scholarly journals Bacterial nanocellulose and softwood pulp for composite paper

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 460-471
Author(s):  
Yu. A. Gismatulina ◽  
V. V. Budaeva ◽  
A. E. Sitnikova ◽  
N. V. Bychin ◽  
E. K. Gladysheva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Sample ◽  
Culture Liquid ◽  
Bacterial Nanocellulose ◽  
Cellulose Structure ◽  
Paper Manufacturing ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Deformation Properties ◽  
New Material ◽  
Breaking Length ◽  
Composite Paper

Abstract: Scaling biosynthesis of bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) allowed samples of composite paper with an increased proportion of BNC to be obtained. This work aims to study BNC samples and bleached soft wood kraft pulp (BSKP) composite paper with a ratio of components varying across a wide range: 10:90, 30:70, 50:50, 60:40, 70:30, 90:10. The method of paper manufacturing was chosen based on the determinations of strength and deformation properties of composite samples with the BNC:BSKP ratio of 20:80. Surface application of BNT on BSKP handsheet provided for an increase in the strength values (tear resistance – by 37%, burst index – by 17%) and deformation characteristics (tension stiffness – by 66%, fracture work – by 8%, breaking length – by 4%) compared to a reference sample. The formation of composites is confirmed in all samples. Scanning electron spectroscopy revealed that paper composites comprise interlaced micro BSKP and nano BNC fibres. As the proportion of BNC in composites elevated, densification of the structure was observed due to an increased fraction of cross-linked nanosized elements. IR spectroscopy indicated the resemblance of cellulose structure in all samples. It was found that an increase in the degree of polymerisation of composite paper is directly proportional to an increase in the BNC amount in the samples. The filtering ability of composite paper samples against microorganisms in the culture liquid of the Medusomyces gisevii Sa-12 producer was studied. It should be noted that yeast retention is achieved with 70% BNC in the paper composite. The presented properties of the new material determine prospects for its use in filtering microorganisms.

scholarly journals Advanced Functional Materials Based on Nanocellulose for Pharmaceutical/Medical Applications

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1125
Author(s):  
Raluca Nicu ◽  
Florin Ciolacu ◽  
Diana E. Ciolacu
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibrils ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Medical Applications ◽  
Bacterial Nanocellulose ◽  
Green Materials ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
In Vivo Cytotoxicity

Nanocelluloses (NCs), with their remarkable characteristics, have proven to be one of the most promising “green” materials of our times and have received special attention from researchers in nanomaterials. A diversity of new functional materials with a wide range of biomedical applications has been designed based on the most desirable properties of NCs, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and their special physicochemical properties. In this context and under the pressure of rapid development of this field, it is imperative to synthesize the successes and the new requirements in a comprehensive review. The first part of this work provides a brief review of the characteristics of the NCs (cellulose nanocrystals—CNC, cellulose nanofibrils—CNF, and bacterial nanocellulose—BNC), as well as of the main functional materials based on NCs (hydrogels, nanogels, and nanocomposites). The second part presents an extensive review of research over the past five years on promising pharmaceutical and medical applications of nanocellulose-based materials, which have been discussed in three important areas: drug-delivery systems, materials for wound-healing applications, as well as tissue engineering. Finally, an in-depth assessment of the in vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity of NCs-based materials, as well as the challenges related to their biodegradability, is performed.

