Time and Rate of Fertilizer Application for Seeded Warm‐season and Bluegrass Pastures. I. Yield and Botanical Composition 1

1976 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 759-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Rehm ◽  
R. C. Sorensen ◽  
W. J. Moline
Keyword(s):  
Warm Season ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Botanical Composition

scholarly journals 115 Nitrogen fertilizer effects on above ground sward characteristics and beef heifer performance from native warm-season grass blends

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 26-27
Author(s):  
Caroline Chappell ◽  
Landon Marks ◽  
Katie Mason ◽  
Mary K Mullenix ◽  
Sandra L Dillard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Fertilizer Application Rate ◽  
Canopy Light Interception

Abstract A 2-yr study was conducted at Black Belt Research and Extension Center in Marion Junction, AL, to evaluate the effect of nitrogen (N) fertilizer application rate on forage production characteristics, nutritive value, and animal performance of beef heifers grazing a mixture of native warm-season grasses (NWSG) including big bluestem, little bluestem, and indiangrass. Six, two-hectare plots were randomly assigned to one of two treatments (0 or 67 kg N ha-1 applied in early April; n = 3 replications per treatment). Paddocks were continuously stocked with four weaned Angus × Simmental beef heifers (initial BW 288 ± 7 kg) from late May/early June through mid-to-late August during 2018 (73 grazing d) and 2019 (70 grazing d), respectively. Put-and-take cattle were used to manage forage to a target of 38 cm. Forage mass and canopy heights were collected every two weeks during the trial. Visual ground cover ratings, canopy light interception, and botanical composition were measured at the beginning and end of the trial in each year. Hand-plucked samples were collected every two weeks during the grazing trial to determine forage nutritional value. Data were analyzed using the PROC MIXED procedure in SAS 9.4, and differences were declared significant when P ≤ 0.05. Nitrogen fertilized NWSG had greater crude protein (P < 0.0001), sward heights (P = 0.0003), and canopy light interception at the beginning of the season (P = 0.0049) compared to non-fertilized paddocks. However, there were no differences (P ≥ 0.05) among N-fertility treatments for mean forage mass, heifer ADG, or BCS across the 2-yr study. Botanical composition data indicated that indiangrass decreased from 64% to 61% (P = 0.0022) and weed pressure increased from 11% to 15% (P = 0.0064) across the summer grazing season. Canopy light interception decreased by 51% from early June to August in fertilized NWSG and 26% in unfertilized paddocks, respectively. These data illustrate that NWSG systems may provide a viable grazing system in the summer months under reduced N inputs.

Production characteristics of the mixed prairie: constraints and potential

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 765-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. Willms ◽  
P. G. Jefferson
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Bouteloua Gracilis ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Plant Litter ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Mixed Prairie

The mixed prairie represents the most arid region of the Northern Great Plains in Canada. Approximately 6.5 M ha of the original total of 24 M ha have retained their native character. The native prairie supports about 5.3 M animal–unit–months or about 15% of all beef cattle present on the Canadian prairies. A large portion of the area is dominated by either needle-and-thread (Stipa comata Trin. + Rupr.) or western wheatgrass (Agropyron smithii Rydb.), both cool season grasses, and associated with blue grama [Bouteloua gracilis (H.B.K.) Lag. ex Steud.] a warm season grass. These species define the major plant communities of the mixed prairie and determine their production potential. However, their production is limited by available water during the growing season and by soil nutrients; factors which also influence their species composition. Grazing imposes a significant impact on the grasslands by altering the water and nutrient cycles, through defoliation and reduced plant litter, and eventually by affecting the species composition. Removing litter may reduce forage production by up to 60% and repeated defoliation will favour the more drought tolerant but less productive species. Forage production may be increased by seeding introduced species, which have a greater shoot to root ratio than native grasses, or with fertilizer application. Livestock production may be increased with the use of grazing systems. However, the benefits of each practice on the mixed prairie must be assessed in terms of their cost, their impact on the environment, and the reduced or lost value for other users. Key words: Biomass, above-ground, below-ground, water-use efficiency, reseeding, soil fertility, grazing efficiency

Pasture degeneration. II.* The importance of superphosphate, nitrogen and grazing management

1978 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
SJ Cook ◽  
GJ Blair ◽  
A Lazenby
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Spring Period ◽  
South Wales

Fertilizer application and grazing management were shown to be important factors affecting trends in botanical composition in a 5-year-old perennial ryegrass–white clover pasture showing signs of pasture degeneration. In the absence of continuing superphosphate application, native and weed species invaded the pasture, irrespective of grazing management. However, where superphosphate was applied at 500 kg ha-1 year-1, the subsequent trends in botanical composition were dependent on the grazing strategy used. Pastures which were intensively grazed during the winter-spring period were invaded by red grass and other native grass species following a decline in the perennial ryegrass component, whatever the grazing management of other times of the year. In contrast, lax grazing, or pasture spelling, during this winter-spring period led to an increase in the basal area of ryegrass and checked the encroachment of unsown species. The role of superphosphate and grazing management in maintaining stable and productive pastures on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales is discussed. Part I, Aust. J. Agric. Res., 29: 9 (1978).

