scholarly journals Methods for determining color characteristics of vegetable raw materials. A review

Food systems ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 230-238
Author(s):  
N. I. Fedyanina ◽  
O. V. Karastoyanova ◽  
N. V. Korovkina
Keyword(s):  
Computer Vision ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Color Characteristics ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Color Control ◽  
Degree Of Maturity ◽  
Processing And Storage

Food product quality defines a complex of food product properties such size, shape, texture, color and others, and determines acceptability of these products for consumers. It is possible to detect defects in plant raw materials by color and classify them by color characteristics, texture, shape, a degree of maturity and so on. Currently, the work on modernization of color control systems has been carried out for rapid and objective measuring information about color of plant raw materials during their harvesting, processing and storage. The aim of the work is to analyze existing methods for determining color characteristics of plant raw materials described in foreign and domestic studies. Also, this paper presents the results of the experimental studies that describe the practical use of methods for measuring food product color. At present, the following methods for determining color characteristics by the sensor analysis principle are used: sensory, spectrophotometric and photometric. These methods have several disadvantages. Therefore, computer vision has found wide application as an automated method for food control. It is distinguished by high confidence and reliability in the process of determining freshness, safety, a degree of maturity and other parameters of plant raw materials that are heterogeneous in terms of the abovementioned indicators. The computer vision method is realized in the following systems: conventional, hyperspectral and multispectral. Each subsequent system is a component of the preceding one. Materials presented in the paper allow making a conclusion about the effectiveness of the computer vision systems with the aim of automatic sorting and determining quality of plant raw materials in the food industry.

CONSUMER PROPERTIES OF PASTA WITH POWDER FROM MARIGOLD INFLORESCENCES (TAGETES L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 102-112
Author(s):  
SHAPOVALOVA Nataliia ◽  
VEZHLIVTSEVA Svitlana ◽  
ANTIUSHKO Dmytro
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Organoleptic Properties ◽  
Biological Value ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Active Substances

Background. The deficiency of essential nutrients in the human body is the root cause of reduced efficiency, general resistance of the body to various diseases. That is an urgent problem in the context of the spread of coronavirus infection. In this regard, the search for opportunities to meet the needs of the population in food products that contain biologically active substances (BAS) through the use of high-value and at the same time available plant raw materials is extremely important. Marigolds attract special attention among such raw materials. The aim of the work is to study the chemical composition and evaluate the consumer properties of Tagetes L. varieties, zoned in the Kiev region, to prove the possibility of increasing the biological value of pasta by adding to their recipe powder from marigold inflorescences. Materials and methods. The object of research is pasta of B group (noodles). Inflorescences of marigolds of different varieties gathered during the flowering period in July-September 2019–2020 in the territory of Vasylkiv and Obukhiv districts of Kyiv region, Ukraine were used as enriching plant raw materials. The quality of finished pasta was assessed by organoleptic and physicochemical indexes (moisture content and titratable acidity). The content of mineral elements in the fine powder of marigold inflorescences was determined on the EXHERT-3L device, the quantitative composition and BAS identification – by spectrophotometric analysis on the device Specord-200 Analytic Jena UV-vis. The integrated quality index of pasta products was calculated taking into account the importance factors of individual indexes. Results. Comparing the obtained results, we can state that all the studied varieties – Gold Kopfen, Orange Flame, Hawaii, Equinox are characterized by high biological value, regardless of the area of collection. As a result of calculated and experimental studies it was determined that the addition of 7 % of the supplement does not provide the required supply of vitamins and minerals. Replacing the flour in the recipe by 20 % significantly improves the mineral composition, but deteriorates the taste and aromatic properties of pasta. The most optimal and rational amount of added additive is 15 %, as it improves the organoleptic properties of pasta and enriches their BAS. Conclusion. The usage of non-traditional vegetable raw materials, in particular powder from marigold inflorescences, which is rich in biologically active substances, allows not only to expand the range, improve the quality of finished products, but also increase the biological value of the product. The optimal amount of additive –powder from marigold inflorescences, was defined. It is 15 % by weight of flour in the production of noodles. This concentration allows not only to improve the organoleptic properties, but also to increase the content of biologically active substances – vitamins, micro- and macronutrients. The usage of non-traditional natural raw materials (powder from marigold inflorescences) allows to abandon artificial colorsand give the finished pasta a pleasant colorand aroma.

scholarly journals Functional product – squash and melon jam

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-42
Author(s):  
A. V. Gulin ◽  
L. V. Pavlov ◽  
T. A. Sannikova ◽  
V. A. Machulkina
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Permissible Concentration ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Food Product ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Functional Product ◽  
Degree Of Maturity ◽  
Biological Maturity

