scholarly journals THE ROLE OF INTRATUMORAL DENDRITIC CELLS IN THE PROGRESSION OF SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMAS

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 50-58
Author(s):  
L. N. Bondar ◽  
L. A. Tashireva ◽  
O. V. Savenkova ◽  
E. L. Choynzonov ◽  
V. M. Perelmuter
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Metastatic Tumor ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinomas ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Disease Free ◽  
Overall Survival Rates

The aim of the studywas to summarize data on the role of tumor-associated dendritic cells (DC) in the formation of squamous cell carcinoma microenvironment, their participation in the development of immune inflammatory responses in the tumor stroma and relation to tumor progression.Material and Methods. We analyzed 79 publications available from Pubmed, Google Scholar, Elibrary databases from January 2000 to December 2017.Results. The characteristics of different types of DC, including Langerhans cells (CR), were presented. The different methods of DC identification were described. The information on the presence of DC in squamous cell carcinomas was analyzed. The influence of the tumor on DCs, as well as the relationship between the number and functional characteristics of DCs and invasive/metastatic tumor potentialities was described. The prognostic value of DCs and their effect on disease-free, metastasis-free and overall survival rates were analyzed. The data on the association between DCs and the response to chemoradiotherapy were presented. The analysis of the relationship between the DC characteristics and the development of immuno-inflammatory responses in the tumor microenvironment was carried out.Conclusion. The methodological approaches to the detection of DCs are variable, but the sensitivity of each method, as well as the comparison of different methods for estimating the number and functional characteristics of DCs, have been little studied. There is no data on the relationship between the length of DC dendrites and the parameters of invasive/metastatic tumor potentialities, disease-free, metastasis-free and overall survival rates. Numerous studies indicate the association between the number of DCs and the tumor progression, however these data are contradictory. There is no data about the relationship between the number of DCs and hematogenous metastasis of squamous cell carcinomas. The association of tumor-associated DC with the types of immunoinflammatory responses in the tumor microenvironment has been insufficiently studied. 

How important is the axillary nodal status for adjuvant treatment decisions at a breast cancer multidisciplinary tumor board? A survival analysis

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 11041-11041
Author(s):  
T. Reimer ◽  
R. Fietkau ◽  
S. Markmann ◽  
A. Stachs ◽  
B. Gerber
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Adjuvant Treatment ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Nodal Status ◽  
Tumor Board ◽  
Axillary Surgery ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Disease Free ◽  
Overall Survival Rates

11041 Background: Postoperative tumor board recommendations for breast cancer are mainly based on patient characteristics and tumor parameters such as size, histologic grade, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), hormone receptor and HER2/neu status. In the era of potential avoidance of axillary surgery in clinically node-negative patients we evaluate the impact of pathologic nodal status for adjuvant treatment decisions. Methods: The postoperative tumor board records of 207 consecutive breast cancer patients over a 1-year period were rediscussed without knowledge of pathologic nodal status. Differences between the two board recommendations for each patient were classified as major (chemo- and/or radiotherapy: present/absent) or minor (different chemotherapeutic protocols) discrepancies. The disease-free and overall survival rates among subgroups with different recommendations were calculated using Adjuvant! Online tool. The binary logistic regression was performed to analyze the impact of factors for prediction the major discrepancy subgroup. Results: The tumor board without information of pathologic nodal status resulted in treatment changes in 72 of the 207 patients studied (34.8%). Major discrepancies were observed in 37 patients (17.9%) leading to a complete shift of postoperative management. Disease-free and overall survival rates were not significantly different due to a balanced over- and undertreatment in this subgroup (21 cases with under-, 16 cases with overtreatment). The major discrepancies were related to LVI (P=0.001), postmenopausal status (P=0.047), and positive hormone receptor status (P=0.17) in the univariate setting. LVI was an independent parameter to predict the subgroup with major discrepancies performing a multivariate analysis (P=0.006; RR=4.5 [95%CI: 1.5–13.4]). Conclusions: The knowledge of pathologic nodal status is important for postoperative chemotherapy and postmastectomy radiotherapy indications. There is a risk for one third of all patients when avoiding axillary surgery to get an adjuvant therapy which differ from the current treatment guidelines. It is mandatory to know the nodal status for breast tumors with LVI. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Comparison of the seventh and eighth editions of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCC): A Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program (SEER) database analysis.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e17538-e17538
Author(s):  
Sumita Trivedi ◽  
Haocan Song ◽  
Yuan Liu ◽  
Conor Ernst Steuer ◽  
William Stokes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinomas ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Seer Database ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Ajcc Staging ◽  
Disease Free