The effect of fertilizer application and time of seasonal break on the growth and dominance of capeweed (Arctotheca calendula)

1974 ◽  
Vol 14 (69) ◽  
pp. 553 ◽  
Author(s):  
JG McIvor ◽  
DF Smith
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Pot Experiment ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
P Addition

Pot and field experiments were carried out to study the effect of N and P addition and time of seasonal break on the growth and dominance of capeweed (Arctotheca calendula) in mixed swards. In a pot experiment time of break had a much greater effect on capeweed dominance than fertilizer treatment with a late break increasing capeweed content. N and P treatments did not alter botanical composition of a predominantly capeweed pasture. The results suggest that manipulation of fertilizer application will have only small and possibly variable effects on the dominance of capeweed in pastures.

scholarly journals Fertilizer application (P, K, S, Ca and Mg) on pasture in calcareous dehesas: effects on herbage yield, botanical composition and nutritive value

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 303-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Santamaría ◽  
S. Rodrigo ◽  
Poblaciones MJ ◽  
L. Olea
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Positive Response ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Herbage Yield ◽  
Digestible Protein

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of P, Ca, S, and/or K and/or Mg application at different rates on the botanical composition, herbage yield and its nutritive value in dehesas developed on calcareous soils. In two growing seasons, 2009/10 and 2010/11, five surface-broadcast fertiliser treatments were applied once in autumn. Two grazing periods were simulated by cutting the pasture in mid-spring and late-spring. Treatment K1, with the highest amount of Ca and without K in its composition, provided higher crude protein values in the herbage than controls in 2009/10. When the effect of each nutrient was analysed separately, a strong and highly positive response of Mg application on herbage production was recorded. A surface application of fertilisers containing 25 kg Mg/ha in autumn could increase herbage yield by 40% under the studied conditions. However, Mg was not applied alone, and thus this increase could be due to an effect of Mg by itself or to a synergistic effect between Mg and other nutrients applied. The application of Ca, P and Mg may also favour the production of high-quality forage by yielding a greater cover of legumes and digestible protein.

The effect of rejuvenation of Aspen Parkland ecoregion grass-legume pastures on botanical composition

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 673-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Lardner ◽  
S. B. M. Wright ◽  
R. D. H. Cohen ◽  
P. Curry ◽  
L. MacFarlane
Keyword(s):  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Bare Ground ◽  
Liquid Form ◽  
Smooth Bromegrass ◽  
Liquid Fertilizer ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Aspen Parkland ◽  
Split Plot ◽  
Annual Weeds

A 3-yr study was conducted at five different sites in the Aspen Parkland of Saskatchewan to determine the effect of spiking, burning, mowing, deep-banding (Trt) and applications of N, P, K and S liquid and granular fertilizers (Fert) on changes in botanical composition of predominantly smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) pastures established on Black Chernozemic and Gray Luvisolic soils in central Saskatchewan. Fertilizer application was in a liquid form blended to provide 100 kg N ha–1, 45 kg P2O5 ha–1, 23 kg K2O ha–1 and 12 kg S ha–1 in 350 kg of fertilizer ha–1. The experimental design at each site was a randomized complete block in a split-plot arrangement. Main plots were spike, burn, mow, deep-band, deep-band liquid fertilizer and control. The split-plot treatment was granular fertilizer broadcast at 0 and 350 kg ha–1 (providing 100 kg N ha–1, 45 kg P2O5 ha–1, 23 kg K2O ha–1 and 12 kg S ha–1). All treatments were applied in the spring of 1994. Interaction effects of Trt × Yr and Fert × Yr were significant (P < 0.05), indicating a wide range of response to the rejuvenation methods among years. Spiking reduced grass and legume composition, and increased (P < 0.05) the presence of annual weeds and bare ground. Burning increased (P < 0.05) alfalfa composition in years 2 and 3 at three sites and tended to decrease (P > 0.05) bluegrass composition in all 3 yr. Broadcast and liquid fertilizer, at 200 kg N ha–1 decreased (P < 0.05) the alfalfa component in years 2 at four sites and increased (P < 0.05) the smooth bromegrass component at two sites in year 1 and all sites in years 2 and 3. Fertilizer (granular or liquid) alone or combined with mechanical treatments (deep-band, mow, spike or burn) increased (P < 0.05) the composition of smooth bromegrass and decreased (P < 0.05) the composition of bluegrass, weeds and bare ground variably over 3 yr. Mowing and deep-banding had minimal effects on botanical composition. Key words: Rejuvenation, fertilizer, spike, burn, deep-band, botanical composition

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