Relevance. Providing the population with functional, environmentally friendly and high-quality food is an urgent scientific and state problem. With prolonged use of contaminated products, the risk of various diseases increases. Therefore, the human diet should consist of functional, environmentally friendly products. The main goal of this research work was the production of high-quality jam from environmentally friendly raw materials of plant origin.Methods. For the preparation of the jam, the fruits of the Sosnovsky zucchini variety and the Lada melon of the technical and biological degree of maturity were used. The technological process of making jam took place in accordance with the technological requirements for this type of product. The content of biochemical parameters: dry matter, the amount of sugars, pectin and nitrates) were determined in fresh and finished (after the fermentation period) products.Results. Jam with a melon aroma was obtained with a glucose content of 4.5-6.73%, fructose - 4.66-7.17% with an accumulation of nitrates in the range of 127.1 mg / kg (fruits of biological maturity) and 131.6 mg / kg (fruits of technical maturity), which is 3.0-3.1 times lower than the maximum permissible concentration. The tasting committee rated the jam made from fruits of technical maturity at 4.3 points, and biological at 4.8 points. Thus, summarizing the results of our research, we can conclude that the jam made from zucchini fruits with the addition of melon is a functional, high-vitamin, environmentally friendly food product with high taste.

scholarly journals Low-waste innovative production technology for canned quince compote, enriched with natural nutrients

2021 ◽  
Vol 938 (1) ◽  
pp. 012010
Author(s):  
M.M. Rakhmanova ◽  
M.E. Akhmedov ◽  
A.F. Demirova ◽  
Z.A. Abdulkhalikov ◽  
N.G. Zagirov
Keyword(s):  
Initial Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Microwave Treatment ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Secondary Products ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Plant Raw Materials

Abstract The enterprises processing plant raw materials generate a fairly large amount of waste (secondary products), which can play an important role in solving food, environmental, and energy problems. This work improves the technology for the production of canned quince compote using a two-stage microwave heating of fruits and fruits filled with syrup prepared from infusion obtained from secondary products of cutting and peeling. It has been established that two-stage heating of fruits and microwave treatment of fruits filled with syrup in a glass jar promote an increase in the initial temperature of the product in the jars before sealing and thereby reduces the heat treatment modes. The infusion obtained from the secondary products of the heat-treated fruits provides a significant increase of biologically active components in the finished product. The experimental studies were used to construct a mathematical model for calculating the initial temperature of the product before sterilization, which makes it possible to establish intensive pasteurization modes. New modes of pasteurization of quince compote in various containers have been established. Physicochemical studies confirm the high quality of the finished product in terms of the content of biologically active components.

scholarly journals USING OF THE WAVE TECHNOLOGIES IN INTENSIFICATION PROCESSES OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 18-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg Burdo ◽  
Valentyna Bandura ◽  
Aleksandr Zykov ◽  
Igor Zozulyak ◽  
Julia Levtrinskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Heat And Mass Transfer ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Mass Transfer Processes ◽  
Innovative Products ◽  
Directed Energy

The advantages of wave technologies in comparison with traditional thermal technologies are considered. The aim of research is using of innovative wave technologies to intensify the processes of heat and mass transfer in the processes of dehydration and extraction, while reducing energy costs. A classification of the mechanisms of intensification of heat and mass transfer processes is proposed. Technical methods for intensifying heat and mass transfer during the processing of plant raw materials using technologies for targeted delivery of energy are developed. Samples of equipment are presented that implement technologies of directed energy action and innovative products obtained at these facilities. The results of experimental studies of drying in the microwave and infrared fields are shown.

scholarly journals Development of technology of biogenic stimulator from grass and marc of Sedum maximum

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-57
Author(s):  
О. І. Бурбан ◽  
Л. І. Вишневська ◽  
Т. М. Зубченко
Keyword(s):  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Statistical Research ◽  
Technological Factors ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Pharmacologically Active ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Control