e17538 Background: The recently released eighth edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) Staging Manual, Head and Neck Section, incorporates significant changes to the prior seventh edition. The changes reflect the improved understanding of tumor biology, prognostic factors and molecular markers that effect outcomes in Head and Neck cancers. A key update restages OPSCC by human papilloma virus (HPV) positive and negative cancers as data demonstrated that these tumors have significantly different biology and outcomes. Methods: Using SEER data from 2004 – 2014, we identified male patients with squamous cell carcinomas of the tonsil, base of tongue and soft palate aged between 21 and 64 years old (those clinical characterizes were considered as surrogate markers for HPV positive status). We classified them by the AJCC 8th edition staging for HPV positive OPSCC and by AJCC 7th edition staging. The prediction performance by two staging editions were compared regarding overall survival (OS) and Disease free survival (DFS). Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazard model were applied, and the discrimination performance was measured by the concordance statistics (C-statistics). Results: A total of 8202 eligible patients were included in the analysis with a median follow up period of 51 months. 7415 (90.4%) patients had previously received radiation and 7038 (85.8%) patients had previously received chemotherapy. The median age of patients was 56 years. Distribution of stage I disease increased from 2% to 19.6% in AJCC 8th edition. 10-year overall survival (OS) for AJCC 8th stages I (74%), II (78%), III (55%) and IV (32%). Using Stage I as reference, the hazard ratio for stage II, III, and IV is 0.98 (95%CI: 0.87-1.09), 2.29 (95%CI: 2.04-2.57), and 5.88 (95%CI: 4.96-6.98). Similar results were noted for ten year disease free survival. The C-statistics measured overall discrimination for 8th edition is 0.68 and 0.63 for the 7th edition (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Based on this SEER analysis, the overall performance of discrimination improved from AJCC 7th to 8th edition; but in this study population, AJCC 8th edition does not distinguish stage I and II sufficiently as expected as it does for stages III and IV disease. Limitations of the SEER database include the surrogate for P16 status and under reported and incomplete data.

Treatment outcome of primary testicular non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

2013 ◽  
Vol 154 (42) ◽  
pp. 1666-1673
Author(s):  
János László Iványi ◽  
Éva Marton ◽  
Márk Plander ◽  
Zoltán Vendel Engert ◽  
Csaba Tóth
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Testicular Lymphoma ◽  
Hodgkin's Lymphomas ◽  
Disease Free ◽  
Overall Survival Rates ◽  
Primary Testicular Lymphoma

Introduction: Primary testicular lymphoma constitutes a rare subgroup among extranodal non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas. Because of its aggressive clinical behaviour due to high grade histological features developing mainly in older population, patients with this disease usually have a poor prognosis. Orchidectomy followed by combination immunochemotherapy is a traditional treatment method with a rather inferior outcome. Aim: In this retrospective survey the authors analysed the clinical presentation, pathological features and treatment results of patients with primary testicular lymphoma diagnosed and treated in their haematology centre between 2000–2012 Method: During this period 334 patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas were treated, of whom 8 patients (2.39%; age between 23 and 86 years; median, 60 years) underwent semicastration for primary testicular lymphoma (7 patients had diffuse, large B-cell lymphoma and one patient had Burkitt-like lymphoma). According to the Ann Arbor staging system a limited stage I-IIE was diagnosed in 7 patients and advanced stage was found in one patient. All but one patients were treated with rituximab added to CHOP regimen (6 or 8 cycles in every 21 or 28 days), whereas one patient received radiotherapy only. Central nervous system intrathecal prophylaxis was used in one case and no preventive irradiation of the contralateral testis was used. Results: With a median follow-up of 50 months complete remission was observed in 7 patients. However, two patients died (one due to progression and one in remission from pulmonary solid tumour). Complete remission rate proved to be 87.5%, disease-free survival was between 13 and 152 months (median 38 months) and overall survival rates were between 17 and 156 months (median 43 months). The 5-year disease-free and overall survival rates were 37.5 %. Conclusions: The relatively favourable treatment outcome could be mainly explained by the high number of patients with early-stage of the disease, early surgical removal of testicular lymphomas and the use if immunochemotherapy. This therapeutic regimen was effective to prevent localized and distant relapses. Despite omission of regular prophylaxis of the central nervous system, no relapse was detected. Orv. Hetil., 154 (42), 1666–1673.

scholarly journals Uterine Carcinosarcomas (Malignant Mixed Müllerian Tumours): A Review with Special Emphasis on the Controversies in Management

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rani Kanthan ◽  
Jenna-Lynn Senger
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Patient Management ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Therapeutic Modality ◽  
Targeted Chemotherapy ◽  
Consensus Guidelines ◽  
Multimodality Approach ◽  
Overall Survival Rates ◽  
Postoperative Adjuvant Treatment

Uterine carcinosarcomas (MMMT—malignant mixed Müllerian tumours) are highly aggressive, rare, biphasic tumours composed of epithelial and mesenchymal elements believed to arise from a monoclonal origin. While hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy remains the mainstay treatment, high rates of recurrence and metastases suggest a need for lymphadenectomy and postoperative adjuvant treatment. There are no established consensus guidelines for therapeutic patient management. Though well recognized that it improves locoregional control, the role of radiation in improving overall survival outcomes remains undecided. Although various combinations of chemotherapy have been explored, an optimal therapeutic modality is yet to be determined. As overall survival rates have not improved in thirty years, it is suggested that targeted chemotherapy and/or a multimodality approach may yield better outcomes. This paper provides a summary of the aetiopathogenesis of carcinosarcomas (MMMT) limited to the uterus with special emphasis on the controversies in the management of these patients.

Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy for Patients with Unresectable or Medically Inoperable Cholangiocarcinoma

2017 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 236-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Yueh Liu ◽  
Cheng-Hsiang Lo ◽  
Chun-Shu Lin ◽  
Hsing-Lung Chao ◽  
Jen-Fu Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Survival Duration ◽  
Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Effective Doses ◽  
Bile Duct Tumors ◽  
Overall Survival Rates

Purpose The role of stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) in patients with unresectable or medically inoperable cholangiocarcinoma remains unclear. We examined the efficacy and safety of SABR in this group of patients. Methods From January 2008 to December 2014, 15 patients with 17 lesions were included in this study. The lesions included 14 intrahepatic, 1 hilar, and 2 distal bile duct tumors. Three patients were classified as medically inoperable because of old age or multiple comorbidities. Tumors measured 0.8-13 cm (median, 3.6 cm). The median prescribed dose was 45 Gy delivered in 5 fractions over 5 consecutive days. Results The median follow-up period for surviving patients was 29.9 months. Objective responses were observed for 10 of 17 tumors (58.8%), including 3 complete responses (17.6%). The median survival duration was 12.6 months, and the 1- and 2-year overall survival rates were 50.3% and 14.4%, respectively. The 1- and 2-year in-field failure-free rates were 61.5% and 30.8%, respectively. For patients with biologically effective doses (BEDs) exceeding 75 Gy10, the 1- and 2-year overall survival rates were 58.3% and 33.3%, respectively, compared to 20.0% and 0%, respectively for those with BEDs lower than 75 Gy10. Radiation-induced liver disease did not develop in any patient. Acute toxicities were generally mild and tolerable. Conclusions Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy could be an alternative treatment for unresectable or medically inoperable cholangiocarcinoma. Further dose escalation may be considered to optimize local control.

scholarly journals Long-Term Outcomes of Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Superficial Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2849
Author(s):  
Toshihiro Nishizawa ◽  
Hidekazu Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Submucosal Dissection ◽  
Overall Survival Rates ◽  
Cause Specific Survival

In this review, we summarize up-to-date reports with 5-year survival after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. In ESD for the depth of the epithelium (m1) or lamina propria (m2), the 5-year cause-specific survival and 5-year overall survival rates were reported to be 98–100%, and 85–95%, respectively. In cases with submucosal invasion or vascular involvement, additional prophylactic treatment such as chemoradiotherapy or surgery was recommended, and the 5-year cause-specific survival and 5-year overall survival rates were reported to be 85–100%, and 56–84%, respectively. Additional treatment might be too invasive for the elderly or patients with severe comorbidities. The risk of additional therapy should be balanced against the risk of lymph node metastasis, considering the life expectancy of such patients.

Anaplastic ependymoma: treatment of pediatric patients with or without craniospinal radiation therapy

1997 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 943-949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Merchant ◽  
Toni Haida ◽  
Ming-Hsien Wang ◽  
Jonathan L. Finlay ◽  
Steven A. Leibel
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Primary Site ◽  
Anaplastic Ependymoma ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Disease Free ◽  
Overall Survival Rates

✓ The authors conducted a retrospective review of the clinical and treatment characteristics and outcomes in 28 pediatric patients with anaplastic ependymoma treated with radiation therapy since the advent of computerized tomography (CT) (1978–1994). Twelve patients received craniospinal irradiation followed by a boost to the primary site, two received whole-brain radiation therapy followed by a boost to the primary site, and the remaining 14 were treated with focal radiation therapy. The mean dose to the primary site was 5486 cGy. With a median follow-up period of 86 months for the 14 surviving patients (range 31–201 months), the median disease-free survival, measured from the date of diagnosis to the time of recurrence after radiation therapy, was 40 months. The median disease-free survival measured from the start of radiation therapy was 32 months. The median overall survival rate has not been reached and the actuarial estimates of overall survival rates at 5 and 10 years were 56% and 38%, respectively. According to univariate analysis, the disease-free survival rate was significantly improved (p < 0.01) in patients who underwent a gross-total resection at diagnosis. Overall survival rates were negatively influenced by treatment with craniospinal and whole-brain irradiation. As calculated by multivariate analysis, increasing dosage to the primary site (p < 0.05), infratentorial location (p < 0.01), and gross-total resections (p < 0.02) resulted in the longest disease-free survival times. All 19 patients in whom treatment failed after radiation therapy suffered a recurrence at the primary site. In addition, one of these patients experienced subarachnoid dissemination. Radiation treatment recommendations for patients with ependymoma have been based on the tumor's location, perceived risk for dissemination, and malignant propensity. The significance of anaplastic histological classification is controversial. Differences in the disease-free and overall survival rates have been demonstrated between ependymomas and anaplastic ependymomas treated in the pre—CT era. The results of this study show that there is no benefit from craniospinal irradiation in this group of patients.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document