Maize Shoot and Root Response to Root Zone Saturation during Vegetative Growth

1997 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon I. Lizaso ◽  
Joe T. Ritchie
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Root Response

Insecticide treatments for control of grape phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifolii) infesting grapevines in Victoria, Australia

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 267 ◽  
Author(s):  
GA Buchanan ◽  
GD Godden
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Root Mass ◽  
Grape Phylloxera ◽  
The Third ◽  
Central Victoria

Carbofuran, oxamyl, aldicarb and fenamiphos treatments were tested for control of grape phylloxera [Daktulosphaira vitifolii (Fitch)] on ungrafted Cabernet Sauvignon grapevines in central Victoria. All insecticides were applied as granular formulations to the root zone of grapevines. Oxamyl was also tested as a foliar spray. Carbofuran was the most effective treatment, although aldicarb and oxamyl reduced phylloxera populations at some sampling periods. Fenamiphos did not control phylloxera. Vegetative growth, yield and root mass of infested grapevines declined during the 3 years of the experiment. In the third year, carbofuran- treated vines had significantly (P=0.05) greater fruit yield and more vegetative growth than control vines, but were performing poorly in relation to yields expected from uninfested vines. It is concluded that carbofuran treatment combined with optimum viticultural management may delay or reduce the decline of phylloxera infested grapevines. However, replanting with vines grafted to resistant rootstocks is a preferable long-term solution.

scholarly journals Growth, Yield, and Water Use Responses of Peach to Repeated Root Pruning in a Sub-humid Climate

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-546
Author(s):  
D.M. Glenn ◽  
S.S. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Lateral Spread ◽  
Soil Water Availability ◽  
Root Pruning

The objectives of this 7-year study were to determine the effect of repeated root pruning and irrigation on peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) tree growth and soil water use. Root pruning began in the year of planting. Peach trees trained to a freestanding “Y” were root-pruned at flowering for 4 years (1985 to 1988) and subsequently at flowering and monthly through July for 3 years (1989 to 1991). Irrigation was withheld or applied the full season or only during stage 3 of fruit growth on root-pruned and non-root-pruned trees. Root pruning limited soil water availability throughout most of the growing season when irrigation was withheld; however, when irrigation was applied, there was no difference in soil water availability. The root length density of peach roots was greatest in the 0 to 30-cm depth, was promoted by irrigation, and was reduced by root pruning in the 0 to 90-cm root zone. Full-season irrigation increased vegetative growth over the nonirrigated treatments. Root pruning had no effect on vegetative growth measured as fresh pruned material. The treatments had no effect on leaf nutrient content, except that root pruning reduced Zn in five consecutive years. Fruit yield was reduced 1 in 5 years by root pruning, and full-season irrigation reduced yield in 3 of 5 years. Repeated root pruning restricted the lateral spread of the root zone and the use of soil resources, yet on the deep soil of this site, restricting the lateral extent of the root zone did not reduce vegetative tree growth.

scholarly journals Effects of Water and Nutrient Stresses on Reduction of Vegetative Growth in Chrysanthemum Grown under Restricted Root Zone Volume.

2001 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 760-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanjuro Goto ◽  
Noriyuki Takaya ◽  
Naoko Yoshioka ◽  
Yuichi Yoshida ◽  
Yoshihiro Kageyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Root Zone

scholarly journals EFFECT OF THE INTERACTION BETWEEN NaCl LEVELS AND ROOT-ZONE TEMPERATURE ON GROWTH AND SEED PRODUCTION OF CUCUMBER.

