Recurrent Selection for Maize Grain Yield: Dry Matter and Nitrogen Accumulation and Partitioning Changes

This research aimed to evaluate the maize grain yield and forage of grass species under intercropping system using nicosulfuron herbicide. In order to assess the parameters related to maize, a randomized block design was defined. The treatments were arranged in a (5 × 2+ 1) × 2 factorial design with four repetitions resulting in 11 treatments, where maize was cultivated under intercropping condition with different forage species (5) (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu, Piatã, Xaraés, Brachiaria ruziziensis and Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça) and maize monoculture (1) as control treatment, with and without nicosulfuron herbicide application (2) in two growing seasons (2014 and 2015). The off-season intercropping of maize with tropical forage grasses with and without herbicide suppression decreased maize grain yield. The suppression with nicosulfuron herbicide decreased the dry matter production of forage grasses. Intercropping of P. maximum cv. Mombaça with maize showed higher decrease in maize grain yield. On the other hand, it showed higher forage grasses production for livestock feeding. B. brizantha cv. Piatã was the forage which less affected maize grain yield under intercropping, even with absence of nicosulfuron suppression. Off-season maize under intercropping with tropical forages can be used to recover degraded pastures; increasing forage dry matter production for livestock, remaining the soil covered with straws with possibility of no-till seeding for the next cultivation.

Download Full-text

Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis Studies on Grain Yield and Its Contributing Characters in Maize (Zea mays L.)

International Journal of Plant & Soil Science ◽

10.9734/ijpss/2020/v32i730300 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 7-13

Author(s):

O. P. Taiwo ◽

A. I. Nwonuala ◽

B. F. Isaiah ◽

D. O. Olawamide ◽

I. K. Agbugba

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Block Design ◽

Path Coefficient ◽

Path Coefficient Analysis ◽

Maize Grain Yield ◽

Maize Varieties ◽

Ear Height ◽

Maize Grain ◽

Selection For ◽

Positive Direct

In crop breeding, the selection for yield is made complex because of the quantitative and polygenic nature of the character. This study was undertaken to assess character association and show the contribution of various yield contributing characters in some maize varieties through the help of correlation and path coefficient analyses in order to identify appropriate plant characters for selection to improve maize grain yield. Seventeen maize varieties were sown in a randomized complete block design with three replications in a humid environment of Port Harcourt, Nigeria in 2018 under rainfed condition. Data were recorded for days to 50% anthesis, days to 50% silking, anthesis-silking interval, plant height (cm) and ear height (cm), number of plants per plot, number of plants harvested, number of ears harvested, moisture content (%), field weight (kg), and grain yield (t ha-1). Results showed number of plants per plot, number of plants harvested, number of ears harvested and field weight correlated positively and significantly both phenotypically and genotypically with grain yield. Path coefficient analysis at the genotypic level also revealed field weight and days to 50% anthesis as the characters exerting the highest positive direct effect on grain yield. Therefore, maize grain yield could be improved through indirect selection for these characters.

Download Full-text

Improving Maize Grain Yield under Drought Stress and Non-stress Environments in Sub-Saharan Africa using Marker-Assisted Recurrent Selection

Crop Science ◽

10.2135/cropsci2015.02.0135 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 56 (1) ◽

pp. 344-353 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Yoseph Beyene ◽

Kassa Semagn ◽

Jose Crossa ◽

Stephen Mugo ◽

Gary N. Atlin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Recurrent Selection ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Maize Grain Yield ◽

Stress Environments ◽

Maize Grain ◽

Sub Saharan

Download Full-text

Contribution of total dry matter and harvest index to maize grain yield—A multisource data analysis

Food and Energy Security ◽

10.1002/fes3.256 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Wanmao Liu ◽

Peng Hou ◽

Guangzhou Liu ◽

Yunshan Yang ◽

Xiaoxia Guo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Data Analysis ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Harvest Index ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Maize Grain Yield ◽

Maize Grain

Download Full-text

Effect of Manures Composted with High Quality Organic Residues on Dry Matter Accumulation, Nitrogen Uptake and Maize Grain Yield

