Recent Developments in Grain Sorghum Production By Plant Breeding Methods 1

1949 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 179-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Breeding Methods ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Sorghum Production

Spatial and temporal patterns of lodging in grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) in Australia

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 379
Author(s):  
Xuemin Wang ◽  
Emma Mace ◽  
Colleen Hunt ◽  
Alan Cruickshank ◽  
Graeme Hammer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Production Environments ◽  
Central Highlands ◽  
Sorghum Production

Grown in water-limited environments, sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is often exposed to water deficits of varying extent and timing. One of the impacts of water stress on sorghum production is lodging; however, there has been no published study quantifying the temporal and spatial frequency and severity of lodging in grain sorghum in Australia. In this study, we investigated the frequency and severity of lodging, using a dataset of 83 advanced yield-testing trials of the sorghum pre-breeding program grown in the seven major sorghum-production environments in Australia over 14 summer growing seasons. Lodging occurred in most production regions but with varying frequency and severity. Lodging was significantly greater in regions that were more prone to water stress (e.g. Central Highlands in Queensland) and significantly lower in regions that were less likely to suffer from water stress (e.g. Liverpool Plains in northern New South Wale) compared with the overall average across regions. The severity of lodging also varied across regions, with the most severe lodging (>20%) occurring in Central Highlands and Western Downs in Queensland. In addition, seasonal patterns of lodging frequency and severity were also observed. Over the 14 growing seasons, the frequency of lodging varied from 0% to 100%, with the most severe lodging (>20%) observed in 2005, 2016 and 2017. The Southern Oscillation Index explained 29% of the seasonal variation in lodging frequency. The findings of this study clearly support a link between lodging incidence and water stress across regions and seasons. Our data also showed that although there was a substantial turnover of commercial hybrids during the period of this study, the level of resistance to lodging appeared not to have improved. It is possible that this is due to plant breeders trading off improvements in lodging resistance to increase grain yield.

scholarly journals Tolerance of grain sorghum to PRE- and POST-applied photosystem II–inhibiting herbicides

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 699-703
Author(s):  
Jason K. Norsworthy ◽  
Jacob Richburg ◽  
Tom Barber ◽  
Trenton L. Roberts ◽  
Edward Gbur
Keyword(s):  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Control Program ◽  
The United States ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
Crop Injury ◽  
Sorghum Production

AbstractAtrazine offers growers a reliable option to control a broad spectrum of weeds in grain sorghum production systems when applied PRE or POST. However, because of the extensive use of atrazine in grain sorghum and corn, it has been found in groundwater in the United States. Given this issue, field experiments were conducted in 2017 and 2018 in Fayetteville and Marianna, Arkansas, to explore the tolerance of grain sorghum to applications of assorted photosystem II (PSII)-inhibiting herbicides in combination with S-metolachlor (PRE and POST) or mesotrione (POST only) as atrazine replacements. All experiments were designed as a factorial, randomized complete block; the two factors were (1) PSII herbicide and (2) the herbicide added to create the mixture. The PSII herbicides were prometryn, ametryn, simazine, fluometuron, metribuzin, linuron, diuron, atrazine, and propazine. The second factor consisted of either no additional herbicide, S-metolachlor, or mesotrione; however, mesotrione was excluded in the PRE experiments. Crop injury estimates, height, and yield data were collected or calculated in both studies. In the PRE study, injury was less than 10% for all treatments except those containing simazine, which caused 11% injury 28 d after application (DAA). Averaged over PSII herbicide, S-metolachlor–containing treatments caused 7% injury at 14 and 28 DAA. Grain sorghum in atrazine-containing treatments yielded 97% of the nontreated. Grain sorghum receiving other herbicide treatments had significant yield loss due to crop injury, compared with atrazine-containing treatments. In the POST study, ametryn- and prometryn-containing treatments were more injurious than all other treatments 14 DAA. Grain sorghum yield in all POST treatments was comparable to atrazine, except prometryn plus mesotrione, which was 65% of the nontreated. More herbicides should be evaluated to find a comparable fit to atrazine when applied PRE in grain sorghum. However, when applied POST, diuron, fluometuron, linuron, metribuzin, propazine, and simazine have some potential to replace atrazine in terms of crop tolerance and should be further tested as part of a weed control program across a greater range of environments.