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 683f-683
Author(s):  
Ayman F. Abou-Hadid ◽  
Abo-Elfotouh M. Abd-Alla ◽  
Richard A. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Root Zone Temperature ◽  
Zone Temperature

Cucumber plants )Cucumis sativa cv. Beta-al-pha) were grown in a glasshouse in pots of sand with 3 NaCl levels in the nutrient solution (0.40 and 60 mM) and placed in four large water baths controlled at different temperatures (13, 18,23, and 28°C). The increase of NaCl levels decreased the vegetative growth, seed yield, and seed quality, while the increase of root zone temperature up to 23C° increased the vegetative growth, seed yield and quality. Whereas, 28°C showed lower effect than 23°C. Ethylene production and the content of proline and free amino acids were increased with increasing NaCl levels. The increase of root zone temperature till 23°C decreased ethylene production, proline, and free amino acids contents. Zero NaCl (as control) obtained with 23°C root zone temperature appeared to be the best for the over-all growth, seed yield and seed quality of cucumber plants.

Vegetative growth, superoxide dismutase activity and ion concentration of salt-stressed watermelon as influenced by rootstock

2008 ◽  
Vol 146 (6) ◽  
pp. 695-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
SMILJANA GORETA ◽  
VILJEMKA BUCEVIC-POPOVIC ◽  
GABRIELA VULETIN SELAK ◽  
MAJA PAVELA-VRANCIC ◽  
SLAVKO PERICA
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
High Water ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Leaf Water Content ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
High K

SUMMARYWatermelon is a crop with a high water demand and is frequently grown under conditions of higher than normal root-zone salinity. In the present study, seedlings of watermelon (cv. Fantasy, Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum & Nakai) were grown either ungrafted or grafted on three rootstocks: Strong Tosa, S1 (both Cucurbita maxima×Cucurbita moschata), or Emphasis (Lagenaria siceraria). All the plants were exposed to an NaCl-induced salinity stress (electrical conductivity, EC=2·2, 4·0, or 6·0 dS/m). The vegetative growth of all the plants substantially reduced after 2 weeks of exposure to 6·0 dS/m; however, growth of the plants grafted on Strong Tosa reduced less than that of the others. The leaf water content and specific leaf area (SLA, m2/g) decreased with an increasing salinity in grafted plants, but not in ungrafted plants. Salinity induced an increase of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in grafted plants up to two-fold depending on the rootstock, whereas it had no effect on this enzyme activity in ungrafted plants. Leaf Na+ concentration increased with increasing salinity in ungrafted and S1 grafted plants, whereas there was no significant leaf Na+ accumulation in Emphasis and Strong Tosa grafted plants. Leaf K+ concentration was affected by the rootstock but not by salinity, thus, the ability to keep a high K+/Na+ ratio was achieved mainly by limiting leaf Na+ concentration. The rootstock determined the leaf Cl− accumulation, with lower overall concentrations found if plants were grafted on the S1 rootstock than on Emphasis or ungrafted plants. Salinity significantly decreased the leaf NO3− concentration on Emphasis grafted plants only, while the NO3−/Cl− ratio was reduced in all the rootstocks. The capacity of Strong Tosa to withstand salt stress better than other tested rootstocks was probably due to the ability to induce anatomical adaptation (SLA) and SOD activity in response to salt stress, and also to the efficiency of Na+ exclusion from the shoot.

scholarly journals Spike Formation Is a Turning Point Determining Wheat Root Microbiome Abundance, Structures and Functions

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (21) ◽  
pp. 11948
Author(s):  
Alla Usyskin-Tonne ◽  
Yitzhak Hadar ◽  
Dror Minz
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stage ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Antibiotic Production ◽  
Wheat Root ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Microbe Interactions