East African Agricultural and Forestry Journal ◽

10.4314/eaafj.v69i1.1806 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 69 (1) ◽

pp. 63-68 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

F. M. Kihanda

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Nitrogen Uptake ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Organic Residues ◽

High Quality ◽

Maize Grain Yield ◽

Maize Grain

Download Full-text

HETEROSIS OF SOME TROPICAL MAIZE GENOTYPES DERIVED FROM TWO DIFFERENT MAIZE BREEDING ERAS

Bangladesh Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics ◽

10.3329/bjpbg.v30i1.36261 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 01-10

Author(s):

Ige AYODELE Sunday

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Recurrent Selection ◽

Stem Borer ◽

Productivity Index ◽

Gene Pools ◽

International Institute ◽

Maize Grain Yield ◽

Maize Varieties ◽

Maize Grain ◽

The Tropics

Heterosis for maize grain yield was studied to identify cross combinations that may be useful sources for inbred line extraction, recurrent selection and, to estimate changes in the maize grain yield heterosis across two breeding eras in the tropics. Field studies were conducted at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan during the cropping seasons of 2010, 2011 and 2012, with 10 open pollinated maize varieties (OPVs) derived two breeding eras (1 and 2). The ten OPVs and the crosses generated from them were evaluated under stem borer infested and non-infested, high-N versus low-N and natural conditions. Mid and High-heterosis (MPH & HPH) were estimated from grain yield data from the tested environments. MPH & HPH under natural, optimum N-Fertilizer application, and borer infested environments were 37.20 and 25.38%, 19.85 and 12.3%, 30.98 and 18.94% respectively. Cross combination DMR-LSR-W (Era 1) x TZSR-Y-I (Era 1) expressed the highest magnitude of (MPH & HPH) (97.70 and 87.15%) for grain yield across the tested environments except low-N. It suggest the suitability of the hybrid for cultivation only in environments with high productivity index. Hybrid ACR99TZLCOMP4-DMRSR (Era 1) x BR9928DMRSR (Era 2) had highest HPH under low-N environments. Suggesting this combination as a good source of genes for the development of low nitrogen tolerance maize varieties in the tropics. Cross combinations that expressed better (HPH) under borer infestation are good gene pools for the development of stem borer tolerance maize varieties in stem borer endemic zone. These crosses hold promise as future candidates for commercial exploitation of heterosis or for the extraction of inbred lines in the tropics. Better (HPH) were derived from the crosses between Era 1 and & 2, indicates the older and newer maize varieties complement each other for (HPH) across environments.

Download Full-text

Weed Responses to Crop Residues Management in a Summer Maize Cropland in the North China Plain

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture11080746 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 746

Author(s):

Jin Zhang ◽

Lan-Fang Wu ◽

Bin-Bin Li

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Dry Matter ◽

North China Plain ◽

North China ◽

Crop Residues ◽

Weed Density ◽

Maize Grain Yield ◽

The North ◽

The North China Plain ◽

Maize Grain

Crop residues management has great effects on weeds in croplands. To understand the weed responses to crop residues management and weeds impact on crop yield, a field trial with three crop residues management strategies has been conducted in the North China Plain since 2008. Weed community composition and structure across the species, morphological types, life forms, and community levels were investigated during 2019–2020. The results show that the field with crop residues retention significantly decreased weed density than that in the field with no crop residues retention. Furthermore, total crop residues retention significantly decreased weed density than half crop residues retention. Compared with no crop residues retention, the weed aboveground dry matter in the field with total and half crop residues retention significantly decreased. Meanwhile, the maize grain yield significantly increased, resulting from weeds decreased with crop residues retention on the field. Negative correlations were found between maize grain yield and the density and aboveground dry matter of monocotyledonous weeds. These findings indicate that long term crop residues retention under conventional tillage might be an effective agronomic practice to retard weed growth. However, the mechanism of crop residues retention on weed control is still needed to research.

Download Full-text