One of the areas of rational use of raw materials, increasing the efficiency of medicinal plant raw materials and reducing the cost of medicines is the technology of its complex processing, which allows to obtain several pharmacologically active substances from one plant, also through the use of plant waste. Information about the potent biological activity of Sedum maximum and its insufficient study prompted us to conduct experimental studies to obtain substances based on it. The aim of the work is to study the production of an extract from marc of Sedum maximum grass on the basis of its complex processing and to study its quality indicators. Materials and methods of the research – biblio semantic, pharmacotherapeutic, physicochemical and statistical research methods were used during the research. Taking into account a number of technological factors, the parameters of obtaining extract from marc of Sedum maximum grass were determined, the quality of juice and Sedum maximum grass extract was studied: description, pH, dry residue, identification, quantitative content of tannins in terms of pyrogalol. Taking into acount the physicochemical and pharmacotechnological properties of the ingredients, technological schemes for obtaining fresh juice from Sedum maximum grass and extract from its marc have been developed and control parameters of the process of their production have been established. Taking into account a number of technological factors, the parameters of obtaining the extract from marc of Sedum maximum grass were determined: raw material:extractant ratio – 1:2, extraction temperature – 96–98 °С, extraction duration – 15 min. As a stabilizer used sodium chloride in the amount of 0.7%. The study of the following quality indicators of juice and extract of Sedum maximum grass were done and following results obtained: description, pH – 5.72 ± 0.08 and 4.87 ± 0.04, respectively, dry residue – 2.73 ± 0.07 and 2.54 ± 0,10%, respectively, identification, quantification of the amount of tannins in terms of pyrogalol – 0.094 ± 0.002 and 0.095 ± 0.002%, respectively. The technology was developed and technological schemes of complex processing of Sedum maximum grass were drawn up, according to which juice and aqueous extract from marc were obtained after squeezing the juice.

scholarly journals Toxin production ability of Bacillus cereus strains from food product of Ukraine

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Pylypenko ◽  
L. Pylypenko ◽  
G. Yamborko ◽  
I. Marinova
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Diagnosis ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Toxin Production ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Plant Raw Materials

Potential pathogens of foodborne toxic infections – bacterial contaminants Bacillus cereus isolated from plant raw materials and food products from the Ukrainian region were investigated. When determining of the proportion of isolated bacilli from the plant samples, it was established that the epidemiologically significant microorganisms of Bacillus cereus as agents of food poisoning are the second largest. The average value of contaminated samples of Ukrainian plant raw materials and processed products with Bacillus cereus is 36,2 %. The ability of Bacillus cereus strains identified by a complex of morphological, tinctorial, cultural and biochemical properties, to produce specific emetic and enterotoxins was studied. Molecular genetic diagnosis and detection of the toxin-producing ability of isolated 42 Bacillus cereus strains showed both the possibility of their rapid identification and the presence of specific toxicity genes. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out with specific primers to detect toxicity determined of various bacilli genes: nheA, hblD, cytK, cesВ. The distribution of toxigenic genes is significantly different among the Bacillus cereus isolates from various sources. The nheA, hblD and cytK enterotoxin genes were detected in 100, 83,3 and 61,9 % of the investigated strains of Bacillus cereus, respectively. The cesB gene encoding emetic toxin was detected in 4,8 % of  strains. Molecular-genetic PCR-method confirmed that all the isolated strains belong to the Bacillus cereus group, and the ability to produce toxins can be attributed to five groups. The main toxins that produce the investigated Bacillus cereus strains were nhe and hbl enterotoxins encoded by the corresponding genes of nheA and hblD. The enterotoxic type of Bacillus cereus was predominant in Ukrainian region.  Studies of domestic plant food raw materials and products have confirmed the need to improve microbiological control of product safety by introducing accelerated specific diagnostics of contaminants by molecular genetics methods.

Investigation of the Possibilities of Using Soybean Oil as an Ecological Additive to Petroleum Diesel Fuel

2022 ◽  
pp. 39-52
Author(s):  
S.N. Devyanin ◽  
V.A. Markov ◽  
A.G. Levshin ◽  
T.P. Kobozeva ◽  
V.A. Neverov
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Plant Raw Materials

One of the most important areas of internal combustion engine improvement is its adaptation to work on alternative fuels. Motor fuels obtained from renewable plant raw materials are considered to be promising alternative fuels. The article considers the possibility of using soybean oil as an ecological additive in petroleum diesel fuel. The features of soybean oil production and the physico-chemical properties of soybean oil and a mixture containing 80 % (by volume) of petroleum diesel fuel and 20 % of soybean oil are researched. Computational studies of the processes of fuel atomization and mixture formation in the D-245 diesel engine operating on mixtures of petroleum diesel fuel and seed oil have been performed. Experimental studies of the D-245 diesel engine operating on petroleum diesel fuel and the specified blended fuel have been carried out. Conversion of a diesel engine from petroleum fuel to mixed one leads to a decrease in integral emissions per test cycle: nitrogen oxides by 19.1 %, carbon monoxide — by 10.5 %, unburned hydrocarbons - by 8.9 %.