scholarly journals Deformation of rockfill in bodies of rockfill dams

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-5
Author(s):  
Mikhail Sainov
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Deformation Modulus ◽  
Deformation Model ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Linear Deformation ◽  
Laboratory Test Results ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Deformation Properties ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. The main factor determining the stress-strain state (SSS) of rockfill dam with reinforced concrete faces is deformability of the dam body material, mostly rockfill. However, the deformation properties of rockfill have not been sufficiently studied yet for the time being due to technical complexity of the matter, Materials and methods. To determine the deformation parameters of rockfill, scientific and technical information on the results of rockfill laboratory tests in stabilometers were collected and analyzed, as well as field data on deformations in the existing rockfill dams. After that, the values of rockfill linear deformation modulus obtained in the laboratory and in the field were compared. The laboratory test results were processed and analyzed to determine the parameters of the non-linear rockfill deformation model. Results. Analyses of the field observation data demonstrates that the deformation of the rockfill in the existing dams varies in a wide range: its linear deformation modulus may vary from 30 to 500 МPа. It was found out that the results of the most rockfill tests conducted in the laboratory, as a rule, approximately correspond to the lower limit of the rockfill deformation modulus variation range in the bodies of the existing dams. This can be explained by the discrepancy in density and particle sizes of model and natural soils. Only recently, results of rockfill experimental tests were obtained which were comparable with the results of the field measurements. They demonstrate that depending on the stress state the rockfill linear deformation modulus may reach 700 МPа. The processing of the results of those experiments made it possible to determine the parameters on the non-linear model describing the deformation of rockfill in the dam body. Conclusions. The obtained data allows for enhancement of the validity of rockfill dams SSS analyses, as well as for studying of the impact of the non-linear character of the rockfill deformation on the SSS of reinforced concrete faces of rockfill dams.

scholarly journals New material-saving technologies of pipe rolling on pilgrim units

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (131) ◽  
pp. 149-162
Author(s):  
Valery Balakin ◽  
Stanislav Stasevsky ◽  
Yuri Ugryumov
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Casting Machine ◽  
Cast Billet ◽  
Continuous Cast ◽  
Centrifugally Cast ◽  
Continuous Cast Billet ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
New Material ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
Pilger Rolling ◽  
Material Saving

In this work, based on the analysis of the process of hot pilger rolling of pipes of a wide range of sizes and grades from a round continuous cast billet, new and improved existing metal-saving technologies have been developed to reduce metal losses in the pilger head.Using scientific and patent sources of information in the field of pilger rolling and its mathematical modeling with the calculation of tables for rolling pipes of a wide range of sizes from a round continuous-cast billet with a diameter of 385-470 mm, metal losses into technological scrap on a pilgerstan are determined: a seed and a pilger head.On the basis of the results of the theoretical determination of metal losses in the process scrap on the pilgerstan: the seed and the pilger head, a forecast was made to reduce the weight of the pilger head, which was used to develop new material-saving technologies for pilger rolling of pipes, both thick-walled with D / S = 6 - 12.5, and thin-walled with D / S = 12.5 - 40. Metal losses in the pilger head are the main factor of increased metal consumption coefficients on pilger units, which reduces their competitiveness in comparison with other units when using round continuously cast billets as a starting material.The forecast for the reduction of metal losses in the pilger head made for the first time makes it possible to estimate the reserves for reducing the mass of the pilger head both by eliminating the underflow of the liner and trimming of the pipe end adjacent to the pilger head, and by means of individual parts of its profile part and predicting its decrease to the minimum possible size, ensuring the removal of the pipe from the mandrel using a gate device.To reduce the weight of the pilger head when rolling thick-walled pipes, it is recom-?ended to use improved technologies for butt-end rolling and rolling of the pilger head on the free section of the mandrel.The results of the studies and the proposed new material-saving technologies can be used on pilgrim units when rolling thick-walled (D / S = 6 - 12.5) and thin-walled (D / S = 12.5 - 40) pipes of a wide range of brands (carbon, alloyed, highly alloyed and special) from both continuous casting machine and forged and centrifugally cast billets, as well as ingots.

4302Machine-learning integration of complex echocardiographic patterns and clinical parameters from cohorts and trials

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Cikes ◽  
S Sanchez Martinez ◽  
B Claggett ◽  
S D Solomon ◽  
B Bijnens
Keyword(s):  
Event Rate ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Myocardial Infarct ◽  
Cardiac Resynchronization ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Volume Curve ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Deformation Properties ◽  
Event Rates ◽  
Left Figure

