lâminas e das épocas de diferenciação. Menores potenciais mátricos foram verificados quando o déficit de irrigação foi inicializado na fase vegetativa da pimenta. Os valores de coeficiente de estresse hídrico e o potencial de água na folha, ao alvorecer, indicaram que as pimenteiras estavam sob estresse moderado e severo, sendo a época reprodutiva da pimenta Tabasco a mais sensível à restrição hídrica.Palavras-chave: Capsicum frutencens L, tensiômetro, potencial da água no solo.                                                        MARINHO, L. B.; FRIZZONE, J. A.; TOLENTINO JÚNIOR, J. B.; PAULINO, J.; FLUMIGNAN, D. L.; GÓES, D. B.WATER DYNAMICS IN SOIL-PLANT SYSTEM IN THE CULTIVATION OF PEPPER TABASCO UNDER WATER DEFICIT  2 ABSTRACT The objective of the research was to determine the change in soil water condition and in Tabasco pepper plant according to the managements of water deficits. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Department of Biosystems Engineering of ESALQ - USP, Piracicaba-SP, from September 2009 to July 2010. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four replications, using irrigation depths to 100, 80, 60 and 40% of crop evapotranspiration in the vegetative phase and reproductive phase. The soil matric potential was measured by tensiometers installed at 0-20 and 20-40 cm depth. The most negative values of matric potential occurred in treatments submitted to the greater water deficit treatments that had higher water restriction imposed by the vegetative phase. For these, greater increase in water extraction in the deepest layer (40 cm) were also found.There were differences in matric potential of the soil, in ground water extraction and in leaf water potential in relation to the water depths and differentiation phases. The deficit irrigation that started in the vegetative phase led to greater reduction in soil matric potential due to the accumulated water deficit. The pepper plants have moderate to severe sensitivity to water deficit in the soil, with a higher sensitivity of the plants when water restriction is imposed during reproductive stages than when it is imposed during growing stages. Keywords : Capsicum frutencens, tensiometer; soil water potential

scholarly journals Optimizing irrigation and determining the most sensitive development stage to drought in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in a semi-arid environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-94
Author(s):  
Leila Romdhane ◽  
Nicola Dal Ferro ◽  
Amor Slama ◽  
Leila Radhouane
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Three Stages

Rising temperatures and increasing water scarcity, which are already important issues, are expected to intensify in the near future due to global warming. Optimizing irrigation in agriculture is a challenge. Understanding the response of crop development stages to water deficit stress provides an opportunity for optimizing irrigation. Here we studied the response of two barley varieties (Rihane, Martin), to water deficit stress at three development stages (tillering, stem elongation, and heading) by measuring water status and grain yield components in a field experiment in Tunisia. The three stages were selected due to their importance in crop growth and grain development. Water deficit stress was initiated by withholding water for 21 days at the three stages with subsequent re-watering. Water deficit led to a progressive decrease in leaf water potential. In both varieties, heading was the stage most sensitive to water deficit. Leaf water potential measurements indicated that water deficit stress was more severe during heading, which to some extent may have influenced the comparison between growth stages. During heading, the number of ears per plant and weight of a thousand grains were reduced by more than 70% and 50%, respectively compared with stress at tillering. Comparison of yield components showed differences between the two barley varieties only when the water deficit was produced during the tillering stage.

scholarly journals Gas exchange alteration caused by water deficit during the bean reproductive stage

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauricio Endres ◽  
José L. de Souza ◽  
Iedo Teodoro ◽  
Paula M. G. Marroquim ◽  
Claudiana M. dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Vegetative Stage ◽  
Water Deficiency ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Gas Exchanges ◽  
Grain Productivity ◽  
Entire Plant ◽  
Phase Water

The purpose of the present study was to analyze gas exchanges in leaves and the parameters of productivity of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris, L.) submitted to two water deficiency periods during which three water regimes were employed: W1 (1,0 ETo during the entire plant cycle); W2 (1,0 ETo up to the flowering period and irrigation interruption from the 37 to the 51st day following sowing, and W3 (in addition to the reproductive phase, water deficit was also applied during the vegetative stage). Photosynthesis was one of the main physiological factors affected by water deficit. This was not only caused by the stomata closure, but also by carboxilation reduction due to metabolic damage. This effect was, however, offset 24 h after rehydration. During flowering, the water deficit caused crop productivity to drop significantly, reducing the number of pods and the number of seeds per pod, independently of the water deficit during the vegetative stage. The weight of 100 seeds however, was the same regardless of treatment. These results suggest that the water deficit caused the reduction of photo-assimilates, which affected grain productivity. Nevertheless, once properly formed, seeds developed totally; a strategy of the plant to produce less seeds under stress, but viable to perpetuate the species.

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