scholarly journals Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the sea water column

2021 ◽  
Vol XXIV (1) ◽  
pp. 254-263
Author(s):  
ZUKAUSKAITE Audrone
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Insoluble Fraction ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Dissolved Phase

The most intensive traffic in the world is going in the Baltic Sea. Consequences of intensive navigation are illegal or accidental oil spills. Following a spill, the soluble fraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) is rapidly released into the water column. These remain dissolved in seawater over an extended period of time, even should the insoluble fraction be removed. Therefore, it is necessary to know how fast and what polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons start releasing from the film of spilled oil. During an experiment, it was aimed to determine maximal concentrations of that. PAH were analysed in the dissolved and suspended phases in the water column. The study was undertaken under controlled conditions so as to minimize the variability of environmental factors such as temperature and hydrodynamics. After two weeks of the experiment, the following low-molecular weight hydrocarbons were detected: naphthalene (Naph), phenanthrene (Phe) and anthracene (Antr). No high-molecular weight hydrocarbons were detected within the total time of the experiment (8 weeks). The distributions of PAHs were measured in the dissolved and suspended phases, where total concentration of PAHs ranged from 19.01 ng L-1 to 194.70 ng L-1 in the dissolved phase and from 5.14 to 63.92 ng L–1 in the suspended phase. The release of PAHs from the film started immediately after the spill reaching 194.70 ng L-1 in the dissolved phase and 63.92 ng L-1 in the suspended phase near the bottom of water column after 1 – 2 hours. In the dissolved phase, 2 – 3 ring PAHs dominated (60 – 80 %), whereas the highest amount of 4 – 6 ring PAHs (55 – 90 %) was found in the suspended phase.

scholarly journals Vertical distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the brackish sea water column: ex situ experiment

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10087
Author(s):  
Zilvinas Kryzevicius ◽  
Kristina Mickuviene ◽  
Martynas Bucas ◽  
Monika Vilkiene ◽  
Audrone Zukauskaite
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Suspended Matter ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
The Vertical Distribution ◽  
Dissolved Phase

Background Oil spills can cause severe damage within a marine ecosystem. Following a spill, the soluble fraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is rapidly released into the water column. These remain dissolved in seawater over an extended period of time, even should the insoluble fraction be removed. The vertical distribution of the aromatic hydrocarbon component and how these become transferred is poorly understood in brackish waters. This study examines the vertical distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons having been released from a controlled film of spilled oil onto the surface of brackish water. Methods The study was undertaken under controlled conditions so as to minimize the variability of environmental factors such as temperature and hydrodynamics. The distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was measured in the dissolved and suspended phases throughout the 1 m water column with different intensity of water sampling: 1, 2, 4, 7, 72, 120, 336, 504 and 984 h. Results The total concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ranged from 19.01 to 214.85 ng L–1 in the dissolved phase and from 5.14 to 63.92 ng L–1 in the suspended phase. These hydrocarbons were released immediately following a controlled spill attaining 214.9 ng L–1 in the dissolved phase and 54.4 ng L–1 in the suspended phase near the cylinder bottom after 1–2 h. The 2–3 ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons dominated in the dissolved phase (60–80%), whereas the greater amount of 4–6 ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (55–90%) occurred in the suspended phase. A relatively low negative correlation (rS = –0.41) was determined between the concentration of phenanthrene and suspended matter, whereas a high negative correlation (r =  − 0.79) was found between the concentration of pyrene and suspended matter. Despite the differences in the relationships between the concentration ratio and amount of suspended matter the obtained regressions allow roughly to predict the concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

scholarly journals Marine Snow Aggregates are Enriched in Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Oil Contaminated Waters: Insights from a Mesocosm Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 781
Author(s):  
Hernando P. Bacosa ◽  
Manoj Kamalanathan ◽  
Joshua Cullen ◽  
Dawei Shi ◽  
Chen Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Deepwater Horizon ◽  
Marine Snow ◽  
Total Pahs ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Water Accommodated Fraction