Abstract Introduction Contemporary machine learning (ML) allows comparing individuals based on a wide range of heterogenous data. We aimed to use similarity-based unsupervised ML to integrate clinical variables and complex imaging patterns from a population-based cohort (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study - ARIC) with a HFPEF (Treatment of Preserved Cardiac Function Heart Failure with an Aldosterone Antagonist - TOPCAT) as well as a HFREF (Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial with Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy - MADIT-CRT) clinical trial and to predict the outcome of the patients based on their location in the derived ML universe, rather than on their original cohort. Methods An unsupervised ML for dimensionality reduction algorithm (multiple kernel learning) was trained using 2123 subjects enrolled in ARIC. The algorithm positioned them based on similarities in longitudinal strain patterns of 12 LV regions and an LV volume curve, together with 17 clinical parameters (age, sex, myocardial infarct, QRS width, prior HF, LVEDVi, LAVi, race, heart rate, SBP, BP meds, diabetes, smoking status, BMI, GLS, LVMi, LVEF). Using the same descriptors, 105 untreated TOPCAT and 429 untreated MADIT-CRT patients were projected onto the learned space (upper-left figure). A k-means algorithm was subsequently used to partition the resulting space into 3 clusters (broadly speaking, the number of expected clinical categories: controls (ARIC), HFPEFs (TOPCAT) and HFREFs (MADIT-CRT) (upper-right figure). Finally, cluster-wise event rates (composite of death or HF hospitalization) were computed for the combination of the two trials (bottom-left figure) and only considering subjects from ARIC (bottom-right figure). Results The visualisation of the low-dimensional space (upper-left figure) showed a clear aggregation of individuals according to the study, highlighting their different clinical and deformation properties. The individuals located around the MADIT-CRT patients (predominantly in cluster 3) showed the highest event rate (26.6%, similar to the MADIT-CRT event rate 25.4%) while those around the majority of the ARIC cohort showed the lowest rates (5.3%, similar to the ARIC event rate 5.7%). The MADIT-CRT-like ARIC individuals showed a much higher event-rate compared to the one expected from the cohort (21.1% vs 5.7%). Figure 1 Conclusion Our results serve as a proof-of-concept that unsupervised ML based analysis of complex clinical and imaging data can be used to integrate patient-based data, including complex echocardiographic data, to project individuals onto a multi-dimensional space with event rates that track with multidimensional location. Acknowledgement/Funding ARIC and TOPCAT were funded by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, MADIT-CRT by Boston Scientific

Paper 9: Ceramic-Metal Composites: Nucerite

1965 ◽  
Vol 180 (4) ◽  
pp. 193-199
Author(s):  
W. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Abrasion Resistance ◽  
High Temperature Corrosion ◽  
Metal Composite ◽  
Base Metals ◽  
Metal Composites ◽  
Good Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
New Material

This paper describes ‘Nucerite’, a new material of construction consisting of a ceramic-metal composite which has improved mechanical strength and abrasion resistance over glassed steel. A wide range of ceramics is available and these can be bonded to a range of base metals, thus giving a very wide choice of properties. An outline of the induced crystalline structure in the ceramic shows how Nucerite is suitable for high temperature use together with good corrosion resistance. The application of Nucerite in the chemical and related industries shows how its versatility can be used to solve high temperature, corrosion, and abrasion problems. Examples of items of equipment, together with the conditions under which they are being used, confirms that there is a big future for Nucerite as it is developed and its properties are improved even further.

Characteristics of two fission modes

2001 ◽  
Vol 89 (11-12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Nagame ◽  
Y.L. Zhao ◽  
I. Nishinaka ◽  
S. Goto ◽  
D. Kaji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneous Fission ◽  
Shell Structures ◽  
Nuclear Deformation ◽  
Mass Yield ◽  
Asymmetric Mode ◽  
Yield Curves ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Deformation Properties ◽  
Actinide Fission ◽  
Asymmetric Fission

Characteristics of nuclear deformation properties at scission of two fission modes, symmetric and asymmetric, are reviewed. Existence of two kinds of scission configurations associated with the symmetric and asymmetric fission modes is pointed out: elongated and compact configurations. Each symmetric and asymmetric scission property is discussed in terms of shape elongation evaluated from fragment total kinetic energy (TKE). Fragment deformation at scission is also discussed based on neutron multiplicity data. From the systematic study of the scission properties in a wide range of actinide fission, the bimodal fission observed in spontaneous fission (SF) of the heavy actinides is interpreted as the result of the presence of the two fission paths of the ordinary asymmetric mode and a strongly shell-influenced symmetric one. The correlation between the fragment shell structures and the asymmetric mass-yield curves is described.