scholarly journals The influence of UV radiation on the property change of plant materials and their storability: A review

2019 ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
M.V. Trishkaneva ◽  
S.B. Tyurina ◽  
N.I. Fedyanina ◽  
Musatova
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Processing Time ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Radiation Power ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Uv Treatment ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Plant Raw Materials

The review presents the analysis of effects of different ranges of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on physicochemical and organoleptic properties of certain types of fruits, vegetables, and mushrooms, as well as on changes in their storability. It provides the results of experimental studies and information from patent descriptions demonstrating significant changes in the properties and composition of plant objects after UV-treatment: an increase in the concentration of phenolic compounds, anthocyanins, quercetin glycosides, chlorogenic and ascorbic acids, and an increased antioxidant activity. Available data allow us to conclude on the efficiency of applying UV radiation, both as an independent type of product treatment during storage and processing of plant raw materials, and as part of combined methods using other physical processing techniques (microwave radiation, fast electron processing, γ-radiation, sonication, thermal treatment, etc.). The effectiveness of UV radiation significantly depends on its range and processing modes. UV radiation, along with the sterilizing effect, has a thermal effect on the treated objects. This means that a long-term exposure to UV radiation causes significant heating, which must be taken into account when processing plant objects having a temperature below the ambient one as it can potentially amend their storability. The review discusses the issues of choosing optimal UV treatment modes (radiation dose and processing time) that improve storability of fruits, vegetables, mushrooms and other plant species while preserving their physicochemical and organoleptic quality parameters. In conclusion, the efficiency of the radiation dose is determined by the radiation power flux density, parameters of radiation sources and their location relative to the processed objects. Determination of the optimal conditions (radiation dose and processing time) of UV treatment of plant raw materials, depending on the goals, is an important scientific and technological task.

scholarly journals Cell membranes of plant materials anatomical integrity changes under the influence of filamentary microplasma treatment assisted by thermionic emission

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-244
Author(s):  
Ivan Shorstkii ◽  
Maksim Sosnin
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Cell Membranes ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Thermionic Emission ◽  
Mass Transfer Process ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Transfer Processes ◽  
Mass Transfer Processes

The effect of low-temperature filamentary microplasma treatment on the anatomi-cal integrity of cell membranes of plant raw materials was studied. It is shown that microplasma treatment forms a through channels in the structure of plant materi-als and accelerate mass transfer process. The effect on the cell membrane of plant raw materials leads to a change in the capillary-porous structure with the for-mation of additional pores formed by microplasma discharge, oriented along the direction of the electric field strength. It was found that the dependence of the number of destroyed cells on the intensity of microplasma treatment is limited and decreases with longer processing of plant raw materials. According to the results of experimental studies, it was established that with microplasma treatment assis-tant, it is possible to control mass transfer processes which are important for the further processing of plant raw materials, such as drying and extraction

A possibility of using nickel concentrate, obtained as a result of hydrometallurgical enrichment of manganese-containing raw materials, at steel alloying

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (7) ◽  
pp. 709-715
Author(s):  
O. Yu. Kichigina
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Selective Extraction ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Nickel Iron ◽  
Nickel Recovery ◽  
Nickel Concentrate ◽  
Steel Alloying ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Comprehensive Processing

At production of stainless steel expensive alloying elements, containing nickel, are used. To decrease the steel cost, substitution of nickel during steel alloying process by its oxides is an actual task. Results of analysis of thermodynamic and experimental studies of nickel reducing from its oxide presented, as well as methods of nickel oxide obtaining at manganese bearing complex raw materials enrichment and practice of its application during steel alloying. Technology of comprehensive processing of complex manganese-containing raw materials considered, including leaching and selective extraction out of the solution valuable components: manganese, nickel, iron, cobalt and copper. Based on theoretical and experiment studies, a possibility of substitution of metal nickel by concentrates, obtained as a result of hydrometallurgical enrichment, was confirmed. Optimal technological parameters, ensuring high degree of nickel recovery out of the initial raw materials were determined. It was established, that for direct steel alloying it is reasonable to add into the charge pellets, consisting of nickel concentrate and coke fines, that enables to reach the through nickel recovery at a level of 90%. The proposed method of alloying steel by nickel gives a possibility to decrease considerably steel cost at the expense of application of nickel concentrate, obtained out of tails of hydrometallurgical enrichment of manganese-bearing raw materials, which is much cheaper comparing with the metal nickel.

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