Marine snow was implicated in the transport of oil to the seafloor during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, but the exact processes remain controversial. In this study, we investigated the concentrations and distributions of the 16 USEPA priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in marine snow aggregates collected during a mesocosm experiment. Seawater only, oil in a water accommodated fraction (WAF), and Corexit-enhanced WAF (DCEWAF) were incubated for 16 d. Both WAF and DCEWAF aggregates were enriched in heavy molecular weight PAHs but depleted in naphthalene. DCEWAF aggregates had 2.6 times more total 16 PAHs than the WAF (20.5 vs. 7.8 µg/g). Aggregates in the WAF and DCEWAF incorporated 4.4% and 19.3%, respectively of the total PAHs in the mesocosm tanks. Our results revealed that marine snow sorbed and scavenged heavy molecular weight PAHs in the water column and the application of Corexit enhanced the incorporation of PAHs into the sinking aggregates.

scholarly journals Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Indoor Dust Collected during the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown in Saudi Arabia: Status, Sources and Human Health Risks

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2743
Author(s):  
Sultan Hassan Alamri ◽  
Nadeem Ali ◽  
Hussain Mohammed Salem Ali Albar ◽  
Muhammad Imtiaz Rashid ◽  
Nisreen Rajeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Indoor Dust ◽  
Environment Quality ◽  
Indoor Environment Quality ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

To control the spread of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), Saudi Arabia’s government imposed a strict lockdown during March–July 2020. As a result, the public was confined to indoors, and most of their daily activities were happening in their indoor places, which might have resulted in lower indoor environment quality. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzed in household dust (n = 40) collected from different residential districts of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, during the lockdown period. PAHs’ levels were two folds higher than the previously reported PAHs in indoor dust from this region. We detected low molecular weight (LMW) with two to four aromatic ring PAHs in all the samples with a significant contribution from Phenanthrene (Phe), present at an average concentration of 1590 ng/g of dust. Although high molecular weight (HMW) (5–6 aromatic ring) PAHs were detected at lower concentrations than LMW PAHs, however, they contributed >90% in the carcinogenic index of PAHs. The estimated daily intake (EDI) of specific PAHs was above the reference dose (RfD) for young children in high-end exposure and the calculated Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk (ILCR) was >1.00 × 10−4 for both Saudi adults and young children. The study highlighted that indoor pollution has increased significantly during lockdown due to the increased indoor activities and inversely affect human health. This study also warrants to conduct more studies involving different chemicals to understand the indoor environment quality during strict lockdown conditions.

scholarly journals The Most Important Methods for Depollution of Hydrocarbons Polluted Soils

1970 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura DOBOS ◽  
Carmen PUIA
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Heterocyclic Compounds ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Naphthenic Acids ◽  
International Agency ◽  
Polluted Soils ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Crude oil is a highly complex mixture of hydrocarbons amounting to hundreds of individual compounds with different chemical structure and molecular weight plus a series of lower molecular weight compounds other than hydrocarbons (phenols, thiols, naphthenic acids, heterocyclic compounds with N (pyridines, pyrrole, indole, s.o.) compounds S (alkyl thiols, thiophene, etc.) (Zarnea, 1994). Mineral oil and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) creates larger environmental problems. They are considered particularly dangerous. In this regard, EPA Agency from U.S.A. includes a number of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons under 16 priority pollutants, which require special attention. IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer) has identified 15 types of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons including six of the 16 types of PAHs, identifiable by the USEPA as having carcinogenic properties (Chauhan Archana et al., 2008).

A Correlation Study between Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Urumqi Snow and the Surrounding Environment

2013 ◽  
Vol 864-867 ◽  
pp. 1364-1368
Author(s):  
Yakup Parida ◽  
Eslamjan Diwani
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Solid Phase Extraction ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Correlation Study ◽  
Phase Extraction ◽  
Purification Method ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Based on the principle of solid phase extraction and the purification method using Florida silica, sixteen various kinds of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as naphthalene, acenaphthene and fluorene were measured in Urumqi snow by means of HPLC. The results showed that the concentration of PAHs was different in different sampling sites in Urumqi. The total concentration of PAHs was in the range of 0.2883 ~ 8.814 µg/mL and the content of PAHs snow was higher than that in water, which indicated that the snow was polluted by organic matters to a certain degree and the pollution was not so serious compared with the groundwater. So the snow has a certain application value for life.

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