scholarly journals Potential of magnetic nano cellulose in biomedical applications: Recent Advances

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-47
Author(s):  
Anuj Kumar ◽  
Ankur Sood ◽  
Sung Soo Han
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Triboelectric Nanogenerator ◽  
Wearable Electronics ◽  
Bacterial Nanocellulose ◽  
Renewable Biomass ◽  
Potential Efficacy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Nano Cellulose

Biopolymers have attracted considerable attention in various biomedical applications. Among them, cellulose as sustainable and renewable biomass has shown potential efficacy. With the advancement in nanotechnology, a wide range of nanostructured materials have surfaced with the potential to offer substantial biomedical applications. . The progress of cellulose at the nanoscale regime (nanocelluloses) with diverse forms like cellulose nanocrystals, nanofibres and bacterial nanocellulose) has imparted remarkable properties like high aspect-ratio and high mechanical strength, and biocompatibility. The amalgamation of nanocellulose together with magnetic nanoparticles (MNC) could be explored for a synergistic effect. In this review, a brief introduction of nano cellulose , magnetic nanoparticles and the synergistic effect of MNC is described. Further, the review sheds light on the recent studies based on MNCs with their potential in the biomedical area. Finally, the review is concluded by citing the remarkable value of MNC with their futuristic applications in other fields like friction layers for triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), energy production, hydrogen splitting, and wearable electronics.

scholarly journals The ALPINE-ALMA [CII] survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 643 ◽  
pp. A1 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Le Fèvre ◽  
M. Béthermin ◽  
A. Faisst ◽  
G. C. Jones ◽  
P. Capak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Detection Rate ◽  
Spectral Energy Distribution ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Reference Sample ◽  
Far Infrared ◽  
Continuum Emission ◽  
Spectral Energy ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Ancillary Data ◽  
Wide Range

The ALMA-ALPINE [CII] survey is aimed at characterizing the properties of a sample of normal star-forming galaxies (SFGs). The ALMA Large Program to INvestigate (ALPINE) features 118 galaxies observed in the [CII]-158 μm line and far infrared (FIR) continuum emission during the period of rapid mass assembly, right after the end of the HI reionization, at redshifts of 4 <  z <  6. We present the survey science goals, the observational strategy, and the sample selection of the 118 galaxies observed with ALMA, with an average beam minor axis of about 0.85″, or ∼5 kpc at the median redshift of the survey. The properties of the sample are described, including spectroscopic redshifts derived from the UV-rest frame, stellar masses, and star-formation rates obtained from a spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting. The observed properties derived from the ALMA data are presented and discussed in terms of the overall detection rate in [CII] and FIR continuum, with the observed signal-to-noise distribution. The sample is representative of the SFG population in the main sequence at these redshifts. The overall detection rate in [CII] is 64% for a signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) threshold larger than 3.5 corresponding to a 95% purity (40% detection rate for S/N >  5). Based on a visual inspection of the [CII] data cubes together with the large wealth of ancillary data, we find a surprisingly wide range of galaxy types, including 40% that are mergers, 20% extended and dispersion-dominated, 13% compact, and 11% rotating discs, with the remaining 16% too faint to be classified. This diversity indicates that a wide array of physical processes must be at work at this epoch, first and foremost, those of galaxy mergers. This paper sets a reference sample for the gas distribution in normal SFGs at 4 <  z <  6, a key epoch in galaxy assembly, which is ideally suited for studies with future facilities, such as the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and the Extremely Large Telescopes (ELTs).

scholarly journals Special Issue Dedicated to ICFP 2009 Editorial

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 331-332
Author(s):  
Andrew Tolmach ◽  
Xavier Leroy
Keyword(s):  
Functional Programming ◽  
Program Committee ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
International Conference ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
New Material

The 14th ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Functional Programming (ICFP) took place on August 31–September 2, 2009 in Edinburgh, Scotland; Andrew Tolmach chaired the program committee. Following the conference, the authors of selected papers were invited to submit extended versions for this special issue of JFP. After review and revision, four papers were accepted for inclusion in this volume. Each paper contains substantial new material beyond the original conference version. The papers are representative of the wide range of topics and methodology that characterize ICFP.

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