Root selection of their associated microbiome composition and activities is determined by the plant’s developmental stage and distance from the root. Total gene abundance, structure and functions of root-associated and rhizospheric microbiomes were studied throughout wheat growth season under field conditions. On the root surface, abundance of the well-known wheat colonizers Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria decreased and increased, respectively, during spike formation, whereas abundance of Bacteroidetes was independent of spike formation. Metagenomic analysis combined with functional co-occurrence networks revealed a significant impact of plant developmental stage on its microbiome during the transition from vegetative growth to spike formation. For example, gene functions related to biofilm and sensorial movement, antibiotic production and resistance and carbons and amino acids and their transporters. Genes associated with these functions were also in higher abundance in root vs. the rhizosphere microbiome. We propose that abundance of transporter-encoding genes related to carbon and amino acid, may mirror the availability and utilization of root exudates. Genes related to antibiotic resistance mechanisms were abundant during vegetative growth, while after spike formation, genes related to the biosynthesis of various antibiotics were enriched. This observation suggests that during root colonization and biofilm formation, bacteria cope with competitor’s antibiotics, whereas in the mature biofilm stage, they invest in inhibiting new colonizers. Additionally, there is higher abundance of genes related to denitrification in rhizosphere compared to root-associated microbiome during wheat growth, possibly due to competition with the plant over nitrogen in the root vicinity. We demonstrated functional and phylogenetic division in wheat root zone microbiome in both time and space: pre- and post-spike formation, and root-associated vs. rhizospheric niches. These findings shed light on the dynamics of plant–microbe and microbe–microbe interactions in the developing root zone.

Misting of Tomato Plants Improves Leaf Water Status but not Leaf Growth

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Stirzaker ◽  
P. T. Hayman ◽  
B. G. Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Leaf Expansion ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Expansion Rate ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Leaf Water Status ◽  
Leaf Expansion Rate

Field and laboratory experiments were carried out to determine whether modification of the aerial environment in a hot climate would improve the leaf growth rate and ultimately the yield of well- irrigated processing tomatoes, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. UC82B. In the field, the transpiration rate was modified by frequent applications of a fine mist. Misting reduced the diurnal fall in leaf water potential by up to 0.5 MPa, but had no effect on weekly vegetative growth or fruit yield, compared to a control treatment which was not misted but had accurately managed drip irrigation. To investigate these processes further, we studied the relationship between leaf water status and leaf growth in the laboratory using equipment in which a pot is placed inside a pressure chamber, with the leaves enclosed in a cuvette. Immediately following a misting event, both the hydrostatic pressure of the leaf xylem and the leaf expansion rate increased. The increase in leaf expansion rate was sustained for about 10 min and then fell below the pre-misted rate so that the net effect of a misting event on leaf expansion was small or nil. When an elevated leaf water status was sustained by pressurising the soil for over an hour, there was only a transient increase in leaf growth, and leaf growth stopped after the pressure was removed. Both in the laboratory and field, the overall leaf or vegetative growth was not sensitive to rapid fluctuations in leaf water status. The implication is that, if sufficient attention is paid to managing the root zone of crops, the more expensive and less efficient modification of the shoot environment is unnecessary.

scholarly journals Effect of partial root-zone drying on grafted tomato in commercial greenhouse

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 36-44
Author(s):  
Branimir Urlić ◽  
Marko Runjić ◽  
Katja Žanić ◽  
Marija Mandušić ◽  
Gabriela Vuletin Selak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Use Efficiency

For two years, the tomatoes (cv. ‘Belle’ and ‘Clarabella’), ungrafted, self-grafted and grafted onto the ‘He-man’ rootstock, were grown under two irrigation regimes, i.e., partial-root zone drying (PRD) and fully irrigated (FI), to investigate whether grafting can alleviate drought stress and promote water-use efficiency (WUE). The grafted plants under the FI regime had the highest vegetative growth, which was the result of more leaves and greater leaf area and were only significantly different from the PRD grown ungrafted plants. The grafted plants had the highest yield as a result of the greater number of larger fruits and the yield did not differ between the irrigation treatments. No differences were found in the leaf NPK concentrations, while the Ca and Mg were higher under the PRD regime. The ungrafted plants under the PRD regime had the highest total soluble solids and acidity in the fruit juice. The grafted plants had a significantly higher WUE, more pronounced in the PRD regime. The different types of irrigation did not influence the vegetative growth and the yield in the greenhouse grown grafted tomato. The PRD and rootstock effects should be additionally investigated with deficit irrigation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document