Simulation of efficient irrigation management strategies for grain sorghum production over different climate variability classes

2019 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 49-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kritika Kothari ◽  
Srinivasulu Ale ◽  
James P. Bordovsky ◽  
Kelly R. Thorp ◽  
Dana O. Porter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variability ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Sorghum Production

scholarly journals Historical Trends in New Mexico Forage Crop Production in Relation to Climate, Energy, and Rangelands

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 2051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashraf J. Zaied ◽  
Hatim M. E. Geli ◽  
Mohammed N. Sawalhah ◽  
Jerry L. Holechek ◽  
Andres F. Cibils ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Cattle Population ◽  
Corn Production ◽  
Crude Oil Prices ◽  
Crude Oil Production ◽  
Corn Prices ◽  
Sorghum Production

This study was conducted within the context of providing an improved understanding of New Mexico’s food, energy, water systems (FEWS) and their behavior under variable climate and socioeconomic conditions. The goal of this paper was to characterize the relationships between production and prices of some forage crops (hay, grain sorghum, and corn) that can be used as feed supplements for beef cattle production and the potential impacts from a changing climate (precipitation, temperature) and energy inputs (crude oil production and prices). The analysis was based on 60 years of data (1958–2017) using generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity models. Hay production showed a declining trend since 2000 and in 2017, it dropped by ~33% compared to that of 2000. Crude oil production (R2 = 0.83) and beef cattle population (R2 = 0.85) were negatively correlated with hay production. A moderate declining trend in mean annual hay prices was also observed. Mean annual range conditions (R2 = 0.60) was negatively correlated with mean annual hay prices, whereas mean annual crude oil prices (R2 = 0.48) showed a positive relationship. Grain sorghum production showed a consistent declining trend since 1971 and in 2017, it dropped by ~91% compared to that of 1971. Mean annual temperature (R2 = 0.58) was negatively correlated with grain sorghum production, while beef cattle population (R2 = 0.61) and range conditions (R2 = 0.51) showed positive linear relationships. Mean annual grain sorghum prices decreased since the peak of 1974 and in 2017, they dropped by ~77% compared to those of 1974. Crude oil prices (R2 = 0.72) and beef cattle population (R2 = 0.73) were positively correlated with mean annual grain sorghum prices. Corn production in 2017 dropped by ~61% compared to the peak that occurred in 1999. Crude oil production (R2 = 0.85) and beef cattle population (R2 = 0.86) were negatively correlated with corn production. Mean annual corn prices showed a declining trend since 1974 and in 2017, they dropped by ~75% compared to those of 1974. Mean annual corn prices were positively correlated with mean annual precipitation (R2 = 0.83) and negatively correlated with crude oil production (R2 = 0.84). These finding can particularly help in developing a more holistic model that integrates FEWS components to explain their response to internal (i.e., management practices) and external (i.e., environmental) stressors. Such holistic modeling can further inform the development and adoption of more sustainable production and resource use practices.

Reseeding Crimson Clover as a N Source for No‐Tillage Grain Sorghum Production 1

1982 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Touchton ◽  
W. A. Gardner ◽  
W. L. Hargrove ◽  
R. R. Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Crimson Clover ◽  
N Source ◽  
Sorghum Production

Differential Response of Grain Sorghum Hybrids to Foliar-Applied Mesotrione

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Joy M. Abit ◽  
Kassim Al-Khatib ◽  
David L. Regehr ◽  
Mitchell R. Tuinstra ◽  
Mark M. Claassen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Differential Response ◽  
Visible Injury ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Sorghum Production ◽  
Selection Of

The selection of herbicide-resistant weeds in grain sorghum production has prompted researchers to explore alternative herbicides to prevent, delay, and manage herbicide-resistant weed biotypes. Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to evaluate the differential response of sorghum hybrids to POST application of mesotrione. In a greenhouse experiment, 85 sorghum hybrids were treated with 0, 52, 105, 210, and 315 g ai/ha mesotrione when plants were at the three- to four-leaf collar stage. Sorghum response ranged from susceptible to tolerant sorghum hybrids. ‘Pioneer 84G62’, ‘Pioneer 85G01’, and ‘Triumph TR 438’ were the three most susceptible, whereas ‘Dekalb DKS35-70’, ‘Frontier F222E’, and ‘Asgrow Seneca’ were the three most tolerant hybrids. One week after treatment (WAT), the mesotrione rate causing 50% visible injury ranged from 121 to 184 and 64 to 91 g/ha in the most tolerant and susceptible hybrids, respectively. Mesotrione dose–response studies were conducted under field conditions on four sorghum hybrids. One WAT, injury symptoms were greater (up to 23%) in Pioneer 85G01 than in Asgrow Seneca (< 14%). However, all plants appeared normal by the end of the growing season. In addition, sorghum yields were not reduced by mesotrione treatments as verified by correlation coefficient analysis.

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